Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
INTRODUCTION
The one dimensional Fermi gas with
attractive interaction among the fermions
has been used as a model to know the
physical properties of realistic Fermi system.
The exact solution for its ground state
energy is known from the Bathe ansatz1,
therefore one can test approximate solutions
of the systems. Quick, Esbagg and deLalno2
have developed mean field approximation
basically of two types (a) plane wave HartreFock (HF) (b) non-plane wave (HF) and
BCS. It was found that the BCS solution can
describe the cross-over between weak
coupling (as a weakly interacting gas of
fermions) and strong coupling (gas of
bosonic two particle pairs) in the system. In
particular, they find that the BCS solution
for the ground state energy coincides with
the exact solution in both weak and strong
coupling. In this sense, the system may serve
as a simple model to study the transition
Journal of Pure Applied and Industrial Physics Vol.2, Issue 1, 1 January, 2012, Pages (1-83)
46
Mirza Abbas Hussain, et al., J. Pure Appl. & Ind. Phys. Vol.2 (1), 45-53 (2012)
bg
1
k1k2V| | K3 K4 Ck+1 Ck+2 Ck3 Ck4
4 k1, k2 ,k3, k4
(1)
where ki denote momentum and spin
quantum number of the particle and
H = Ho + Hk111k2+k1k2 +
k1k2
dH
40
k1k2k3k4
1
Hk20k +k +k2 + H.C.
2 k1k2 1 2 1
dH
31
k1k2k3k4
+k +k2+k +k + H.C.
1
k1k2k3k4
+k +k2+k +k
1
i
+ H.C.i
k1k2k3k4
1
Hk221k2k3k4k+1k+2+k3k+4
4 k1k2k3k4
(2)
Journal of Pure Applied and Industrial Physics Vol.2, Issue 1, 1 January, 2012, Pages (1-83)
Mirza Abbas Hussain, et al., J. Pure Appl. & Ind. Phys. Vol.2 (1), 45-53 (2012)
~
Ak1k 2 k3k 4 = Ak1k2 k 3k4 E k1 + E k2 k1k 2 k 3k4
Bk1k 2 k 3k4 = k 2 k1 H , k1 k3
and
G11 kk q, G21 kk q,
g b g
1
= G bkq, g +
d E i 2mbk , qg Z
+nbk , qg + E lbk , qg
11
0
k ,k
k q ,
(7)
(4)
v
m k q G11 k kq, + G21 k kq,
2 k
(8a)
b g b
g b
G022
b g b
g b
(8b)
b g b
g d
i
bkq, g = d +1E i
g b
(5)
E k ,q = E k + E k + q
We have assumed that collective
pairs have zero total spin One arrives on the
expressions
G11 kk q, + G 21 kk q,
g b g
1
= G bkq, g +
d E i 2E
+ E nbk , qg + lbk , qg
k ,q
k q ,
(8c)
The quantities m(k,q), n(k,q) and l(k,q) are
combination of uk and vk and is given by
where
21
k ,q
k ,k
1
kq , =
E k ,q
11
0
11
0
k q ,
2
k ,q
k ,q
k q ,
Here
refers to averaging with respect to
the BCS ground state. But in place of BCS
ground state one has correlated ground state
which corresponds to a generalized quasi
particle RPA22.
Taking interaction one solves the
system equation in the representation. One
obtains coupling equation for G11 and G21
also for G22 and G21. One obtains
47
2
k ,q
m k , q = uk v k + q + v k uk + q
(9a)
b g
nb k , q g = u u
lb k , q g = u u
k
k +q
+ vk vk +q
(9b)
k +q
vk vk +q
(9c)
and
uk2 = 1 vk2 =
1+ k
2
Ek
LM
N
OP
Q
(9d)
Where
k ,q m( k , q) Zk q ,
k q ,
(6)
k =k + vkHF
E k = 2k + 2k
Journal of Pure Applied and Industrial Physics Vol.2, Issue 1, 1 January, 2012, Pages (1-83)
(9e)
48
Mirza Abbas Hussain, et al., J. Pure Appl. & Ind. Phys. Vol.2 (1), 45-53 (2012)
Multiplying
in
equation
(7)
subsequently with m with n and in equation
(7) with l and summing over k, one arrives
at the system of equation for the quantities
Z, and
v
I,n,l ( q, ) 1+ vIE,m,m ( q, )
IE,n,m ( q,)
2
2
F
G
GG Z
H
l ,q ,
I FG vnbk , qgG
JJ = G vlbk , qgG
JK GH v 2mbk , qgG
11
0
11
0
11
0
I
JJ
JK
1 + vI E , n ,n ( q, ) vI ,n ,l ( q, )
vI ,n ,l ( q, ) 1 + vI E ,l ,l ( q, )
(10)
I a ,b ,c =
b gb gb g
d E i
2
k ,q
(11)
vI E ,n ,m ( q, )
2vI ,l , m ( q, ) = 0
(12)
v 2 I E ,n ,m ( q, ) v 2 I ,n ,l ( q, ) 1 + vI E ,m ,m ( q, )
where (q) denotes the eigen value for the collective excitation.
