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E-ISSN 0976-3945
Research Paper
STUDY OF WIND LOAD EFFECTS ON TALL RC CHIMNEYS
B. Siva Konda Reddy1 V.Rohini Padmavathi 2 Ch. Srikanth3
Wind is essentially the large scale movement of free air due to thermal currents. It plays an important role in design of tall
structures because it exerts static and dynamic loads whose effects on a slender structure, such as a chimney are significant.
The wind load exerted at any point on a chimney can be considered as the sum of quasistatic and a dynamic load component.
This paper presents the Study of along and across wind effects on a 275m tall RCC lined chimneys for Ist & VIth wind zones
of India and the results indicate that in shell completed condition, for zone I (i.e basic wind speed 33m/s) across winds are
governing and for highest wind zone of VI (i.e basic wind speed 55m/s), along wind loads are governing rather than the
across wind loads. The analysis is carried out using STAAD PRO &MS excel spread sheets.
KEYWORDS RCC Chimney, Along & across wind, Vortex shedding, Different methods, Wind zones, Natural frequency.
1. INTRODUCTION:
A chimney is a system for venting hot flue gases or
smoke from a boiler, stove, furnace or fireplace to the
outside atmosphere. They are typically almost
vertical to ensure that the hot gases flow smoothly,
drawing air into the combustion through the chimney
effect. Chimneys are tall to increase their draw of air
for combustion and to disperse the pollutants in flue
gases over a greater area in order to reduce the
pollutant concentrations in compliance with
regulatory or other limits. The first industrial
chimneys were built in the mid 17th century when it
was first understood how they could improve the
combustion of a furnace by increasing the draft of air
into the combustion zone. As such, they played an
important part in the development of refractory
furnaces and a coal-based metallurgical industry, one
of the key sectors of the early Industrial Revolution.
Most 18th century industrial chimneys generally
located adjacent to a steam-generating boiler or
industrial furnace and the gases are carried to it with
ductwork. Chimneys with height exceeding 150 m
are considered as tall chimneys. However it is not
only a matter of height but also the aspect ratio when
it comes to classifying a chimney as tall. Today,
Reinforced Concrete is the dominant material used
for the construction of tall chimneys and for short
chimneys precast concrete with or without pre
stressing, Modern industrial chimneys consists of a
concrete windshield with a number of steel stacks on
the inside.
Wind is essentially the large-scale movement of free
air due to thermal currents. It plays an important role
in chimney design because of its capacity to transport
and disperse pollutants and also because it exerts
static and dynamic loads whose effects on a slender
structure, such as a chimney, are significant. It is very
difficult to predict wind effects precisely by
analytical procedures because of winds uncertain
variability and therefore a designer is forced to use
approximate design techniques.
2. OBJECTIVE:
The main objective of this paper is to get the
comparative study of along and across wind effects
IJAET/Vol.III/ Issue II/April-June, 2012/92-97
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oi =
d z zi d z
0
(5)
2
zi
K si =
2m ei . s
.d 2
(6)
mei =
2 dz
zi
s
H
(7)
zi
oi =
1 . 25 C L d Hi d
2 S n2
{ ( L ) / 2 ( I + 2 )
m ei
[1 / H
2
zi
d z ]( k a d
/ m ei
(9)
oi= peak tip deflection due to vortex shedding in the ith
mode of vibration
CL = RMS lift coefficient to be taken as 0.12
L = Correlation length in diameters, which may be taken
as 1.0 in the absence of field data.
Ka= Aero dynamic damping coefficient to be taken as 0.5
Fzoi = 4 2 f12 oi m z zi d z
(9)
zo
Where
dz
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Vcri =
f1d
Sn
(8)
(10)
zo
Where
f1= natural frequency of the chimney in Hz in the mode of
vibration
mz= mass per unit length of the chimney at section z in
kg/m
f1 =
S nV
d co
(11)
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TABLE 1- Comparison of wind load effects for I and VI wind zones for a 275m tall RCC chimney
S.NO
DESCRIPTION
At top
ZONE I
Critical
section
At bottom
At top
ZONE VI
Critical
section
At bottom
Basic speed(m/s)
33
55
1274
1194
685
3744
3512
2014
Shear force(kN)
15
1440
4060
13
4240
11920
69430
595960
204030
1751390
Deflection (mm)
166
72
213
487
Shear force(kN)
Deflection (mm)
837
767
356
2461
2255
1045
1600
4120
5950
14430
78590
631130
293070
2278260
190
88
698
321
Shear force(kN)
Deflection (mm)
Across wind(Random response
method)
Shear force(kN)
Deflection (mm)
150
2970
4140
15
2970
4140
179990
865670
179990
865670
326
139
326
122.50
1860
2580
9.13
1860
2580
112490
541040
112490
541040
204
87
204
87
Figure-3 Variation of shear force for different methods along height in wind Zone I
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Figure-4 Variation of Bending moment for different methods along height in wind Zone I
Figure-5 Variation of Chimney Deflection for different methods along height in wind Zone I
Figure-6 Variation of shear force for different methods along height in wind Zone VI
Figure-7 Variation of Bending moment for different methods along height in wind Zone VI
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.
Figure-8 Variation of Chimney Deflection for different methods along height in wind Zone VI
REFERENCES
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