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Elwyn Roy King
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Elwyn Roy King
Half portrait of man in military uniform with peaked cap and pilot's wings on ch
est
Elwyn Roy King, c. 1917 18
Nickname(s)
"Bo", "Beau", "Bow"
Born
13 May 1894
Bathurst, New South Wales
Died
28 November 1941 (aged 47)
Point Cook, Victoria
Allegiance
Australia
Service/branch Australian Imperial Force
Australian Flying Corps
Royal Australian Air Force
Years of service
1915 19
1939 41
Rank
Group Captain
Unit
No. 4 Squadron AFC (1917 19)
Commands held No. 3 EFTS (1940)
No. 5 EFTS (1940 41)
No. 1 SFTS (1941)
RAAF Station Point Cook (1941)
Battles/wars
World War I
Western Front
Spring Offensive
Hundred Days Offensive
World War II
Awards Distinguished Service Order
Distinguished Flying Cross
Mentioned in Despatches
Other work
Businessman
Elwyn Roy King, DSO, DFC (13 May 1894
28 November 1941) was a fighter ace in the
Australian Flying Corps (AFC) during World War I. He achieved twenty-six victor
ies in aerial combat, making him the fourth highest-scoring Australian pilot of
the war, and second only to Harry Cobby in the AFC. A civil pilot and engineer b
etween the wars, he served in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) from 1939 un
til his death.
Born in Bathurst, New South Wales, King initially saw service as a lighthorseman
in Egypt in 1916. He transferred to the AFC as a mechanic in January 1917, and
was subsequently commissioned as a pilot. Posted to No. 4 Squadron, he saw actio
n on the Western Front flying Sopwith Camels and Snipes. He scored seven of his
"kills" in the latter type, more than any other pilot. His exploits earned him t
he Distinguished Flying Cross, the Distinguished Service Order, and a mention in
despatches. Returning to Australia in 1919, King spent some years in civil avia
tion before co-founding a successful engineering business. He joined the RAAF fo
llowing the outbreak of World War II and held several training commands, rising
to the rank of group captain shortly before his sudden death in November 1941 at
the age of forty-seven.
Contents [hide]
1 Early life

2 World War I
2.1 Early service
2.2 Fighter ace
3 Interbellum and World War II
4 Notes
5 References
Early life[edit]
Roy King was born on 13 May 1894 at The Grove, near Bathurst, New South Wales. H
e was the son of English-born Elizabeth Mary (Miller) King and Richard King, an
Australian labourer. The youth attended public school, and further educated hims
elf in mechanical engineering via correspondence. Having been employed repairing
bicycles, automobiles, and farming equipment, he was living in Forbes and worki
ng as a motor mechanic when he joined the Australian Imperial Force under the na
me Roy King on 20 July 1915.[1][2]
World War I[edit]
Early service[edit]
On 5 October 1915, King embarked for Egypt aboard HMAT Themistocles, as part of
the reinforcements for the 12th Regiment of the 4th Light Horse Brigade.[2][3] H
e joined the 12th Light Horse at Heliopolis in February 1916, as the unit was re
assembling following its service in the Gallipoli Campaign.[1][4][5] The regimen
t was engaged in the defence of the Suez Canal during May, and subsequently unde
rtook patrols and sorties in the Sinai Desert.[5]
King transferred to the Australian Flying Corps (AFC) on 13 January 1917, and wa
s posted to Britain to join No. 4 Squadron AFC (also referred to as No. 71 (Aust
ralian) Squadron, Royal Flying Corps, by the British) as an air mechanic on 18 A
pril.[4][6] He was assigned to a training squadron for flying instruction in Aug
ust.[4] On 15 October, he gained his wings and officer's commission.[4][7] Alloc
ated to No. 4 Squadron in November 1917, King was posted to France for active du
ty on 21 March 1918.[1][4] The same day, the Germans launched Operation Michael,
the opening phase of the Spring Offensive.[8]
Fighter ace[edit]
No. 4 Squadron was operating its Sopwith Camels in hazardous, low-altitude suppo
rt of Australian ground troops when King arrived in France, and he had little op
portunity for air-to-air combat.[1][9] The burly 6-foot-5-inch (196 cm) King nickn
amed "Bo", "Beau", or "Bow" also had problems landing the Camel; crammed into its
small cockpit, his large frame impeded control stick movement.[1][10] The result
ing rough landings annoyed his commanding officer, Major Wilfred McCloughry, bro
ther of ace Edgar McCloughry.[1][11] King's friend and fellow No. 4 Squadron pil
ot, Harry Cobby, recalled that "there was some speculation that he might go home b
ut he proved himself an impressive pilot".[12] Cobby often took King on "special
missions" to make mischief with the Germans; No. 4 Squadron found that two-man
