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Cross sections and user section meshes may be saved and stored in cross section library files. You may assign
beam cross sections as attributes of a line using the LATT command. These section definitions will be
incorporated into the generated beam elements when the line is meshed with either BEAM188 or BEAM189.
Purpose
PRSSOL
SECTYPE
Main Menu>Preprocessor>Sections>-Beam-Common
Sectns
Main Menu>Preprocessor>Sections>-Beam-Read Sect
Mesh
SECDATA
Main Menu>Preprocessor>Sections>-Beam-Common
Sectns
Main Menu>Preprocessor>Sections>-Beam-Common
Sectns
SECOFFSET
Main Menu>Preprocessor>Sections>-Beam-Read Sect
Mesh
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SECNUM
Main Menu>Preprocessor>-Attributes-DefineDefault
Attribs
Main Menu>Preprocessor>-ModelingCreate>Elements>Elem Attributes
SECPLOT
SECWRITE
/SECLIB
Main Menu>Preprocessor>Sections>Section
Library>Library Path
SECREAD
Main Menu>Preprocessor>Sections>Section
Library>Import Library
Main Menu>Preprocessor>Sections>-Beam-Read Sect
Mesh
SLIST
SDELETE
For complete documentation of the cross section commands, see the ANSYS Commands Reference.
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Use the SECDATA command to define the geometry of a cross section. The following command assigns
dimensions to the cross section defined by SECTYPE. The CSOLID subtype has two dimensions: the radius
and the number of cells along its circumference:
Command(s):
SECDATA, 4, 6
GUI:
Main Menu>Preprocessor>Sections>-Beam-Common Sectns
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the orientation of the cross section with respect to the beam element axis. For detailed information
about orientation nodes and beams, see Section 7.5.2 of the ANSYS Modeling and Meshing Guide
the cross section ID to be assigned to the generated beam elements
Issue the LATT command to associate these attributes with the selected, unmeshed line:
Command(s):
LATT, MAT, , TYPE, , KB, , SECNUM
GUI:
Main Menu>Preprocessor>-Attributes-Define>Picked Lines
MAT
The material number to be associated with the selected, unmeshed lines.
TYPE
The type number to be associated with the selected, unmeshed lines.
KB
Corresponds to any keypoint number in the model. All beam elements generated will have their beam section
oriented such that the beam z-axis will lie in the plane defined by two beam end nodes and this keypoint
number.
SECNUM
Corresponds to the beam section defined by the SECTYPE command with the section ID number as given
by the SECNUM.
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The top part of the beam tool relates a section ID number with a subtype (and, optionally, a section name)
[SECTYPE]. The middle of the beam tool defines the section offset information, if needed [SECOFFSET].
The bottom contains the fields for section geometry information [SECDATA]. The dimensions defined by
the SECDATA command are determined by the subtype selected. For documentation of each variant of the
Beam Tool, press the Help button on the Beam Tool after you have selected a subtype. The subtype
dimensions are also documented in the SECDATA command.
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4. Set the number of line divisions for all lines (Main Menu>Preprocessor> -Meshing-Size Cntrls>-LinesPicked Lines or use the Mesh Tool). Don't forget that the number of cells in the model may not exceed 25.
5. Select Main Menu>Preprocessor>Sections>-Beam-Write Sec Mesh. The Real Cells picking box
appears.
Figure 8-4 Real Cells Picking Box
6. Pick the area of the real cell. ANSYS displays the following question:
Does this section have holes?
If the model does not have holes, select OK and skip to Step 8. If it does have holes, select Yes and OK
to continue.
7. Pick the area of the pseudo cells (holes) and select OK.
8. ANSYS creates cells on the areas. ANSYS may display bad shape messages during the mesh-these
messages can be ignored. However, you may see an "Unable to mesh area...." message. If you do, clear the
elements from all areas (Main Menu>Preprocessor>-Meshing-Clear> Areas) and repeat steps 4-6.
