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  • Protons Fuel Graphene Prospects - ScienceDaily

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    Metallic substances conduct electrical current easily, whereas insulating (nonmetallic) materials conduct no current at all. Semiconducting materials exhibit midrange electrical conductivity. When semiconducting materials are subjected to an input of a specific energy, bound electrons can move to higherenergy, conducting states. The specific energy required to make this jump to the conducting state is defined as the "band gap." While direct band gap materials can effectively absorb and emit light, indirect band gap materials, like diamond structured silicon, cannot. In order for silicon to be more attractive for use in new technology, its indirect band gap needed to be altered. Strobel and his team Carnegie's Duck Young Kim, Stevce Stefanoski and Oleksandr Kurakevych (now at Sorbonne) were able to synthesize a new form of silicon with a quasidirect band gap that falls within the desired range for solar absorption, something that has never before been achieved.

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    Protons Fuel Graphene Prospects -- ScienceDaily

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    Metallic substances conduct electrical current easily, whereas insulating (nonmetallic) materials conduct no current at all. Semiconducting materials exhibit midrange electrical conductivity. When semiconducting materials are subjected to an input of a specific energy, bound electrons can move to higherenergy, conducting states. The specific energy required to make this jump to the conducting state is defined as the "band gap." While direct band gap materials can effectively absorb and emit light, indirect band gap materials, like diamond structured silicon, cannot. In order for silicon to be more attractive for use in new technology, its indirect band gap needed to be altered. Strobel and his team Carnegie's Duck Young Kim, Stevce Stefanoski and Oleksandr Kurakevych (now at Sorbonne) were able to synthesize a new form of silicon with a quasidirect band gap that falls within the desired range for solar absorption, something that has never before been achieved.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    24 Ansichten2 Seiten

    Protons Fuel Graphene Prospects - ScienceDaily

    Hochgeladen von

    thymez
    Metallic substances conduct electrical current easily, whereas insulating (nonmetallic) materials conduct no current at all. Semiconducting materials exhibit midrange electrical conductivity. When semiconducting materials are subjected to an input of a specific energy, bound electrons can move to higherenergy, conducting states. The specific energy required to make this jump to the conducting state is defined as the "band gap." While direct band gap materials can effectively absorb and emit light, indirect band gap materials, like diamond structured silicon, cannot. In order for silicon to be more attractive for use in new technology, its indirect band gap needed to be altered. Strobel and his team Carnegie's Duck Young Kim, Stevce Stefanoski and Oleksandr Kurakevych (now at Sorbonne) were able to synthesize a new form of silicon with a quasidirect band gap that falls within the desired range for solar absorption, something that has never before been achieved.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    von 2

    11/28/2014

    ProtonsfuelgrapheneprospectsScienceDaily

    Protonsfuelgrapheneprospects
    Date:

    November26,2014

    Source: UniversityofManchester
    Publishedinthejournal
    Nature,thediscoverycould
    revolutionisefuelcellsand
    otherhydrogenbased
    technologiesastheyrequirea
    barrierthatonlyallowprotons
    hydrogenatomsstrippedoff
    theirelectronstopass
    through.
    Inaddition,graphene
    membranescouldbeusedto
    sievehydrogengasoutofthe
    atmosphere,whereitis
    presentinminutequantities,
    creatingthepossibilityof
    electricgeneratorspoweredby
    air.
    Oneatomthickmaterial
    graphene,firstisolatedand
    exploredin2004byateamat
    Grapheneallowsprotonstopassthroughit,contrarytopreviousthinking.
    TheUniversityofManchester,
    Credit:ImagecourtesyofUniversityofManchester
    isrenownedforitsbarrier
    properties,whichhasa
    numberofusesinapplications
    suchascorrosionproofcoatingsandimpermeablepackaging.
    Forexample,itwouldtakethelifetimeoftheuniverseforhydrogen,thesmallestofallatoms,topierceagraphene
    monolayer.
    NowagroupledbySirAndreGeimtestedwhetherprotonsarealsorepelledbygraphene.Theyfullyexpectedthat
    protonswouldbeblocked,asexistingtheorypredictedaslittleprotonpermeationasforhydrogen.
    Despitethepessimisticprognosis,theresearchersfoundthatprotonspassthroughtheultrathincrystalssurprisingly
    easily,especiallyatelevatedtemperaturesandifthefilmswerecoveredwithcatalyticnanoparticlessuchasplatinum.
    Thediscoverymakesmonolayersofgraphene,anditssistermaterialboronnitride,attractiveforpossibleusesas
    protonconductingmembranes,whichareattheheartofmodernfuelcelltechnology.Fuelcellsuseoxygenand
    hydrogenasafuelandconverttheinputchemicalenergydirectlyintoelectricity.Withoutmembranesthatallowan
    exclusiveflowofprotonsbutpreventotherspeciestopassthrough,thistechnologywouldnotexist.
    Despitebeingwellestablished,fuelcelltechnologyrequiresfurtherimprovementstomakeitmorewidelyused.Oneof
    themajorproblemsisafuelcrossoverthroughtheexistingprotonmembranes,whichreducestheirefficiencyand
    durability.
    TheUniversityofManchesterresearchsuggeststhattheuseofgrapheneormonolayerboronnitridecanallowthe
    existingmembranestobecomethinnerandmoreefficient,withlessfuelcrossoverandpoisoning.Thiscanboost
    competitivenessoffuelcells.
    TheManchestergroupalsodemonstratedthattheironeatomthickmembranescanbeusedtoextracthydrogenfroma
    http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141126094242.htm

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    11/28/2014

    ProtonsfuelgrapheneprospectsScienceDaily

    humidatmosphere.Theyhypothesisethatsuchharvestingcanbecombinedtogetherwithfuelcellstocreateamobile
    electricgeneratorthatisfuelledsimplybyhydrogenpresentinair.
    MarceloLozadaHidalgo,aPhDstudentandcorrespondingauthorofthispaper,said:"Whenyouknowhowitshould
    work,itisaverysimplesetup.Youputahydrogencontaininggasononeside,applysmallelectriccurrentandcollect
    purehydrogenontheotherside.Thishydrogencanthenbeburnedinafuelcell.
    "Weworkedwithsmallmembranes,andtheachievedflowofhydrogenisofcoursetinysofar.Butthisistheinitial
    stageofdiscovery,andthepaperistomakeexpertsawareoftheexistingprospects.Tobuildupandtesthydrogen
    harvesterswillrequiremuchfurthereffort."
    DrShengHu,apostdoctoralresearcherandthefirstauthorinthiswork,added:"Itlooksextremelysimpleandequally
    promising.Becausegraphenecanbeproducedthesedaysinsquaremetresheets,wehopethatitwillfinditswayto
    commercialfuelcellssoonerratherthanlater."
    StorySource:
    TheabovestoryisbasedonmaterialsprovidedbyUniversityofManchester.Note:Materialsmaybeeditedfor
    contentandlength.
    JournalReference:
    1. S.Hu,M.LozadaHidalgo,F.C.Wang,A.Mishchenko,F.Schedin,R.R.Nair,E.W.Hill,D.W.Boukhvalov,M.I.
    Katsnelson,R.A.W.Dryfe,I.V.Grigorieva,H.A.Wu,A.K.Geim.Protontransportthroughoneatomthick
    crystals.Nature,2014DOI:10.1038/nature14015
    CiteThisPage:
    MLA

    APA

    Chicago

    UniversityofManchester."Protonsfuelgrapheneprospects."ScienceDaily.ScienceDaily,26November2014.
    <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141126094242.htm>.

    http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141126094242.htm

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