patrols were generally able to lure enemy aircraft into a fight, whereas larger
formations tended to deter engagements.[13] On 14 May 1918, King shot down a two
-seat German scout that was spotting for artillery between Ypres and Bailleul, b
ut clouds prevented him from confirming its destruction.[14] By 20 May, he had b
een credited with his first aerial victory, over a Pfalz D.III near Kemmel-Neuve
glise.[4][10] He was promoted to lieutenant on 1 June.[7] On 20 June, he destroy
ed a German balloon over Estaires; although vulnerable to attack with incendiary
bullets, these large observation platforms were generally well protected by fig
hters and anti-aircraft defences, and were thus considered a dangerous but valua
ble target.[15] Later that month he shot down two more aircraft, a Pfalz and a t
wo-seat LVG, in the Lys region.[16]
Nine men wearing a mixture of military uniforms with caps and flying suits with
goggles, in front of a row of military biplanes
King (fourth from right), Captain Harry Cobby (centre) and fellow officers of No
. 4 Squadron AFC with their Sopwith Camels, Western Front, June 1918

King registered his fifth victory, an LVG, after raiding Armentires on 25 July 19
18.[17] Four days later, he led a flight of six Camels from No. 4 Squadron escor
ting Airco DH.9 light bombers of the Royal Air Force in another raid on Armentire
s. In an action that the Australian official history highlighted as an "example
of cool and skilful air fighting", the DH.9s completed their bombing mission whi
le the Camels drove off an attacking force of at least ten German Fokkers, three
of the Australians including King claiming victories, without any Allied losses
.[18] He destroyed a German two-seater on 3 August and another the following day
, sharing the second with Herbert Watson.[19] No. 4 Squadron was heavily engaged
in the Allies' great offensive on the Western Front, launched with the Battle o
f Amiens on 8 August.[20][21] King was credited with two victories a balloon and a
n LVG near Estaires during a bombing raid on 10 August.[22] On 12 and 13 August, t
he Camels of No. 4 Squadron operated in a massed formation over Flanders with th
e S.E.5s of No. 2 Squadron AFC, the former's two flights led by Cobby and King,
and the latter's by Adrian Cole and Roy Phillipps. Pickings were scarce, however
, and No. 4 Squadron's only success came on the second day when King and his fli
ght collectively destroyed a two-seat Albatros.[23]
On 16 August 1918, King participated in a major assault against the German airfi
eld at Haubourdin, near Lille, that resulted in thirty-seven enemy aircraft bein
g destroyed on the ground. During the action, described by the official history
as a "riot of destruction", King set on fire a hangar housing four or five Germa
n planes.[24] He also, according to No. 2 Squadron pilot Charles Copp, flew down
Haubourdin's main street, waving as he went, his reason being that "the girls i
n that village must have had a heck of a time with all that bombing and must hav
e been terribly scared so I thought I'd cheer them up a bit".[25] By this time t
he Lille sector was largely clear of German fighters. The official history recor
ded that on 25 August, "King went out alone as far as Don railway station, bombe
d it, machine-gunned a train, and returned among the low clouds all without seeing
any enemy".[26] The only contact around this time was on 30 August, when King,
Thomas Baker and another pilot shot down two DFWs near Laventie.[27] On 1 Septem
ber, King destroyed an observation balloon over Aubers Ridge.[28] Three days lat
er he shot down an LVG after attacking a train near Lille with Cobby.[29] He was
recommended for the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) on 8 September.[30] The aw
ard, promulgated in The London Gazette on 3 December, cited his "gallant and val
uable service in bombing and attacking with machine gun fire enemy billets, trai
ns, troops etc", during which "he ensure[d] success by descending to low altitud
es, disregarding personal danger".[31] On 16 September, following a lull in aeri
al combat in the region, King destroyed a Fokker biplane over Lille.[32] Around
this time he was promoted to captain and flight commander.[10] He took over "A"
Flight from Cobby, who had been posted to England.[33][34] By the end of Septemb
er, King's tally was eighteen. He registered his final victory in a Camel on 2 O
ctober, when he used bombs to send down his fourth balloon.[4][10]
Rear three-quarter view of military biplane on landing ground
Sopwith Snipe of No. 4 Squadron, c. 1918. King achieved seven victories in the S
nipe, making him the most successful pilot of the type.
