CIF

incoterms 2010
Passing of risks and costs

INCOTERMS
Code

FAS

Seller 1
2

3 Cargo customs 4 Customs

Terminal

EX Works ( named place)

7 Cargo
Terminal

8 Buyer

FOB
EXW

risks
costs

Free CArrier ( named place)

CFR
FCA

risks
costs

Carriage Paid To (named place of destination)

CIF
CPT

risks
costs

Carriage and Insurance Paid to (named place of destination)

CIP

all modes of transport

risks
costs

Delivered At Terminal ( named place)

DAT

risks
costs

Delivered At Place (named place)

DAP

risks
costs

Delivered Duty Paid (named place of destination)

DDP

EXW
INCOTERMS
Incoterms
Code
Code

FCA

Seller 1
2

3 Cargo customs 4 Customs

Terminal

7 Cargo
Terminal

8 Buyer

Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment)

FAS
CIP

risks
costs

sea and inland

waterway transport

Free On Board (named port of shipment)

FOB
DAT

risks
costs

Cost and FReight (named port of destination)

CFR
DAP

risks
costs

Cost, Insurance and Freight (named port of destination)

CIF
DDP

risks
costs

Risks
The possibility that an event may occur
which could cause loss of or damage to
the goods is a risk. Buyers and / or sellers
can protect themselves against risks by
transport-insurance.

CPT

Costs
Covers all costs except costs of
documents. Sales and purchase
contracts should clearly state which
costs on transfer of the goods are for
account of buyer and / or seller.

Remark: For detailed explanation reference is made to ICC publication INCOTERMS 2010

NACORA International Insurance Brokers

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EXW

INCOTERMS 2010
Incoterms 2010, the latest version of international rules for interpreting standard forms common in foreign trade
contracts, entered into force worldwide on January 1, 2011. The 11 clauses in international trade are a guide and
define the main responsibilities of buyers and sellers in international sales contracts. The Incoterms are acknowledged in courts worldwide.
The probably most common Incoterms are EXW (EX Works named place), FOB (Free On Board named port of
shipment), CIF (Cost, Insurance, Freight named port of destination) and CPT (Carriage Paid To named place of
destination).
By referring to Incoterms 2010, the obligations of the seller and buyer will be clearly defined so the risk of legal
complications can be minimized.
Incoterms 2010 equates electronic communication with hardcopy communication. Furthermore, Incoterms
regulate the obligations of the seller and the buyer in obtaining security-relevant clearances of the merchandise.
Incoterms 2010 includes two new clauses, DAT (Delivered At Terminal at the port or place of destination) and
DAP (Delivered At Place of destination). The terms DAF, DES, DEQ and DDU were deleted.
If Incoterms 2010 applies to a transaction you are dealing with, the ICC recommends that the contract partners
should expressively should stress so.. Below please find examples of the correct practice of Incoterms.
FCA place and address (e.g. 123, Holiday Street, 34 567 Raleigh, North Carolina, USA) Incoterms 2010
FOB port (e.g. Antwerp / Belgium) Incoterms 2010
DAP place, address and business name (e.g. Singapore, Cecil Street. 5, Marks Ltd.) Incoterms 2010
Incoterms 2010 are differentiated into 2 groups:
Group 1 (applicable to any mode of transport)
EXW Ex Works (named place of delivery). The seller only makes the goods available to the buyer at his own
premises.
FCA - Free Carrier (named place of delivery). The seller has to deliver the goods to a carrier which is named by
the buyer.
CPT - Carriage Paid To (named place of destination) and CIP Carriage And Insurance Paid To (named place of
destination). The seller has to arrange for the carriage to the named destination without bearing the risks of loss
of and/or damage to the goods or additional costs due to events occurring after acceptance the goods.
DAT - Delivered At Terminal (named terminal at port or place of destination) The seller bears all costs and risks to
the named "Terminal" including discharge.
DAP - Delivered At Place (named place of destination). The seller bears all costs and risks up to the named place,
excluding discharge.
DDP - Delivered Duty Paid (named place of destination). The seller bears all costs and risks until the goods
arrival at the named place of destination including all taxes and customs formalities, not unloaded.
Group 2 (applicable only to sea and inland waterway transports)
FAS - Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment) and FOB - Free On Board (named port of shipment).
The seller is obliged to hand over the goods to a carrier named by the buyer.
CFR - Cost And Freight (named port of destination), CIF - Cost, Insurance And Freight (named port of destination). The seller has to arrange for the carriage and to bear the costs up to the port of destination.
FAS - Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment) The seller bears the costs and risks to free alongside ship
at the named port of shipment.
FOB - Free On Board (named port of shipment), CFR - Cost And Freight (named port of destination) and CIF
(Cost, Insurance And Freight) (named port of destination). The seller bears the risks for loss and damage only until
the loading of the cargo on the ship in the port of departure is completed.
______________________
In order to be protected against losses arising from cargo damages or loss of cargo, we recommend purchasing
in advance a Transportation-Cargo-Insurance policy at required terms and conditions to cover buyers and/or
sellers responsibilities under the contract of sale in accordance with the agreed Incoterms. Only Cargo insurance
can adequately protect buyers and sellers interests.
NACORA is a specialist marine insurance broker who can provide you with cargo insurance solutions that are
tailored to your needs.
You are very welcome to contact any NACORA office for an individual insurance analysis.

NACORA International Insurance Brokers

mailto: info@nacora.com, www.nacora.com