CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANISMS

1. All living things are composed of cells.

2. All living things perform certain chemical processes such as growth and digestion.
3. All living things can reproduce.
4. All living things either make their own nutrients or ingest nutrients from the environment.
5. All living things respond to stimuli such as light and touch.
DISEASE Any change that disrupts the normal function of one or more body systems.
Noninfectious diseases: Diseases caused by exposure to certain chemicals or traits that are inherited.
Infectious diseases: Diseases caused by a pathogen (any microbe that causes disease.)
HOW INFECTIOUS DISEASE SPREAD
1. contact with an infected person ex: Influenza (V)
2. contact with a contaminated object ex: Athletes foot (F) or Influenza (V)
3. contact with an infected animal ex: Lyme Disease (B): Bite from infected
environmental source.

tick contact with an

Vector is an organism that helps a disease spread. Water and insects serve as vectors.
Carrier is an organism infected with and can transmit disease causing microbe to another living thing.
A virus is a non-cellular particle made up of genetic material and protein that can invade living cells
and reproduce.
DISEASES CAUSED BY VIRUSES
Rabies
Influenza
West Nile Virus
Viral Meningitis
Polio
Common Cold
AIDS/HIV
Chicken Pox
Small Pox
Yellow Fever *
Ebola
SARS

No Cure, just prevention with vaccine.

Vaccines: a substance introduced into the body to stimulate the production of chemicals that destroy
specific viruses or bacteria..
Viruses are NON-LIVING because:
1. They do not use their own energy to grow or
respond to the environment.
2. They cannot make food, eat food, or produce
waste.
No respiration

Only reproduce within a host (cant do it alone MUST have a host)

Kingdom Protista (you should have at least 5 characteristics)

Large, mixed up group!!!

eukaryotes

Can be unicellular, multicellular, or colonial

Need a watery environment

Fresh or marine, snow, or damp soil

Aerobic and have mitochondria for cellular respiration

Some have chloroplasts for photosynthesis

Grow or reproduce by mitosis, some by meiosis and fertilization.

Protists with
Pseudopods

Protists with
Cilia
These protists
move by extending
their bodies
forward. The
finger-like
structures that they
project forward are
called
pseudopods.

Protists with
Flagella
These protists move
by beating tiny hairlike structures called
cilia. The cilia act as
tiny oars that allows
the protist to move
through its watery
environment (check
it out). The cilia also
help the protists
capture food.

Others

These protists move

by beating their long
whip like structures
called flagella.

These protists
are
characterized
mainly by the
way they live.
All of these
protists are
parasites.
Many of these
protists cause
diseases such
as malaria.

Kingdom Monera
(Bacteria)
Cocci ~ Sphere
shaped bacteria
Bacillus ~ Rod
shaped bacteria
Spirrillium ~ Spiral
shaped bacteria
Flagella~ Leg-like
structures that help
to propel the
bacterium.

MOST are HELPFUL!!!

Fertilize fields (nitrogen fixation)
Recycle nutrients (decomposers break down dead organism and waste into nutrients.
Produce Food and medicine (food such as cheese, pickles, yogurt, vinegar, sauerkraut, and antibiotics
such as streptomycin, erythromycin, bacitracin)
Are they harmful? YES - Examples

Strep throat

Tuberculosis

How do we destroy bacteria?

In diseases - Antibiotics

Tetanus

Lyme Disease

Dental Cavities

Cholera

In Food.- Heat Pasteurisation or Canning

Use antibiotics to cure bacterial infections. Antibiotics or a chemical that can kill bacteria without harming a
persons cell. Bacteria can develop a resistance to antibiotic and will no longer kill. This is what happens when
you do not take medicine completely.