GROUP MEMBERS :

MATRIX NUMBER :

YEE CHENG LENG

CF130154

ABDUL JALIL BIN MOHAMED

CF130161

SITI LIYANA AQILA BINTI A.AZIZ

CF130263

FAZILAH BINTI JASMI

CF130021

UMMI MADIHAH BINTI MUHAMMAD FAUZI ANUAR

CF130153

1.0

INTRODUCTION

Space frames are three-dimensional lattice-type structures that span in more

than one direction. In architecture and structural engineering, a space frame or space
structure is a truss-like, lightweight rigid structure constructed from interlocking struts
in a geometric pattern. Space frames can be used to span large areas with few interior
supports. Like the truss, a space frame is strong because of the inherent rigidity of the
triangle; flexing loads (bending moments) are transmitted as tension and compression
loads along the length of each strut.
Flexibility is a feature of space fame design allowing for ease in modifying, decommissioning, moving or storing the structure. The depth of a space frame is
generally 4 to 8% of its span. To effectively utilize the two-way spanning capability of
a space frame, the aspect (length-to-width) ratio should generally not exceed 1.5:1.0.
For a, 1.5:1.0 ratio, about 70% of the gravity loads are carried by the short span. Types
of members used for space frames may be structural steel hot-rolled shapes, or round
or rectangular tubes, or cold-formed steel sections. Many space frames are capable of
utilizing two or more different member types.

2.0

OBJECTIVE

To verify member forces obtain from experiment with tension coefficient method.

3.0

LEARNING OUTCOME

Application of theoritical engineering knowledge through practical

application.

To enhance the technical competency in structural engineering through

laboratory application.

Communicate effectively in group.

To identify problem, solving and finding out appropriate solution through

laboratory application.

4.0

THEORY
If the members of a truss system is situated not in a two dimensional plane, then

the truss is defined as a space frame truss. In other words, space truss has components in
three axis i.e. x, y and z.

Consider a member with node A (xA,yA) and B (xB,yB).

B(xB,yB)
TAB

A(xA,yA)
X
Assume the force in the member is TAB (+ve tension) and length LAB
Definition of tension coefficient (t),

tAB = TAB / LAB

At A, the horizontal component TAB is:

TABcos = tABLABcos / LAB = tABLAB (xB-XA)
= tAB (xB-xA)
Used the same method, the vertical component at A is:

= tAB(yB yA)
At B, the horizontal component TAB = tAB(xA-xB)
Vertical component TAB=tAB(yA-yB)
Using statics, write the equation for each joint using the coordinate value and solve for t.
Convert it into force using:
TAB = tABLAB = tAB (xB-xA)2 + (yB-yA)2

5.0

APPARATUS

APPARATUS OF SPACE FRAME.

6.0

PROCEDURES

Part 1:
1. 10N of weight is selected.
2. Distance a=500 mm been ensured and load hanger placed on D.
3. The distance b, c and d was measured and recorded in Table 1.
4. The dynamometer readings was recorded for members S1, S2, and S3.
5. Step 2 to step 4 was repeated with the different value of a.
6. The theoretical member forces been calculated and recorded it in Table 1.

Part 2:
1. For part 2, 450mm distance was used for a.
2. The hanger was placed on D.
3. The distance b, c and d was measured and the dynamometer readings for
member S1, S2 and S3 was recorded in Table 2.
4. A load of 5N was placed on the hanger and the dynamometer readings been
recorded.
5. Step 2 to 4 was repeated by using different load.
6. Table 2 is completed by calculated the theoretical member value.
7. Lastly, the graph of force against load for the theoretical and experimental
results were plotted.