Weak Coupling Case
The analysis of the weak coupling
case has been given by Belkker and
Randeria23. One quotes their result for the
weak coupling collective made in one
dimension.
L 1 m OP
bq g = M1 v
N k Q
F
12
kF
q
m
(13)
Journal of Pure Applied and Industrial Physics Vol.2, Issue 1, 1 January, 2012, Pages (1-83)
Mirza Abbas Hussain, et al., J. Pure Appl. & Ind. Phys. Vol.2 (1), 45-53 (2012)
modes for small -q and - limit with
respect to small gap. In the strong coupling
limit the gap goes to zero with density.2 One
expands the gap equation in terms of 2
1=
v
dk
2 0
v
2
dk
F
GH
k 1+
2
4
dk
I
JK
n=
1 2
J2
2
v
v2
J1
J3
2
4
b *g
12
(14)
Here one has introduced integral Ji. It has
been evaluated for the strong coupling limit
i.e. for *<O. Here * is effective chemical
potential including the quasi particle shift
Ji = dk =
0
FG k + IJ
H 2m K
2
z
0
(15a)
k2
FG k + IJ
H 2m K
2
(15b)
J1 = m
J3
2* =
mv 2
= E0
4
/ 2
12
12
72
(19a)
12
e j
= m / e2 j
= 3m / e2 j
*
(18)
bg
12
(17)
q = cq
Then
J2
2 12
2
3
m v
mv 2 nv
8
64
8
Ji 2 = dk =
(16)
12
49
32
52
(15c)
b g LMN 4vnmOPQ
q =
12
Journal of Pure Applied and Industrial Physics Vol.2, Issue 1, 1 January, 2012, Pages (1-83)
(19b)
50
Mirza Abbas Hussain, et al., J. Pure Appl. & Ind. Phys. Vol.2 (1), 45-53 (2012)
q =
12
q
(19c)
Table T1
An Evauated results of collective mode for small momenta q in the weak coupling limit
(
*=3.386 E0) The numerical solution is compared with weak coupling expansion (13).
/
q/kF
Numerical solution
Equation (12)
Weak coupling
expansion eq. (13)
0.00
0.00
0.1
0.126
0.132
0.2
0.268
0.275
0.3
0.355
0.368
0.4
0.568
0.599
0.5
0.573
0.702
0.6
0.626
0.925
0.65
0.645
1.027
0.70
0.689
1.146
0.75
0.735
1.207
0.80
0.794
1.258
Journal of Pure Applied and Industrial Physics Vol.2, Issue 1, 1 January, 2012, Pages (1-83)
Mirza Abbas Hussain, et al., J. Pure Appl. & Ind. Phys. Vol.2 (1), 45-53 (2012)
51
Table T2
An Evauated results of collective mode for small momenta q in the strong coupling limit
(
*=(-)0.4966 E0) The numerical solution[eq.(12)] is compared to the strong coupling expansion
[eq.(19c)] and free particle dispersion
=q2/2mB(a0 = Bohr radius)
Numerical
Solution
Eq.(12)
/0
Strong
expansion
eq.(19c)
Free particle
dispersion
= q2/2mB
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.02
0.0022
0.0020
0.0002
0.04
0.0032
0.0032
0.0004
0.05
0.0034
0.0035
0.0005
0.06
0.0037
0.00355
0.00282
0.07
0.0038
0.00362
0.00294
0.08
0.0042
0.00375
0.00307
0.09
0.0048
0.00382
0.00322
0.10
0.0052
0.00397
0.00375
0.11
0.0056
0.00416
0.00400
0.12
0.0062
0.00438
0.00425
0.15
0.0094
0.00469
0.00473
0.20
0.0126
0.00525
0.00098
q/a0
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
In this paper, using the theoretical
formalism of T. Alm and P. Schuck, 10 we
have studied the behavior of collective
modes over the coupling regime weak
coupling (high density) to strong coupling
(low density). We observe that the treatment
of the residual interaction in the Hamiltonian
(2) within the quasi particle or generalized
Journal of Pure Applied and Industrial Physics Vol.2, Issue 1, 1 January, 2012, Pages (1-83)
52
Mirza Abbas Hussain, et al., J. Pure Appl. & Ind. Phys. Vol.2 (1), 45-53 (2012)
6.
Journal of Pure Applied and Industrial Physics Vol.2, Issue 1, 1 January, 2012, Pages (1-83)
Mirza Abbas Hussain, et al., J. Pure Appl. & Ind. Phys. Vol.2 (1), 45-53 (2012)
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
53
Journal of Pure Applied and Industrial Physics Vol.2, Issue 1, 1 January, 2012, Pages (1-83)