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Dong Quai,known as Chinese Angelica, is a Chinese Herb of the Umbelliferae plant family.Before I wrote this
article, I am not sure which names to act as the title since there are so may names for Dong Quai. As a Chinese, in
domestic market, we use Dang Gui root instead. After searching google keyword tools, we found Dong Quai is the
most popular for angelica sisnensis, while angelica sinsnensis is the latin name for it.
The applicable part of dong quai is the root. Dong quai root has several active constituents. Some of these include
ferulic acid, ligusticide, angelicide, brefeldin A, butylphthalide, nicotinic acid, and succinic acid. Dong quai root
contains a variety of other constituents including n-valerophenone-O-carboxylic acid, uracil, adenine, carvacrol,
safrole, isosafrole, sesquiterpenes, n-dodecanol, n-tetradecanol, palmitic acid, angelic acid, myristic acid, and
others.
The dong quai root also contains several vitamins and minerals including vitamin A, carotenoids, vitamin E,
vitamin C, vitamin B12, biotin, folic acid, calcium, magnesium, and phytosterols such as beta-sitosterol (15109). It
also contains 0.4% to 0.7% volatile oil.
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Dong quai also contains several coumarin constituents, however, there has been some debate about which
coumarins are present in dong quai root. Some coumarins reported to be present in the root include angelol,
angelicone, osthol, psoralen, oxypeucedanin, and bergapten. Some coumarins can act as vasodilators and
antispasmodics. Osthol appears to inhibit platelet aggregation and smooth muscle contraction, and cause
hypotension. Psoralen and bergapten are photosensitizing and can cause severe photodermatitis. Bergapten and
other dong quai constituents, such as safrole and isosafrole, are carcinogenic.
Therapeutic pharmacologic activity is most often attributed to the ferulic acid and ligusticide constituents. Ferulic
acid and ligusticide are sometimes used as marker compounds to assess dong quai root quality. The amount of
these constituents in dong quai root can vary significantly from region to region.
Ferulic acid content usually ranges from 0.211-1.43 mg/gram of dong quai root. Ferulic acid is thought to have a
wide variety of activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulant, antiarrhythmic and
antiplatelet effects.
Ligusticide content ranges from about 4-14 mg/gram of dong quai root. The ligusticide constituent is thought to
have antispasmodic and antiasthmatic effects. Dong quai also contains a low molecular weight polysaccharide that
shows anti-tumor activity in animals.
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Some research suggests that dong quai root does not have estrogenic effects and therefore is not a phytoestrogen.
However, other research suggests that it does have estrogenic effects. A dong quai extract competitively inhibits
estradiol binding to estrogen receptors and induces transcription activity in estrogen-responsive cells. The ferulic
acid constituent seems to have estrogenic activity. Ferulic acid stimulates proliferation of estrogen-receptor
positive breast cancer cells in vitro. It also appears to up-regulate transcription of HER2 oncogene and ESR1 gene.
A water-soluble extract of dong quai stimulates proliferation of both estrogen-receptor positive and negative breast

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cancer cells in vitro. The effect on estrogen-receptor positive cells appears to involve estrogen agonist activity. The
effect on estrogen-receptor negative cells is independent of estrogen.
Preliminary research suggests dong quai might protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Research in animal models also suggests that dong quai might help protect against endotoxemia and experimental
sepsis. Dong qui might help reduce accumulation of inflammatory cytokines.
A multi-ingredient preparation containing dong quai is thought to work in premature ejaculation by increasing the
penile vibratory threshold and reducing the amplitude of penile somatosensory evoked potentials.
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