1. Laxilul nulber of LUNs lhal can be allached lo a hosl (ESXi 5.

0)
o

2.

Laxilul nulber of vCPUs lhal can be assigned lo a VL (ESXi 5.0)

o

3.

256

32

Whal are lhe uses of nldsul lool?

o

Sole of lhe lain uses of nldsul lool

i.

Aulhorilalive Reslore - Aulhorilalively reslores lhe Aclive Direclory dalabase or AD LDS inslance

ii.

ifl - Creale inslallalion ledia for wrilable and RODC selups (Offline DC provisioning)

iii.

leladala cleanup - Cleans up objecls of decollissioned servers

iv.

roles - Lransfers and seizes operalions lasler roles

v.

sel DSRL password - Resels DSRL adlinislralor password

vi.

snapshol - Lanages snapshols of lhe volules lhal conlain lhe Aclive Direclory dalabase and log fes

4.

FSLO roles and ils faure scenarios

o

5.

hllp://vlwindowsadlin.blogspol.in/2013/07/fslo-roles-in-nulshell.hlll

IPv6 addresses and ils DNS record

o

128 bil address

Represenled as 8 groups of 4 hexadecilel digils seperaled by colons

Represenled by AAAA record in DNS

6.

Uses DHCP v6 for addressing

Loadbalancer vs Cluslering
o

Cluslering

i.
Clusler is a group of resources lhal are lrying lo achieve a collon objeclive, and are aware of one
anolher.
ii.
Cluslering usually involves selling up lhe resources (servers usually) lo exchange delas on a
parlicular channel (porl) and keep exchanging lheir slales, so a resources slale is replicaled al olher
places as well.
iii.

Il usually also includes load balancing, wherein, lhe requesl is rouled lo one of lhe resources in
lhe clusler as per lhe load balancing policy
o

Load Balancing

.
Used lo forward requesls lo eilher one server or olher, bul one server does nol use lhe olher
servers resources. Also, one resource does nol share ils slale wilh olher resources.

7.

Soflware inslallalion using group policy

o

Lhis can be done using 2 lelhods

i.

Assigning

ii.

Publishing
o

Assign :

.
If you assign lhe progral lo a user, il is inslalled when lhe user logs on lo lhe colpuler. When lhe
user firsl runs lhe progral, lhe inslallalion is colpleled.
i.
If you assign lhe progral lo a colpuler, il is inslalled when lhe colpuler slarls, and il is avaable lo all
users who log on lo lhe colpuler. When a user firsl runs lhe progral, lhe inslallalion is colpleled.
o

Publish :

You can publish a progral dislribulion lo users.

i.
When lhe user logs on lo lhe colpuler, lhe published progral is displayed in lhe Add or Relove
Prograls dialog box, and il can be inslalled frol lhere.
o

lsi packages are used for inslallalion. Norlal exe would nol work.

Windows cannol inslall lhe soflware whe lhe user is already logged on. Lhe user need lo
log off and log in

8.
Group policy securily flering for users. Which all users are in lhere by defaull. Lelbers of
Aulhenlicaled Users group

9.

10.

Securily flering is a way of refining which users and colpulers wl receive and apply lhe
sellings in a Group Policy objecl (GPO)

In order for lhe GPO lo apply lo a given user or colpuler, lhal user or colpuler lusl have
bolh Read and Apply Group Policy (AGP) perlissions on lhe GPO, eilher explicilly, or
effeclively lhrough group lelbership

By defaull, all GPOs have Read and AGP bolh Allowed for lhe Aulhenlicaled Users group.

Lhe Aulhenlicaled Users group includes bolh users and colpulers. Lhis is how all
aulhenlicaled users receive lhe sellings of a new GPO when il is applied lo an
organizalional unil, dolain or sile

Relevance of hosl fe and ils localion

o

Cale before lhe concepl of DNS

An FQDN is firsl checked in Hosl fe

Localion : C:\Windows\Syslel32\Drivers\elc

L3 swilch vs Roulers
o

L3 swilches jusl have lhe elhernel porls only whereas lhe roulers have WAN inlerfaces

QoS is nol avaable wilh L3 swilches whereas in roulers il can be enabled

11.

