Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
One way in which a chord sequence can be embellished is with chord substitution, literally
replacing one chord with another. This isnt generally a random affair as the substitute
chord needs to maintain the harmonic integrity of the chord it is replacing.
For example:
It is possible to replace the Cma7 of the original progression with Em7. Harmonically the
Cma7 and the Em7 have similar qualities and depending on the melody this particular
substitution is very common.
C D E F G A B C
The distance between the first note C and the second note D is a major 2nd.
C to E is a major 3rd
C to F is a perfect 4th
C to G is a perfect 5th
C to A is a major 6th
C to B is a major 7th
C to C is a perfect 8th or octave.
An easy way of finding a perfect 5th above a note is to play a note two frets above on the
next string down. This works on the sixth, fifth and fourth and second strings but note the
third as the second string is tuned different. Here it would be two frets higher.
Looking at the chord F7, the root note is F. The note a perfect 5th above F is C, this is the
root of the minor 7th chord we can use as a substitute for F7, it is therefore possible to
play Cm7 as a substitute for F7. Often this kind of substitute is followed by the original
chord.
For example:
The progression has more harmonic movement now and this is a good way of creating
interest to a chord sequence.
Another benefit of this technique is in creating smoother chord melody runs by alternating
either the original dominant chord or its substitute minor 7th chord.
For example here is a run which can be played over a G7 chord:
The note a perfect 5th above G is D giving us the option of playing a Dm7 chord as well as
G7. The run alternates between Dm7 and G7 giving the opportunity to play a harmonised
scale run while the underlying harmony remains as G7.
The lick discussed in the podcast uses the above technique to create a useful bluesy
chord melody lick which can be used in many applications.
The above lick fits over F7 and resolves on to Bb7 fitting rather well with bars 10 and 11 in
a Bb blues sequence.
As weve just discussed it is possible to play Cm7 as a substitute for F7. The start of the
lick is based on Cm7 played in three different inversions.
Its very easy to get over analytical here and start looking at them as Cm9 and Cm7sus4.
Melody notes are often added to chords, particularly in chord melody playing and while it is
a really good thing to have a complete understanding of the harmony (it should be a goal
to achieve this) often it is more practical and more musical to see these as simpler shapes
with additional notes added which is invariably how they were conceived.
The next chord is F13 which is approached by F#13 as a chromatic approach chord. You
can approach any chord or note from one fret above or below. This is a device used a lot
in soloing as well as chord playing.
The Bb7 is played as Bb9. Here the root note is omitted. It is possible to omit notes and
still maintain all the relevant tonality of the chord. The 5th is often dropped from chords,
particularly dominant chords. This will be covered in much more detail later.
It would be a good idea to learn the lick in different keys and feel free to adapt it. Also try
using the minor 7th substitution in other situations.