Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Joint
Bone involved in
joint
Histological
classification of
joint
Mechanical
classification of
joint
Sutures
Skull bones
Sutures are
histologically
Fibrous joints
Sutures are
mechanically
immobile joints
Joint Movements
Temporomandibular - Mandible
joint
- Temporal bone
Teeth joints
Atlanto-occipital
joint are
histologically
synovial joints
Atlanto-occipital
joint are
mechanically hinge
joints
- Teeth
- Mandible
Atlanto-occipital
joint
- Maxilla
- Occipital
- Atlas
- Flexion
- Extension
Muscles
involved
- Masseter
- Temporalis
Posterior Neck
Muscles
Group
Attachments
Masseter
Muscles of Mastication
- Elevate Mandible
To: Mandible
Temporalis
Muscles of Mastication
- Elevate Mandible
To: Mandible
Muscles of Facial Expression
Face
- Facial Expressions
Masticatory
Apparatus
Ape: Chimpanzee
(Pan Troglodytes)
400cc
Ardipithecus
Australopithecus
Homo erectus
Humans
350cc
450cc
800cc
1250-1700cc
- Ardipithecus
have small
canines
- Australopithecus
have medium
sized Temporal
fossa,
Supraorbital
ridges, Zygomatic
arches
- Homo erectus
have prognanthic
face
- humans have
small Temporal
fossa,
Supraorbital
ridges, Zygomatic
arches
- Ardipithecus
have small
diastema
- Ardipithecus
have some
posterior
dominance
- Ardipithecus
have small
- Australopithecus
have medium
sized jaw
- Australopithecus
have 32 teeth
- Humans have
small round jaw
- Humans have 32
teeth
- Humans have
posterior
Functional
correlation
Neurocranium
size reflect
cognitive and
social ability
Masticatory
apparatus affects
diet
- Apes have
diastema
- Apes have
anterior
predominance
prognanthic face
- Australopithecus
have curved Jaw
predominance
- Australopithecus
have posterior
predominance
- Apes have
prognanthic face
Position of
Atlanto-occipital
joint (AOJ)
Apes have
Posterior Atlantooccipital joint
Australopithecus
have Anterior
Atlanto-occipital
joint
Homo Erectus
have Anterior
Atlanto-occipital
joint
Humans have
Anterior Atlantooccipital joint
Size of Nuchal
region
Australopithecus
Homo Erectus
Humans have
have intermediate have Intermediate small Nuchal
nuchal region
Nuchal region
region
Position of
Atlanto-occipital
joint affects head
balance and
alignment in
bipedal
locomotion
Size of nuchal
region reflects
size of muscle
attachments, thus
reflect muscle
activity to keel
eyes horizontal
Ape
Large
Australopithecus
Medium
Humans
small