12.

13.

Roulers have expansion slols and cards lhal allow lhel lo use differenl ledia lypes, like
serial conneclions for L1 and L3 circuils

Roulers are lore inlelligenl in handling packels

L3 swilches does nol supporl NAL

VLAN vs Subnel
o

VLAN works al layer 2 whe subnel is al layer 3

Subnels are lore concerned aboul IP addresses.

VLANs bring lore nelwork efficiency

Subnels have weaker securily lhan VLANs as all lhe subnel uses lhe sale physical nelwork

Conlenls of Syslel slale backup

o

Regislry

COL+ Class Regislralion dalabase

Bool fes, including lhe syslel fes

Syslel fes lhal are under Windows Fe Proleclion

Aclive Direclory direclory service (If il is dolain conlroller)

SYSVOL direclory (If il is dolain conlroller)

Clusler service inforlalion (If il is a parl of a clusler)

IIS Leladireclory (If il is an IIS server)

Cerlificale Services dalabase (If il is a cerlificale server)

Increlenlal vs Differenlial backups

14.

15.

16.

Increlenlal backup - Wl lake lhe backup of fes whose archive bils are sel and resels il afler
backup

Differenlial backup - Wl lake lhe backup of fes whose archive bils are sel bul does nol
resel il afler backup

Robocopy
o

Licrosofl lool used for copying fes effeclively

Il has plenly of oplions lo lanage lhe copy process

How do you palch licrosofl applicalions? Frequency of palches released by Licrosofl

o

Lhe Licrosofl applicalions can be palched using WSUS

In WSUS, we can creale several colpuler groups lo lanage lhis palch process.

LS palches are released once in a lonlh

Explain GPO, GPC & GPL

o

GPO - Group Policy Objecl : Refers lo lhe policy lhal is configured al lhe Aclive Direclory
level and is inheriled by lhe dolain lelber colpulers. You can configure a GPO al lhe sile
level, dolain level or OU level. GPO slores policy sellings in lwo localions GPC and GPL

GPO behaviour : Local Policy > Sile GPO > Dolain GPO > OU GPO > Chd OU GPO

GPC - Group Policy Conlainer :Lhis is lhe AD porlion of lhe group policy. Lhis can be
viewed using ADSI edil. Il slores version inforlalion, slalus inforlalion, and olher policy
inforlalion. When you creale a new GPO, an AD objecl of class groupPolicyConlainer gels
crealed under lhe Syslel\Policies conlainer wilhin your AD dolain

GPL - Group Policy Lelplale : Lhe GPL is where lhe GPO slores lhe aclual sellings. Il slores
soflware policy scripl, and deploylenl inforlalion.

GPL is slored in SYSVOL share (\\DolainNaleHere\SYSVOL\Policies) whereas GPC is slored

in lhe AD

17.

Whal is CPU affinily in VLware? Ils ilpacl on DRS?

o

CPU refers lo a logical processor on a hyperlhreaded syslel and refers lo a core on a nonhyperlhreaded syslel

By selling CPU affinily for each VL, you can reslricl lhe assignlenl of VLs lo a subsel of
avaable processors

Lhe lain use of selling CPU affinily is when lhere are display inlensive workloads which
requires addilional lhreads wilh vCPUs.

DRS wl nol work wilh CPU affinily

hllp://frankdennelan.nl/2011/01/11/bealing-a-dead-horse-using-cpu-affinily/

18.

VLversion 4 vs VLversion 7
o

Version 4

i.

Runs on ESX 3.x

ii.

Lax supporled RAL 64 GB

iii.

Lax vCPUs 4

iv.

LS clusler is nol supporled

v.

4 NICs/VL

vi.

No USB Supporl
o

Version 7

Runs on vSphere 4.x

i.

Lax supporled RAL 256 GB

ii.

Lax vCPUs 8

iii.

LS clusler is supporled

iv.

10 NICs/VL

v.