During October 1918, King converted with the rest of No. 4 Squadron to the upgra
ded Sopwith Snipe, whose larger cockpit was a better fit for him.[1][20] He scor
ed with the Snipe on both 28 and 29 October, the latter over Tournai, in what is
frequently described as "one of the greatest air battles of the war".[35][36][3
7] At Tournai, amid a confrontation involving over seventy-five Allied and Germa
n fighters, King evaded five enemy Fokkers that dived on him, before destroying
an LVG in a head-on attack.[37] The next day, he downed three Fokker D.VIIs, two
without firing a shot. As he zoomed up from shooting one out of control, he cut
off another. This second Fokker pulled up to avoid collision and toppled onto a
third Fokker.[37][38] One of the war's last air battles took place near Leuze o
n 4 November. King's destruction of two D.VIIs in the space of five minutes, the
latter in flames, capped his combat career.[10][39] His tally of seven victorie
s with the Snipe in the closing days of the war made him the highest-scoring pil

ot in this type.[10][40]
King's final wartime score of twenty-six included six aircraft driven down out o
f control, thirteen aircraft and four balloons destroyed, and three other aircra
ft destroyed in victories shared with other airmen.[10][41] This made him second
only to Harry Cobby as the most successful ace in the AFC, as well as the fourt
h most successful of all the Australian aces in the war (his top-scoring compatr
iots, Robert Little and Roderic (Stan) Dallas, flew with the British Royal Naval
Air Service and Royal Air Force).[10][42] King was recommended for a bar to his
DFC, which was upgraded to the Distinguished Service Order and awarded on 3 Jun
e 1919. The recommendation noted his victories in the air and described him as h
aving "proved himself a very brilliant patrol leader" and as "a magnificent exam
ple at all times to all pilots in the Squadron by his keenness on the ground and
gallantry in the air which was of the highest possible order".[43][44] He was a
lso belatedly mentioned in despatches in July 1919 for his wartime service.[1][4
]
Interbellum and World War II[edit]
Four men in military uniforms with overcoats, standing next to a biplane parked
in front of a building
King (second right) with Captain George Jones (far right) and other officers of
No. 4 Squadron AFC, British Occupation forces in Germany, December 1918
Following the end of hostilities, No. 4 Squadron joined the British Army of Occu
pation at Bickendorf, near Cologne, Germany, in December 1918. The unit returned
to England in March 1919, and King sailed with it back to Australia aboard RMS
Kaisar-i-Hind on 6 May.[2][20] He left the AFC on 11 August 1919 in Melbourne, b
efore gaining employment as an air courier for Larkin-Sopwith Aviation Co. of Au
stralasia Ltd, which had been co-founded by fighter ace Herbert Larkin.[1][45] W
hile working for Larkin-Sopwith, King refused an appointment in the newly establ
ished Australian Air Corps (AAC) forerunner of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAA
F) because it had not then offered a commission to Frank McNamara, VC.[1][46] In a
letter to the AAC selection committee on 30 January 1920, he wrote "I feel I mu
st forfeit my place in favor (sic) of this very good and gallant officer"; McNam
ara received a commission in the AAC that April.[46]
King's career with Larkin-Sopwith involved many pioneering flights.[1] In 1920 a
lone, flying a Sopwith Gnu, he was credited with making the first aerial deliver
ies of mail and newspapers to various cities in eastern Australia,[47][48][49] a
nd with making the first aircraft landing at several townships in southern Queen
sland.[50] He also competed in air races.[51][52] By April 1922, working with La
rkin-Sopwith's successor, Larkin Aircraft Supply Co. Ltd, King was reported as h
aving safely flown 2,000 passengers and 48,000 miles (77,000 km) throughout Vict
oria, New South Wales and Queensland.[53][54] He soon left the aviation business
to go into partnership with another pilot, T.T. Shipman, founding Shipman, King
and Co. Pty Ltd.[1][55] Importing and building machinery, the company was succe
ssful and allowed King to take up the restoration and racing of motor vehicles.
