PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK

SPM

BIOLOGY
MODULE 1
CELL STRUCTURE

ORGANISED BY:

JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI PULAU PINANG

Topic 2 Cell structure and cell organisation

Animal cell and Plant cell

Centrioles
Mitochondrion
Plasma
membrane

Cromosom
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Nuclear membrane

Vesicle

Animal Cell

Mitochondrion
Cell wall
Vacuole
Nuclear membrane
Plasma
Membrane

Cromosom
Nucleolus
Nucleus

Chloroplast

Plant cell

Cell Structure and Function

Structure

Function

(a)

Plasma
membrane
(b) Cytoplasm

Controls movement of substances in and out of cell

(c) Nucleus

controls all cell activity

(d) Endoplasmic

transports proteins and lipids

(e) Ribosomes

Synthesis protein

(f) Mitochondria

site for energy synthesis

(g) Golgi apparatus

completes the synthesis of glycoproteins,hormones and

polysaccharides

(h) Lysosomes

destroy worn out organelles within the cell

(i) Centrioles

involve in cell division

(j) Vacuole

keeps cell sap

(k) Chloroplast

site for photosynthesis

(l) Cell wall

Gives shape and support to the cell

medium for reactions in the cell

Differences between animal cells and plant cells.

Animal cells
1) Usually smaller in size
2) Do not have a fixed shape
3) Do not have cell walls
4)Do not have chloroplasts
5) Do not have vacuoles. If present,
vacuoles are usually small and
numerous
6) Carbohydrate is stored in the form of
glycogen
7) Have centrioles

Plant cells
Usually bigger in size
Have a fixed shape
Have cell walls
All green plants have chloroplasts
which contain chlorophyll
Have a large central vacuole
Carbohydrate is stored in the form of
starch
Do not have centrioles

ACTIVITY 1

Label the diagram with the correct terms given below.

Centrioles

Plasma membrane

Mitochondrion

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi appratus

A-

E-

B-

F-

CGDHAnimal cell
ACTIVITY 2
Label the diagram with the correct terms given below.
Vacuole

Cell wall

Nucleus

Mitochondrion

Chloroplast

Golgi apparatus

Tonoplast

Plasma membrane

A-

E-

B-

F-

CGD-

HPlant cell

ACTIVITY 3

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate answers.

1. All living organisms are made up of functioning units called
__________________.
2. _________________ are structures that perform specific functions within
the cell.
3. The __________________________ is semi-permeable and acts as
a selective barrier. It regulates the movement of substances into and out
of the cytoplasm.
4. A _______________________ gives shape to a plant cell and provides
mechanical support for the plant cell.
5. ______________________ contains organic and inorganic substances
and acts as a medium for biochemical reactions in the cell.
6. The cell ______________________ controls cell activities.
7. The ____________________ stores sugar and salt solutions which is
also known as ______________________.
8. The ____________________ is a site for energy generation.
9. Synthesis of proteins, such as enzymes, takes place in the
_________________.
10. The ______________________________ transports proteins made by
the ribosomes.
11. _______________________________ is the site of important metabolic
reactions,including synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs and
poisons.
12. The __________________________ collects chemicals produced by the
cell and covers them with membrane to form secretory granules.
13. _________________ break down damaged organelles and help the cell
renew itself.
14. _________________ form spindle microtubules during cell division in
animal cells
15. The ___________________ has chlorophyll which performs
photosynthesis.
ASSESSMENT

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Protoplasm is composed of
A cytoplasm and nucleus
B cytoplasm and plasma membrane
C plasma membrane and nucleus
D cytoplasm, nucleus and plasma membrane
2. Which are the basic components of a cell
I plasma membrane
II mitochondrion
III nucleus
IV cytoplasm
A I , II and III
B I , III and IV
C II , III and IV
D I , II , III and IV
3. Which of the following organelles contains chromosomes?
A Nucleus
B Ribosomes
C Mitochondrion
D Golgi apparatus
4. Figure 1(i) and Figure 1(ii) below show the structures of an amoeba and
a plant cell.

