84

Gold Necklace, Vani, mid-5th century B.C.

kavkasionidan gamomdinare mraval nakaduls

Semdeg erT-erT yvelaze dramatul personaJad

uCinari oqros qviSa Camoaqvs. adgilobrivi

iqca evropul kulturaSi _ rom ara kolxeTis

macxovreblebi mdinareSi sqelmatyliani cxvris

arqeologiuri aRmoCenebi, yovelive es mxolod

tyavebs deben da agroveben qviSas, romelic

argonavtebis miTad darCeboda, romelic

am tyavze rCeba. albaT, amgvarive iyo aietis

mraval cnobil literaturul nawarmoebsa da

sawmisic (apaine, miTridates omebi). berZeni

xelovnebis nimuSs daedo safuZvlad. swored im

da romaeli mwerlebis mier aRwerili oqros

periodSi, roca argonavtebis miTiuri laSqroba

mopovebis es wesi dRemde Semoinaxa saqarTveloSi,

ivaraudeba, e. i. Zv. w. II aTaswleulis meore

kerZod, svaneTSi. oqros sawmisi, romlis

naxevarSi, iseTi kultura, rogoric dasavleT

mosapoveblad iasonis meTaurobiT eladis

saqarTvelos teritoriazea gamovlenili

saukeTeso gmirebma argonavtebma yvelasTvis

yvela mTavari maxasiaTebliT (arqiteqtura,

sanukvari argoTi (homerosi, odisea)

TviTmyofadi keramika, brinjaos nawarmi da a. S.),

ganaxorcieles berZenTa pirveli Soreuli

mTel SavizRvispireTSi sxvagan arsad dasturdeba.

sazRvao eqspedicia, kolxeTis mefe aieti -

Zv. w. III aTaswleulis meore naxevrisa da Zv. w. I

heliosis vaJi da oqros sawmisis mflobeli, kolxi

aTaswleulis pirveli naxevris kolxuri kultura

princesa - grZneuli medea, romelic evripides

da rac mTavaria, misi organuli nawili

mier Seqmnili sakuTari Svilebis mkvlelis saxis

85

_ kolxeTSi auracxeli raodenobiT aRmoCenili

oqros samkauli, cxadyofs, Tu ratom daukavSires
berZnebma oqros sawmisi SavizRvispireTSi mdebare
swored am qveyanas, romelsac isini jer kidev Zv. w.
VIII saukunidan moyolebuli kolxidas uwodeben.
kolxuri oqros samkauli, romelmac antikur
samyaroSi daimkvidra sakuTari adgili berZnuli,
aqemeniduri (sparsuli), etruskuli da skviTuri
samkaulis gverdiT, xolo dRes, msoflios wamyvan
muzeumebSi organizebuli gamofenebis cikliT
milionobiT mnaxvels gaacno saqarTvelo rogorc
oqros sawmisis qveyana, mxolod erT-erTi etapia
qarTuli oqromWedlobis ganviTarebis istoriaSi.
saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis simon
janaSias saxelobis saqarTvelos muzeumSi 2011
wels gaixsna ukanaskneli wlebis aRmoCenebiT
gamdidrebuli da ganaxlebuli mudmivmoqmedi
gamofena arqeologiuri saganZuri, sadac
mxolod saqarTvelos teritoriaze aRmoCenili
da rac mTavaria, umeteswilad adgilobrivad
damzadebuli oqrosa da vercxlis samkauliT,
agreTve sxva ZvirfaseulobiT warmodgenilia
qarTuli oqromWedlobis ganviTarebis gza Zv. w. III
aTaswleulidan - ax. w. IV saukunemde.