He married Josephine Livingston, twenty, at St John's Anglican Church, Camberwel
l, on 31 March 1925. The couple had a son and a daughter.[1]
In December 1939, soon after the outbreak of World War II, King joined the RAAF
as a squadron leader. Initially considered for general flying duties, he was ass
igned training commands commencing in the new year.[1] On 2 January 1940, he bec
ame the inaugural commanding officer of No. 3 Elementary Flying Training School
(No. 3 EFTS) in Essendon, Victoria. Part of Australia's contribution to the Empi
re Air Training Scheme, No. 3 EFTS initially comprised a significant civilian pr
esence, many of the aircraft and staff under King's control being from private a
irline companies and the Royal Victorian Aero Club; by July, all private machine
s had been pressed into RAAF service and the civilian element largely disappeare
d.[56] King assumed command of No. 5 Elementary Flying Training School at Narrom
ine, New South Wales, on 21 December.[57] Promoted to wing commander, he took ov

er No. 1 Service Flying Training School at RAAF Point Cook, Victoria, from Group
Captain John McCauley on 7 July 1941.[58] In October, King was promoted to acti
ng group captain and posted to command the newly established Station Headquarter
s Point Cook. He died unexpectedly of cerebral oedema on 28 November, aged forty
-seven.[1] Survived by his wife and children, he was cremated at Fawkner Cremato
rium, Melbourne.[1][59] His funeral service at South Yarra was attended by hundr
eds of mourners from the military and civil aviation world, including the Chief
of the Air Staff, Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles Burnett, and a representative of
the Minister for Air; the pallbearers included Air Vice Marshal Henry Wrigley,
Air Commodore Raymond Brownell, Group Captain Allan Walters, and Wing Commander
Henry Winneke.[60] King's youngest brother Francis was serving as a flying offic
er with No. 30 Squadron in New Guinea when he was killed in an aircraft crash on
31 May 1943.[61][62] Elwyn Roy King's name appears on panel 97 in the Commemora
tive Area of the Australian War Memorial, Canberra.[63]
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Fraser, Alan. "King, Elwyn Roy (18
94 1941)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Roy King". The AIF Project. Archived from the original on 2
7 February 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Australian Imperial Force
Nominal Roll". Australian War Memorial. Ret
rieved 4 January 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Garrisson, Australian Fighter Aces, p. 93
^ Jump up to: a b "12th Light Horse Regiment". Australian War Memorial. Retrieve
d 2 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Stephens, The Royal Australian Air Force, p. 9
^ Jump up to: a b "Flying Corps return". The Sunday Times (Sydney: National Libr
ary of Australia). 15 June 1919. p. 1. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Molkentin, Fire in the Sky, p. 236
Jump up ^ Cutlack, The Australian Flying Corps, pp. 234, 239
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Newton, Australian Air Aces, p. 43
Jump up ^ Fraser, Alan. "McCloughry, Wilfred Ashton (1894 1943)". Australian Dicti
onary of Biography. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Molkentin, Fire in the Sky, p. 283
Jump up ^ Molkentin, Fire in the Sky, pp. 267, 281
Jump up ^ Cutlack, The Australian Flying Corps, pp. 281 282
Jump up ^ Cutlack, The Australian Flying Corps, pp. 284, 288
Jump up ^ Cutlack, The Australian Flying Corps, pp. 289 290
Jump up ^ Cutlack, The Australian Flying Corps, p. 298
Jump up ^ Cutlack, The Australian Flying Corps, p. 303
Jump up ^ Cutlack, The Australian Flying Corps, p. 338
^ Jump up to: a b c "4 Squadron AFC". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 26 Dece
mber 2009.
Jump up ^ Molkentin, Fire in the Sky, pp. 284 285
Jump up ^ Cutlack, The Australian Flying Corps, pp. 340 341
Jump up ^ Cutlack, The Australian Flying Corps, p. 313
Jump up ^ Cutlack, The Australian Flying Corps, pp. 346 349
Jump up ^ Molkentin, Fire in the Sky, p. 298
Jump up ^ Cutlack, The Australian Flying Corps, p. 350
Jump up ^ Cutlack, The Australian Flying Corps, p. 351
Jump up ^ Cutlack, The Australian Flying Corps, p. 353
Jump up ^ Cutlack, The Australian Flying Corps, p. 356
Jump up ^ "Recommendation: Distinguished Flying Cross". Australian War Memorial.
Retrieved 2 January 2014.
Jump up ^ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 31046. p. 14323. 3 December 1918.
Retrieved on 26 December 2009.
Jump up ^ Cutlack, The Australian Flying Corps, p. 359
Jump up ^ Molkentin, Fire in the Sky, p. 321
Jump up ^ Richards, Australian Airmen, p. 76
Jump up ^ Stephens, The Royal Australian Air Force, p. 21

Jump up ^ Odgers, Air Force Australia, pp. 42 43

^ Jump up to: a b c Cutlack, The Australian Flying Corps, pp. 376 379
Jump up ^ Molkentin, Fire in the Sky, pp. 321 322
Jump up ^ Cutlack, The Australian Flying Corps, p. 381
Jump up ^ Shores, British and Empire Aces, p. 76
Jump up ^ Shores et al., Above the Trenches, p. 224
Jump up ^ Wilson, The Brotherhood of Airmen, pp. 30 31
Jump up ^ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 31378. p. 7030. 3 June 1919. Retr
ieved on 26 December 2009.