Figure 1(i)

Figure 1(ii)

Which of the structures on Figure 1(i) and Figure 1(ii) have the same
function?
A W and P
B X and Q
C Y and R
D Z and S

Figure 2
5. Which cell does not posses the organelle shown in Figure 2?
A Guard cell
B Epidermal cell
C Spongy mesophyll cell
D Palisade mesophyll cell
6. The following information refers to organelle Y.
Found in large numbers in sperm
Functions as a site to generate energy
(ATP)
What is organelle Y?
A Nucleus
B Ribosome
C Mitochondrion
D Golgi apparatus
7. Which of the following organelles are found in both plant and animal cells?
I Centrioles
II Mitochondria
III Golgi apparatus
IV Endoplasmic reticulum
A I and III
B I , II and III
C I , II and IV
D II , III and IV
8. Which of the following are characteristics of an animal cell?
I Irregular shape
II Big vacuole
III Presence of starch grains
IV No cell wall
A I and II
C I , II and III
B I and IV
D II , III and IV

Figure 3 shows a plant cell.

Figure 3
9. Which can be found in X?
A Water
B Starch suspension
C Sugar and mineral salts solution
D Air
10. Which of these statements is true about cells?
A Animal cells have cell walls
B Animal cells have large vacuoles
C Plant cells store food in the form of glycogen
D Plants cells do not have centrioles
STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
1. Figure 1 shows two cells, X and Y.

(a) Identify cell X and cell Y.

X : ________________________

Y : _______________________
( 2 marks )

(b) State three characteristics which enable you to differentiate Y and X.

(i) __________________________________________________________
(ii) __________________________________________________________
(iii) __________________________________________________________
( 3 marks )
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(c) Name the following parts:

(i) P : _______________________________________________________
(ii) R : _______________________________________________________
(iiI) S : _______________________________________________________
( 3 marks )
(d) What is the importance of Q to cell Y ?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
( 2 marks )
(e) Predict what happens to cell if organelle P is absent ?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
( 2 marks )

ESSAY

A plant cell is examined under high magnification using a microscope.

1. (a) Draw a plant cell and label all its parts clearly.

( 5 marks )

(b) State the differences between plant and animal cells.

( 5 marks )

ANSWER KEY
ACTIVITY 1
A Nucleus
B Mitochondrion
C Centrioles
D Plasma membrane

E Ribosomes
F Endoplasmic reticulum
G Cytoplasm
H Golgi apparatus

ACTIVITY 2
A Golgi apparatus
B Chloroplast
C Vacuole
D Cell wall

E Mitochondrion
F Tonoplast
G Nucleus
H Plasma membrane

ACTIVITY 3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Cells
Organelles
Plasma membrane
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Vacuole , cell sap
Mitochondrion

9. Ribosomes
10. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
11. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
12. Golgi apparatus
13. Lysosomes
14. Centrioles
15. Chloroplast

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A
B
A
D
B

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

C
D
B
C
D

STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
1 (a) X Animal cell

Y Plant cell

(b) (i) A plant cell has cell wall

(ii) A plant cell has large vacuole
(iii) A plant cell has chloroplast
(c) (i) P Mitochondrion

(ii) R Nucleus

(iii) S Chloroplast

(d) Q is a vacuole. It controls the osmotic balance and the turgor pressure in
a cell. This is important especially to the herbaceous plants, which depend
on turgidity for support.

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(e) Organelle P is a mitochondrion, which is a site for generating energy.

Energy is required for cell activities such as cell division, excretion and
respiration. If there is no organelle P , cell activities will stop.
ESSAY QUESTION.
1 (a) Functional diagram : Cell wall , vacuole , chloroplasts
and mitochondrion

2 marks

Label : Cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts,

nucleus and mitochondrion.
4 5 correct =
2 3 correct =
< 3 correct =

3 marks
2 marks
1 mark
( 5 marks )

(b) Differences between animal cells and plant cells.

Animal cells
1) Usually smaller in size
2) Do not have a fixed shape
3) Do not have cell walls
4)Do not have chloroplasts
5) Do not have vacuoles. If present,
vacuoles are usually small and
numerous
6) Carbohydrate is stored in the form of
glycogen
7) Have centrioles

Plant cells
Usually bigger in size
Have a fixed shape
Have cell walls
All green plants have chloroplasts
which contain chlorophyll
Have a large central vacuole

1/0
1/0
1/0
1/0
1/0

Carbohydrate is stored in the form of

starch
1/0
Do not have centrioles
1/0
Maximum : 5 marks

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