Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
In this type of levelling, the undulation of the ground surface along a predetermined line is
determined.
Plotting the profile:
To plot the profile, a horizontal line is first drawn as a datum line and the chainage of the staff
points are marked along this line to a convenient scale. Perpendicular lines are then drawn at
each plotted chainage, and on each of these lines, the respective level are set off. The plotted
points are then joined by the straight lines to obtain the outline of the ground surface. The
horizontal scale used in potting the distances of the point is the same as that of the plan, but the
vertical scale used in plotting the level is always exaggerated i.e. larger than the horizontal scale.
(For the purpose to make the inequalities more apparent.).The datum and ground lines are drawn
in black ink and the ordinate shown as thin blue lines.
Profile levelling
1025
1020
R.Level
1015
1010
1005
1000
995
990
Chainage of road
Working profile:
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
1000
1015
1010
1020
1012
1008
990
998
1002
1007
After the design of an engineering scheme is made a working profile is prepared for the use of
the construction engineer. It exhibits:
Having plotted the longitudinal section (profile), the new work is shown by means of two
parallel lines, the lower one being marked formation level and the upper one finished surface
line. The formation line is usually shown in red indicate the formation i.e. the level to which the
earth work will have to be carried out, while the finished surface lien in blue denotes the level of
the road surface. The original ground surfaces are made in black. The gradients are figured
boldly, the limits of each arrow against the ordinate drawn in red.
Cross sectioning:
These are the sections run at right angle to the centre line and on either side for the purpose of
determining the lateral outline of the ground surface. For this purpose, they are taken at 30 m
station on the centre line. The length of the section depends upon the nature of the work. They
are taken by eye, if short, but taken with optical square or theodolite if they are long, or
sometime 3, 4,5 method is also used to set out the cross sections.
25L, 1001
0 C, 1000
0
RD=0+00
25 C, 1002
0
0.5
1.5
RD= 0+25
2.5
3.5
25L, 1005.5
50C, 1005
0.5
25R, 1005
1.5
2.5
3.5
25R, 1009
25L, 1007
100C, 1006
0.5
1.5
RD= 1+00
References;
Kanetker Volume I
2.5
3.5