USB supporl

19.

Whal happens lo lhe VLs if a slandalone hosl is laken lo lainlenance lode?

o

In case of slandalone servers , VLware recollends lhal VLs should be powered off before
pulling lhe server in lainlenance lode

If we pul lhe slandalone hosl in lainlenance lode wilhoul powering off lhe VLs, il wl relain
in lhe enlering lainlenance lode slale unl lhe VLs are all shuldown

When all lhe VLs are powered down, lhe hosl slalus changes lo under lainlenance

hllp://pubs.vlware.col/vsphere-4-esxvcenler/index.jsp#using_drs_cluslers_lo_lanage_resources/c_using_lainlenance_lode.hlll

20.

Whal is new in Windows server 2012

o

Server core ilprovelenls: no need of fresh inslallalion, you can add/relove GUI frol server
lanager

Relolely lanage servers , add/relove roles elc using Server lanager-lanage 2008 and 2008
R2 wilh WLF 3.0 inslallalion, inslalled by defaull in Server 2012

Relole server adlinislralion lools avaable for windows 8 lo lanage Windows server 2012
infraslruclure

Powershell v3

Hyper-V 3.0

i.

supporls uplo 64 processors and 1 LB RAL per virlual lachine

ii.

uplo 320 logical hardware processors and 4 LB RAL per hosl

iii.

Shared nolhing live ligralion, love around VLs wilhoul shared slorage

21.

22.

23.

ReFS(Resienl fe syslel), upgraded version of NLFS- supporls larger fe and direclory sizes.
Reloves lhe 255 characler lililalion on long fe nales and palhs, lhe lilil on lhe palh/fenale
size is now 32K characlers!

Ilproved CHKDSK ulily lhal wl fix disk corruplions in lhe background wilhoul disruplion

How does lhe backup soflware recognize lhal a fe has changed since lasl backup?
o

Lhe fes use a bil called archive bil for lracking any change in lhe fe.

Lhe backup soflwares norlally checks lhe archive bil of lhe fe lo delerline whelher lhe fe
has lo be backed up or nol

How can you edil a vl lelplale?

o

Lhe VL lelplales cannol be lodified as such

Firsl , lhe VL lelplale have lo be converled lo a virlual lachine

Afler laking necessary lachines in lhe virlual lachine, converl lhe virlual lachine back lo
lelplale

VLware configuralion laxiluls

o

i.

ESXi 5.1

VLs
1. vCPUs - 64
2. RAL - 1 LB
3. vNICs - 10
4. vldk size - 1LB

ii.

Hosls
1. LUNs - 256
2. LUN size - 64LB
3. Dislribuled vSwilches - 128
4. Porls in a swilch - 4096
5. Logical CPUs - 160
6. Lelory - 2 LB
7. Virlual lachines - 512

i.

ESXi 5.0

VLs
1. vCPUs - 32
2. RAL - 1 LB
3. vNICs - 10
4. vldk size - 1LB

ii.

Hosls
1. LUNs - 256
2. LUN size - 64LB
3. Dislribuled vSwilches - 32
4. Porls in a swilch - 4096
5. Logical CPUs - 160
6. Lelory - 2 LB
7. Virlual lachines - 512

ESXi 4.x

ii.

VLs
1. vCPUs - 8
2. RAL - 255GB
3. vNICs - 10
4. vldk size - 256GB/512GB/1LB/2LB for 1/2/4/8 block sizes

ii.

Hosls
1. LUNs - 256
2. LUN size - 64LB
3. vSwilches - 32
4. Virlual lachines - 320
5. Porls in a swilch - 4096

24.
Whal is lhe lajor difference belween Windows server 2008 and windows server 2012 in lerls of
AD prololion?

In Win 2012, dcprolo has been deprecialed.In Order lo lake a Windows server 2012 lo a dolain
conlroller, lhe ADDS service has lo be inslalled frol lhe server lanager. Afler inslallalion, run lhe posldeploylenl configuralion wizard frol server lanager lo prolole lhe server as AD

25.

VLware hardware version colparison