CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of Study.
English is the main subject for National Examination in our
country, Indonesia. Not only in written test can be applied but also it can
be examined in the practice test. There are many kinds of practice tests
that can be chosen in this test such as speech, role playing, and drama test.
English can be funnier if the teacher makes an improvement in
teaching the student. Teacher can use those methods in their classroom,
even the English club that built in their school. Sometimes it is useful for
several students and their English scores are well. Because they always use
English to make conversations in their daily activities, especially in the
classrooms (http://www.educationenglish.com/html)

Most of Indonesian student cant perform their abilities to speak in

front of the class courageously especially in English language. This case
is caused by the teaching system of teacher that requires the perfect
speaking. Teachers nothing but accepts if their student can say anything
well grammatically. But, the students think is difficult for them. The
students cant say anything because they have to memorize all of the
structure and the grammatical rule of English language in their brain

Traditional classroom speaking practice often takes the form of

drills in which one person asks a question and another gives an answer.

The question and the answer are structured and predictable, and often
there is only one correct, predetermined answer. The purpose of asking
and answering the question is to demonstrate the ability to ask and answer
the question.(http://lingualink.com/speaking-skill.html)

So, teachers have to use an approach to teach students that

appropriate

with these

conditions.

The

teachers

can use

the

communicative approach. The communicative approach is based on the

idea that learning language successfully comes through having to
communicate the real meaning. When learners are involved in real
communication, their natural strategies for language acquisition will be
used, and this will allow them to learn to use the language, for example:
practising question forms by asking learners to find out personal
information about their colleagues is an example of the communicative
approach,

as

it

involves

meaningful

communication

process.

Classroom activities guided by the communicative approach are

characterised by trying to produce meaningful and real communication, at
all levels. As a result there may be more emphasis on skills than systems,
lessons are more learner-centred, and there may be use of authentic
materials. (Savignon, Sandra J:2002)

Students often think that the ability to speak a language is the

product of language learning, but speaking is also a crucial part of the
language learning process. In order that, the student can communicate
well when student learn the way to increase speaking skill. Speaking skill

is the ability of human to speak, such as deliver the message by using the
speech organ or expressing something. There are many of the way to
increase the speaking skill such as use role-play, drama, debate, speech
contest, etc. (Mead, Nancy A. and Rubin, Donald L:1985)

The ability of speaking is one of fundamentals aspects in the basic

skills of language, after listening, reading, and writing. In addition,
teachers have to develop their skill to make their students good speakers.
Teachers have to use the appropriate approach to teach them and
appropriate technique to apply in teaching activities in the classroom, for
example role-play.

Role playing/simulation is an extremely valuable method in

language learning. It encourages thinking and creativity, lets students
develop and practice new language and behavioural skills in a relatively
nonthreatening setting, and can create the motivation and involvement
necessary for learning to occur. (Tompkins:2006)
Sometimes teacher use role-play technique to develop the speaking
ability of their student so the student can express their skill well, for
example the student will be courageous to speak up in front of the class,
they can do anything, and they think it is very easy to do. This condition
was happening in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Surakarta, especially in the
English Club. This condition is interesting to analyze the developing
speaking ability that appropriate with communicative approach by using
role-play technique.

Based on the case and the topic above, the researcher conduct this
research with the title: The Application of Communicative Approach by
Using Role-Playing Technique for Increasing Students Speaking Ability (A
Study Case at English Club MAN 2 Surakarta in 2010/2011 Academic
Year)
1.2. Statement of Research Problem.
The problem will faced in this research are:
1.

How is the application of the communicative approach by

using role-playing technique for students speaking ability in
the English Club Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Surakarta in
2010/2011 Academic Year ?

2.

How is the development of the speaking ability by using role

playing technique in the English Club Madrasah Aliyah Negeri
2 Surakarta in 2010/2011 Academic Year?

3.

What are the factors influencing the success or the failure of

role-playing technique that could be found in the classroom
English Club Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Surakarta in
2010/2011 Academic Year ?

4.

What are the solution of the condition to solve the failure that
could be found in the classroom English Club Madrasah
Aliyah Negeri 2 Surakarta in 2010/2011 Academic Year ?