gamoirCeva rogorc teqnikuri, aseve mxatvruli

Sesrulebis maRali doniT. maTze gamoyenebuli
ornamentuli saxeebi mzis simbolikas ukavSirdeba.
Tavad oqroc mziur liTonadaa miCneuli astralur
religiebSi. oqrosa da vercxlis samkauli,
agreTve oqromWedlobis sxva nimuSebi yvelaze
naTlad metyvelebs im erTi piris maRal socialur
statusze, romelsac gansakuTrebuli pativiT
uzarmazar yorRanul samarxSi krZalavdnen.
dakrZalvis am wesis gamo ewoda didi yorRanebis
kultura Zv. w. III aTaswleulis meore naxevarsa da
Zv. w. II aTaswleulis pirvel naxevarSi aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos teritoriaze gavrcelebul kulturas.
saqarTveloSi aRmoCenili oqros uZvelesi
samkauli garkveul msgavsebas avlens uris, uruqis,
trois, mikenis cnobil nimuSebTan, Tumca zusti
paralelebi mas arsad eZebneba.
qarTuli oqromWedlobis aRorZinebis xanaa Zv.
w. VIII-VI saukuneebi, roca Zvirfasi liTonebisgan
damzadebuli samkauli saqarTvelos vrcel
teritoriaze dasturdeba. oqros da vercxlis
mxatvruli damuSavebis wamyvani xerxia granulacia.
am epoqaSi iRebs saTaves tipiuri kolxuri diadema
da sxivana sayureebi, romlebmac ganviTarebis
umaRles safexurs antikur xanaSi miaRwia.

saqarTvelo ara mxolod oqromWedlobis mdidari

tradiciebis mqone qveyanaa, aramed oqros samTo
wesiT mopovebis uZveles keradaa miCneuli.
qvemo qarTlSi, adgil saydrisSi gamovlenili
oqros maRaroebi, romlebic iqve aRmoCenili
qvis iaraRebisa da keramikis safuZvelze Zv. w.
IV aTaswleulis dasasruliTa da III aTaswleulis
dasawyisiT TariRdeba, naxevari aTaswleuliT
win uswrebs egviptis aRmosavleT udabnos oqros
maRaroebs.
didi raodenobiT oqrosa da vercxlis samkaulis
sxvadasxva formebi - yelsabamebi, sakinZebi,
samajurebi, sasafeTqle xviebi, beWdebi _
saqarTvelos teritoriaze pirvelad Zv. w. III
aTaswelulis meore naxevridan Cndeba da isini ukve

Gold Bracelets, Vani, mid-5th century B.C.

86

Gold Temple Ornaments, Vani, second half of 4th century B.C.

87

Necklace (gold, garnets, turquoise), Armaziskhevi, Mtskheta, 2nd century A.D.

kolxeTis samefos politikur-administraciuli

centrebis - sairxisa da vanis Zv. w. V-IV
saukuneebis samarxebSi adgilobrivi
oqormWedlobis nimuSebi aTasobiTaa aRmoCenili.
ara mxolod raodenobiT, aramed mxatvruli
RirebulebiT kolxuri oqros samkauli cxadyofs,
Tu ratom ixsenieba berZnul wyaroebSi
simdidriT ganTqmuli qalaqebis mikenis, sardisa
da babilonis msgavsad kolxeTi epiTetiT oqromravali.
tradiciebi, romelTa safuZvelze saqarTvelos
teritoriaze saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi
iqmneboda oqros samkauli, Tavs iCens iberiul
oqromWedlobaSi. Zv. w. III saukuneSi Seqmnilma

qarTlis samefom _ iberiam, rogorc mas

berZnul-romauli werilobiTi wyaroebi
moixsenieben, gansakuTrebul politikur da
ekonomikur Zlierebas ax. w. II - III saukuneebSi
miaRwia. warCinebulTa samarxebSi aRmoCenili
oqromWedlobis nimuSebi naTlad asaxavs
qarTlis samefos aRmavlobas, romlis erT-erTi
ganmsazRvreli faqtori mxatvruli xelosnobis
sxvadasxva dargebis, maT Soris, oqromWedlobis
dawinureba gaxda. gare samyarosTan, kerZod
iranTan da romTan mWidro kulturuli
urTierTobebis fonze iberielma ostatebma
ganaviTares feradi qvebiT morTuli samkaulis
sakuTari stili, romelic male gavrcelda
saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze.

Bracelet (gold, almandine, lapis lazuli, malachite), Armaziskhevi, Mtskheta, 3rd -4th centuries A.D.