Jump up ^ "Recommendation: Bar to Distinguished Flying Cross". Australian War Me
morial. Archived from the original on 10 October 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Smith, Ann G. "Larkin, Herbert Joseph (1894 1972)". Australian Dictionar
y of Biography. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Coulthard-Clark, The Third Brother, p. 20
Jump up ^ "Aeroplanes visit Sale". Gippsland Times (Gippsland, Victoria: Nationa
l Library of Australia). 11 March 1920. p. 3. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "'Couriers' by air". The Brisbane Courier (Brisbane: National Library
of Australia). 10 July 1920. p. 5. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Aerial mail in the Riverina". Maffra Spectator (Maffra, Victoria: Nat
ional Library of Australia). 20 December 1920. p. 3. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "Aviation". Forbes Advocate (Forbes, New South Wales: National Library
of Australia). 29 October 1920. p. 5. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Flying". The Barrier Miner (Broken Hill, New South Wales: National Li
brary of Australia). 3 January 1920. p. 2. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Victorian aerial derby". The Register (Adelaide: National Library of
Australia). 28 December 1920. p. 5. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Air travel". The Chronicle (Adelaide: National Library of Australia).
29 April 1922. p. 38. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Aviator's action". The Register (Adelaide: National Library of Austra
lia). 22 November 1923. p. 12. Retrieved 8 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Death of Group Capt E. R. King". The Argus (Melbourne: National Libra
ry of Australia). 29 November 1941. p. 3. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
Jump up ^ RAAF Historical Section, Units of the Royal Australian Air Force, pp.
18 19
Jump up ^ RAAF Historical Section, Units of the Royal Australian Air Force, pp.
22 23
Jump up ^ RAAF Historical Section, Units of the Royal Australian Air Force, pp.
100 101
Jump up ^ "King, Elwyn Roy". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 4 Jan
uary 2014.
Jump up ^ "Funeral of Group Capt King". The Argus (National Library of Australia
). 1 December 1941. p. 5. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Deaths on active service". The Argus (Melbourne: National Library of
Australia). 12 June 1943. p. 2. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Roll of Honour
Francis Cairo King". Australian War Memorial. Retrieve
d 12 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Roll of Honour Elwyn Roy King". Australian War Memorial. Retrieved 2
January 2014.
References[edit]
Coulthard-Clark, Chris (1991). The Third Brother: The Royal Australian Air Force
1921 39. North Sydney: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 0-04-442307-1.
Cutlack, F.M. (1941) [1923]. The Official History of Australia in the War of 191
4 1918 (11th edition): Volume VIII
The Australian Flying Corps in the Western and
Eastern Theatres of War, 1914 1918. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. OCLC 220900299.
Garrisson, A.D. (1999). Australian Fighter Aces 1914 1953. Fairbairn, Australian C
apital Territory: Air Power Studies Centre. ISBN 0-642-26540-2.
Molkentin, Michael (2010). Fire in the Sky: The Australian Flying Corps in the F
irst World War. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-74237-072-1.
Newton, Dennis (1996). Australian Air Aces. Fyshwyck, Australian Capital Territo
ry: Aerospace Publications. ISBN 1-875671-25-0.

Odgers, George (1996) [1984]. Air Force Australia. Frenchs Forest, New South Wal
es: National. ISBN 1-86436-081-X.
RAAF Historical Section (1995). Units of the Royal Australian Air Force: A Conci
se History. Volume 8: Training Units. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing
Service. ISBN 0-644-42800-7.
Richards, E.J. (ed.) (1918). Australian Airmen: History of the 4th Squadron, Aus
tralian Flying Corps. Melbourne: Bruce & Co. OCLC 3945672.
Shores, Christopher (2001). British and Empire Aces of World War 1. Oxford: Ospr
ey. ISBN 1-84176-377-2.
Shores, Christopher; Franks, Norman; Guest, Russell (1990). Above the Trenches:
A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces
, 1915 1920. London: Grub Street. ISBN 0-948817-19-4.
Stephens, Alan (2006) [2001]. The Royal Australian Air Force: A History. London:
Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-555541-4.
Wilson, David (2005). The Brotherhood of Airmen. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Al
len & Unwin. ISBN 1-74114-333-0.
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