9. Once ANSYS finishes meshing the model, the Boundary Lines dialog box appears. Select the outer lines of
the real areas in the Graphics Window and click on OK to continue.
10. Write the .SECT file out to a unique name in the Write Section Library File dialog box and click on OK.
If you defined too many line divisions in Step 4, the number of cells and nodes exceeds the limit. Clear the
elements from all areas (Main Menu> Preprocessor>-Meshing-Clear >Areas) and repeat Steps 4-8 until
you have a valid number of cells and nodes.
11. Read in the user mesh file (Main Menu>Preprocessor>Sections> -Beam-Read Sect Mesh).
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Note-Even if you have already set LESIZE, you will see the following message:
Line element sizes may need to be specified for desired cross-section mesh. Please refer
to the LESIZE command.
If you have already set the line element size, click on the Close button to continue. If you have not already set
it, issue LESIZE with the appropriate information.
The SECPLOT command cannot plot MESH or ASEC subtypes.
Chapter 7 of ANSYS Structural Analysis Guide documents buckling analysis in detail. This sample problem
shows what happens when a cantilever beam is subjected to a concentrated end load, which causes lateraltorsional buckling.
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study. The objective is to determine the critical value of the end load (indicated by P in Figure 8-6) at which
the beam undergoes a bifurcation indicated by a large displacement in the lateral direction.
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The nonlinear collapse analysis must be performed on a structure with imperfections built in to the model,
since a perfect model will not show signs of buckling. You can add imperfections by using eigenvectors that
result from an eigenvalue buckling analysis. The eigenvector determined is the closest estimate of the actual
mode of buckling. The imperfections added should be small when compared to a typical thickness of the
beam being analyzed. The imperfections remove the sharp discontinuity in the load-deflection response. It is
customary to use one to ten percent of the beam/shell thickness as the maximum imperfection introduced.
The UPGEOM command adds displacements from a previous analysis and updates the geometry to the
deformed configuration.
Apply
100.0
Apply
50
OK
2. Create a straight line through keypoints 1 and 2. Choose menu path Main Menu>Preprocessor>Modeling-Create>-Lines-Lines>Straight Line. The Create Straight Line picking dialog box appears. Select
keypoints 1 and 2 in the Graphics window and choose OK on the Create Straight Line dialog box.
3. Save the model. Choose menu path Utility Menu>File>Save As. Enter buckle.db in the Save Database to
box and choose OK.
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1. Choose menu path Main Menu>Preprocessor>Element Type> Add/Edit/Delete. The Element Types
dialog box appears.
2. Click on Add... The Library of Element Types dialog box appears.
3. In the scroll box on the left, click on "Structural Beam" to select it.
4. In the scroll box on the right, click on "3D finite strain, 3 node 189" to select BEAM189.
5. Click on OK, and then click on Close in the Element Types dialog box.
6. Define a rectangular cross section for the beam. Choose menu path Main
Menu>Preprocessor>Sections>-Beam-Common Sectns. The Beam Tool is displayed. ANSYS sets the
section ID to 1, and the subtype to RECT (signified by a rectangle on the subtype button) by default. Since
you will be creating a rectangular cross section, there is no need to change the subtype.
7. In the lower half of the beam tool, you'll see a diagram of the cross section shape with dimension variables
labeled. Enter the width of the cross section, 0.2, in the box labeled B. Enter the height of the cross section,
5.0, in the box labeled H. Choose OK to set the cross section dimensions.
8. List the properties of the current cross section. Choose menu path Main
Menu>Preprocessor>Sections>List Sections. ANSYS selects section ID 1 by default. Choose OK to
display the cross section information. Once you've verified the information, choose Close to close the SLIST
window.
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9. Save the model. Choose menu path Utility Menu>File>Save As. If the buckle.db file is not already
selected, select it. Select OK, and when ANSYS prompts you if you want to overwrite the existing file,
choose OK.
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Results>Deformed Shape. The Plot Deformed Shape dialog box appears. Select Def + undef edge and
choose OK.
