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DOCUMENT No.
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1.0 NOTES
1.01 This document outlines and describes the Technical Parameters for Earthing calculation as per IEEE Std 80-2000
1.02 For the conductor spacing calculations, the rectangular portion of the switchyard is considered however in those cases, where
the switchyard is not essentially rectangular in shape, the value of rectangle having the same area as that enclosed by
irregular
1.03 If Bentonite treatment is considered then 80% reduction in the Measured Resitivity value may be considered
1.04 The term "Mesh Voltage" means the maximum touch voltage within a mesh of a ground grid.
2.0 LEGENDS
A
= RMS value of the AC Ground fault current, which can flow through the conductor in Amps
IG
rs
Cs
ts
hs
Et
Es
Em
= Geometric factor.
Ki
Kii
Kh
DOCUMENT No.
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3.0 DATA
a)
Fault Current
b)
c)
d)
e)
25000
66
kV
sec.
0.5
sec.
Length of Switchyard
96.50
mtrs.
Breadth of Switchyard
50.20
mtrs.
96.50
mtrs.
50.20
mtrs.
96.5 x 50.2
f)
288
W-m
g)
3000
W-m
h)
0.6
mtrs.
i)
0.15
mtrs.
j)
M.S. Flat
k)
620
40mm G.S.
Eqpt Qty
Total qty
power Transformer
Station Transformer
10
40mm G.S.
Eqpt Qty
Total qty
Lightning Arrester
18
18
Control room(Treated)
39
49
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5.0
DATE
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CONDUCTOR SELECTION
I
-4
TCAP x 10
= A
t x r x r r
T CAP x 10
=
5.01
Ko Tm
2
n
Ko Ta
31500
Where,
I
t x r x rr
-4
Ko T m
n
Ko T a
1
2
3 .93 10 - 4
293 620
1 0 .0032 20 .1
ln 293 50
1/ 2
Tm
Ta
25
620
50
20
Tr
0.0032
rr
20.1
K0
= (1 / r)-Tr
293
kA
1/ 0 C
J /(cm . C)
3.93
Area of Conductor, A
559.61
mm2
560
mm2
TCAP
Equation 5.01
Sl.No.
1
2
3
5.02
5.03
Soil Resitivity
> 100 -m
>25 & < 100 -m
< 25 -m or treated soil
% Corrosion
0%
15%
30%
560 x 1.10
615.57
mm2
65
mm
10
mm
The required conductor area is 616 sq.mm and the selected conductor area is 650 sq.mm. Therefore, selected conductor is
adequate.
DOCUMENT No.
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5.04
CHECKED
5.05
DATE
W x T 4)
0.02876235
615.57
mm
d =
28.00
mm
25
mm
NA
2
= d 4
Cs
r
0.09 x
1
rs
1-
2 x hs 0.09
0.791385
50
0.116
0.157
Cs
Kg
Equation 6.01
Equation 6.02
ts
748.264
1000 6 x Cs x rs ) Bwf
ts
Es
2500.911
Equation 6.03
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DOCUMENT No.
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2.4
42
Nos
22
Nos
42 x 50.2+22 x 96.5
4927
49
Nos
49 x 3
147
2 (96.5 + 50.2)
293
mtrs
mtrs
mtrs
2
1 D2 D 2h)
h Kii
8
-
n
n
2 16hd
8Dd
4d Kh 2n - 1)
Equation 8.01
Where
Kii
Kh
h
1
Where, ho is 1(Grid reference depth)
ho
1.265
(IEEE 80, Formula no. 84, Pg.No. 93)
8.02
= na X nb X nc X nd
na
nb
nc
nd
2 x Lc
Lp
Lp
4 x
2 x 4927
293
293
4 x (96.5x50.2 )
0.5
33.59
1.02
Equation 8.02
33.59 x 1.02 x 1 x 1
34.26
8.04 Substituting values in equation 8.1, we get
Km
0.171
0.644+0.148 x 34.26
5.71
0.644 0.148n
DOCUMENT No.
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Sf If
0.734
25000 x 0.7
18350
4927 + 147
5074
CHECKED
DATE
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LC LR
r G m i
LM
Em
5074
Em =
8.09
1018.44
Equation 8.08
The calculated mesh / touch voltage = 1018.44 volts is Greater than the tolerable touch voltage of 748.26 Volts. Hence
Unsafe.
1 - 0.5
2 h D h D
1 1
n-2
Ks
0.504
0.75 LC 0.85 LR
.
Ls
=
=
Equation 9.2
3821
Equation 9.1
rI G K S K i
Equation 9.3
LS
Es
=
Es =
9.04 The calculated step voltage = 3983.90 volts is Greater than the tolerable Step voltage of 2500.91 Volts. Hence Unsafe
DOCUMENT No.
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RG
L
T
1
1
.
1
20 A
1 h 20 A
Equation 10.1
Where
L
4927 + 147
5074
mtrs
mtrs
0.6
= Area of Grid
96.5 x 50.2
4844
288.00
W-m
1.873
= Soil Resistivity
10.2
RG
m2
According to IEEE 80-2000 clause no. 14.1 (Usual requirements of ground resistance). For most large substations, the
ground resistance is usually less than 1W or less.
11.0 CONCLUSION
The calculated buried grid resistance is =1.873 Ohms., which is greater than 1.0 Ohms as specified in IEEE 80. Hence the
spacing of buried conductors at 2.4 meters is Unsafe.
DOCUMENT No.
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12.0 SUMMARY
Soil Resistivity
Voltage level of the substation
RMS value of the AC Ground fault current, which can flow through the
conductor
288.00 W-m
66 kV
18350 Amps
96.5 mtrs.
50.2 mtrs.
96.5 mtrs.
50.2 mtrs.
M.S. Flat
65 x 10 mm
2.4 mtrs.
2.4 mtrs.
22 nos.
42 nos.
4927 mtrs.
10 nos.
39 nos.
49 nos.
1018 Volts
3984 Volts
748 Volts
2501 Volts
2W
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