1.3. Objectives of Study.

1. To know the application of Communicative Approach by using
role-playing technique for students speaking ability in the
English Club MAN 2 Surakarta in 2010/2011 Academic Year
2. To know performance measure the development of the speaking
ability in the English Club MAN 2 Surakarta in 2010/2011
Academic Year
3. To know the factors influencing in the success or failure of roleplaying technique could be found in the classroom of English
Club MAN 2 Surakarta in 2010/2011 Academic Year
4. To know the right solution in the solving the problem when the
failure could be found in the classroom of the English Club
MAN 2 Surakarta in 2010/2011 Academic Year
1.4

Limitation of the Problem.

There are some aspects that could analyze in the research activities,
so to avoid the discussion in the large scope. This research will be limited
by two things: 1) object limitation and 2) subject limitation.
1.

Object limitation:
Communicative approach is used to make an approaching
to teach student at classroom. Teacher teaches the student by using
role-play technique in classroom and it usually is used in the
classroom and the result from application this technique, the score
that get by the student is well, because they always were trained by

this method. Speaking ability is fundamental thing in teaching and

learning activity that held by the teacher.
2.

Subject limitation:
English Club Student is interesting to analyze, this club not
only improving the basic knowledge and skill but also this club has
several material that taught like cross cultural understanding, drama
in movie and more material that has correlation with English
language. MAN 2 Surakarta is chosen by research because this
school will be one of The Islamic International senior high school
in Surakarta, so it will be nice to make a research in that school and
the Head master always have an attention to increasing the ability
the students in English language

1.5

Significance of the Problem.

1. Theoretically
The researcher has some purpose from this study. The
purposes from this research that will be get to know the application
from the communicative approach and to analyze how the work
system of the communicative approach.
Not only the communicative approach will be analyzed but
also the research will analyze about the speaking ability. In other
words, the research will combine them and apply it in the
classroom of English Club Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Surakarta.
The best way to develop the speaking ability after made this
research will be found and analyze the factor increasing the

speaking ability. In teaching speaking by using role-play technique

can develop speaking ability is useful or not and determine the
factor that is influenced to the learning of English speaking.
It can be useful for educational world because to increase
the English speaking ability can use the role play technique. After
considering the result of research that applied on the weak student
in the speaking ability
2.

Practically
There are many functions from this research, such as:
1. For the management of school.
The management of school can give some facility to
help the development their student in English speaking ability
and the people outside the school can be interest to sign-up
their student to study in that school after saw the result study
from that school.
2. For teacher.
It is useful to add the various kind of learning in their
teaching activity, especially for English teacher.

3. For parents
They can give the chance for their child to learn English
and the will be proud when their child can speak a foreign
language well.
4. For students
Their English score will become pleasing and they can
speak English
1.6 Definition of the Key Terms.

1. Communicative approach is much more student-orientated, because

dictated by student' needs and interests. Communicative approach is
not just limited to oral skills. Reading and writing skills need to be
developed to promote students' confidence in all four skill areas. By
using elements encountered in variety of ways (reading/ summarising/
translating/ discussion/ debates) - makes language more fluid and
students' manipulation of language more fluent (Communicative
Approach).Communicative approach seeks to personalise and localise
language and adapt it to interests of students. Meaningful language is
always more easily retained by learners.
2. Role playing encourages thinking and creativity, giving the chance to
students to develop and practice new language and behavioural skills
in a relatively nonthreatening setting, and can create the motivation
and involvement necessary for learning to occur (Tompkins, 2006).

The role playing/simulation technique is employed, it should be

integrated with other language learning activities, given the
preparation and care which is required in any language learning
method, and adapted to student needs and level. If these guidelines are
followed, it can be a rewarding experience for both the students and
teacher.
3. According to Mead, Nancy A. and Rubin, Donald L (1985:5)
Speaking skill is the ability of human to speak, such as deliver the
message by using the speech organ or expressing something. There
are many of the way to increase the speaking such as use role-play,
drama, debate, speech contest, etc.