18. Choose menu path Main Menu>Finish.
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3. When the Add Time-History Variable window appears, be sure the Nodal DOF result option is selected.
Choose OK.
4. The Define Nodal Data picking dialog box appears. In the Graphics window, pick node 2 (the end node on
the right side of the beam) and choose OK.
5. The Define Nodal Data window appears. Be sure the Ref number of variable and Node number are both set
to 2. Enter TIPLATDI in the User-specified label box. Select Translation UZ from the menu and choose OK.
6. Define the total reaction force to be read from the results file. Choose Add from the Defined Time-History
Variables window.
7. When the Add Time-History Variable window appears, choose the Reaction forces radio button then
choose OK.
8. The Define Reaction Force picking box appears. Pick the end node on the left side of the beam and choose
OK.
9. The Define Reaction Force Variable window appears. Be sure the Ref number of variable is set to 3 and
Node number is set to 1. Select Struct Force FY from the menu and choose OK. Choose Close to close the
Defined Time-History Variable dialog box.
10. Choose menu path Main Menu>TimeHist Postpro>Math Operations> Multiply. In the Multiply
Time-History Variables window, enter 4 in the Reference number for result box, -1.0 in the 1st Factor box
and 3 in the 1st Variable box. Click on OK.
11. Display the X variable. Choose menu path Main Menu>TimeHist Postpro>Settings>Graph. Enter 2 in
the Single variable no. box, choose the single variable button and choose OK.
12. Plot the load versus deflection curve to confirm the critical load calculated by the eigenvalue method.
Choose menu path Main Menu>TimeHist PostPro>Graph Variables. Enter 4 in the 1st variable to graph
box.
13. List the variables versus time. Choose menu path Main Menu>TimeHist PostPro>List Variables. Enter
2 in the 1st variable to list box and 4 in the 2nd variable box and click on OK.
14. Check the values in the PRVAR Command window to see how they compare against the values generated
by the eigenvalue buckling analysis. Close the PRVAR Command window.
15. Choose menu path Main Menu>Finish.
16. In the ANSYS Toolbar, click on Quit.
17. Choose a save option and click on OK.
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Here is the input file for the problem described in the previous section:
/GRAPHICS,POWER
/GST,ON
/SHOW,BUCKLE,GRPH
/PREP7
K,1,0,0,0,
K,2,100.0,0,0,
K,3,50,5,0,
LSTR,
1,
2
ET,1,BEAM189
SECTYPE,
1, BEAM, RECT,
SECDATA, 0.2, 5.0
SLIST,
1,
1, ,
MP,EX,1,1E4
MP,NUXY,1,0.0
LSEL,S, , , 1, 1, 1
LATT,1, ,1,0,
3, ,1
LESIZE, all, , ,10
SECNUM,1
LMESH,all
/VIEW,,1,1,1
/ESHAPE,1
EPLOT
DK,1, , , ,0,ALL, ,
FK,2,FY,1.0
FINISH
/SOLU
PSTRES,ON
EQSLV,SPARSE
SOLVE
FINISH
/SOLU
ANTYPE,BUCKLE
BUCOPT,LANB,4
MXPAND,4,,,YES
SOLVE
FINISH
/POST1
/ESHAPE,1
/VIEW, 1 ,1,1,1
/ANG, 1
SET,LIST
SET,1,1
PLDISP,2
FINISH
/PREP7
UPGEOM,0.002,1,1,file,rst
/SOLU
ANTYPE,STATIC
OUTRES,ALL,ALL
NLGEOM,ON
ARCLEN,ON,25,0.0001
ARCTRM,U,1.0,2,UZ
NSUBST,10000
SOLVE
FINISH
/POST26
NSOL,2,2,U,Z,TIPLATDI
RFORCE,3,1,F,Y,
PROD,4,3, , , , , ,-1.0,1,1,
XVAR,2
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PLVAR,4
PRVAR,2,4
FINISH
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