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Massachusetts Profile

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Massachusetts State Energy Profile


Massachusetts Quick Facts
Massachusetts hosts three liquefied natural gas import terminals. Only one has received imports since 2010, and it
typically supplies about 20% of New Englands demand for natural gas; all other natural gas comes by pipeline.
One of the nations two Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserves storage sites, which are intended to cushion the
effects of disruptions in the supply of home heating oil, is located in Revere, Massachusetts.
Massachusetts generated 63% of its electricity from natural gas and 12% from coal in 2013.
In 2013, 9.3% of Massachusetts net electricity generation came from renewable energy resources, primarily from
biomass and hydroelectricity.
Massachusetts is the site of the first federally approved proposed offshore wind project, Cape Wind, and is working
to open more offshore areas for wind.
Compared to the U.S. average, a greater proportion of Massachusetts residents (31 percent) use fuel oil as their
main space heating fuel and a much smaller proportion of residents (10 percent) use electricity, according to EIA's
Residential Energy Consumption Survey.
Last Updated: March 27, 2014

http://www.eia.gov/state/print.cfm?sid=MA

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Massachusetts Profile

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Massachusetts Energy Consumption Estimates, 2012


Coal
Natural Gas
Motor Gasoline excl. Ethanol
Distillate Fuel Oil
Jet Fuel
LPG
Residual Fuel
Other Petroleum
Nuclear Electric Power
Hydroelectric Power
Biomass
Other Renewables
Net Interstate Flow of Electricity
0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Trillion Btu

Source: Energy Information Administration, State Energy Data System

http://www.eia.gov/state/print.cfm?sid=MA

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Massachusetts Profile

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Data
Last Update: November 20, 2014 | Next Update: December 18, 2014

Energy Indicators
Demography

Massachusetts

Share of U.S.

Period

Population

6.7 million

2.1%

2013

Civilian Labor Force

3.5 million

2.3%

Sep-14

Economy

Massachusetts

U.S. Rank

Period

Gross Domestic
Product

$ 431.9 billion

12

2012

Gross Domestic
Product for the
Manufacturing Sector

$ 44,390 million

17

2012

Per Capita Personal


Income

$ 56,923

2013

Vehicle Miles Traveled 55,940 million miles

22

2012

Land in Farms

0.5 million acres

46

2012

Petroleum

Massachusetts

U.S. Average

Period

Domestic Crude Oil


First Purchase

--

$ 90.66 /barrel

Aug-14

Natural Gas

Massachusetts

U.S. Average

Period

find more

City Gate

$ 9.22 /thousand cu ft

$ 5.30 /thousand cu ft

Aug-14

find more

Residential

$ 16.23 /thousand cu ft

$ 17.39 /thousand cu ft

Aug-14

find more

Coal

Massachusetts

U.S. Average

Period

find more

Average Sales Price

--

$ 39.95 /short ton

2012

Delivered to Electric
Power Sector

$ 2.36 /million Btu

Aug-14

Electricity

Massachusetts

U.S. Average

Period

find more

Residential

17.69 cents/kWh

13.01 cents/kWh

Aug-14

find more

Commercial

14.76 cents/kWh

11.07 cents/kWh

Aug-14

find more

Industrial

12.60 cents/kWh

7.38 cents/kWh

Aug-14

find more

Prices
find more

Reserves & Supply

http://www.eia.gov/state/print.cfm?sid=MA

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Massachusetts Profile

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Reserves

Massachusetts

Share of U.S.

Period

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Crude Oil

--

--

2012

find more

Dry Natural Gas

--

--

2012

find more

Expected Future
Production of Natural
Gas Plant Liquids

--

--

2012

find more

Recoverable Coal at
Producing Mines

--

--

2012

find more

Rotary Rigs & Wells

Massachusetts

Share of U.S.

Period

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Rotary Rigs in
Operation

0 rigs

0.0%

2013

Natural Gas Producing -Wells

--

2013

find more

Production

Massachusetts

Share of U.S.

Period

find more

Total Energy

128 trillion Btu

0.2%

2012

find more

Crude Oil

--

--

Aug-14

find more

Natural Gas - Marketed --

--

2013

find more

Coal

--

--

2012

find more

Capacity

Massachusetts

Share of U.S.

Period

Crude Oil Refinery


-Capacity (as of Jan. 1)

--

2014

Electric Power Industry 13,180 MW


Net Summer Capacity

1.2%

Aug-14

Net Electricity
Generation

Massachusetts

Share of U.S.

Period

Total Net Electricity


Generation

2,940 thousand MWh

0.8%

Aug-14

Net Electricity
Massachusetts
Generation (share of
total)

U.S. Average

Period

Petroleum-Fired

0.5 %

0.3 %

Aug-14

find more

Natural Gas-Fired

74.3 %

31.6 %

Aug-14

find more

Coal-Fired

1.4 %

38.9 %

Aug-14

find more

Nuclear

14.5 %

18.5 %

Aug-14

find more

Hydroelectric

2.6 %

5.2 %

Aug-14

find more

http://www.eia.gov/state/print.cfm?sid=MA

find more

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Massachusetts Profile

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Other Renewables

5.4 %

4.9 %

Aug-14

Stocks

Massachusetts

Share of U.S.

Period

Motor Gasoline
(Excludes Pipelines)

9 thousand barrels

Aug-14

Distillate Fuel Oil


(Excludes Pipelines)

1,489 thousand barrels

1.5%

Aug-14

find more

Natural Gas in
Underground Storage

--

--

Aug-14

find more

Petroleum Stocks at
Electric Power
Producers

1,155 thousand barrels

4.1%

Aug-14

find more

Aug-14

find more

Coal Stocks at Electric W


Power Producers

find more

Production Facilities Massachusetts


Major Coal Mines

None

find more

Petroleum Refineries

None

find more

Major Non-Nuclear
Electricity Generating
Plants

Mystic Generating Station (Boston Generating LLC) ; Canal (Mirant


Canal LLC) ; Brayton Point (Dominion Energy New England, LLC) ;
Stony Brook (Massachusetts Mun Wholes Electric Co) ; Northfield
Mountain (FirstLight Power Resources Services LLC)

Nuclear Power Plants

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (Entergy Nuclear Generation Co)

find more

Distribution & Marketing


Distribution Centers

Massachusetts

Petroleum Ports

Boston.

Natural Gas Market


Hubs

None

Major Pipelines

Massachusetts

Crude Oil

None

Petroleum Product

Exxon Mobil, Buckeye Partners

Natural Gas Liquids

None

find more

find more

Interstate Natural Gas Algonquin Gas Transmission Co., Maritimes/Northeast Pipeline Co.,
Pipelines
Tennessee Gas Pipeline Co.
Fueling Stations

Massachusetts

Share of U.S.

Period

Motor Gasoline

2,025 stations

1.8%

2011

Liquefied Petroleum
Gases

20 stations

0.7%

2013

http://www.eia.gov/state/print.cfm?sid=MA

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Massachusetts Profile

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Compressed Natural
Gas

20 stations

1.7%

2013

Ethanol

8 stations

0.3%

2013

2.6%

2013

Other Alternative Fuels 421 stations


Consumption & Expenditures
Summary

Massachusetts

U.S. Rank

Period

Total Consumption

1,386 trillion Btu

28

2012

find more

Total Consumption per 209 million Btu


Capita

45

2012

find more

Total Expenditures

17

2012

find more

Total Expenditures per $ 3,960


Capita

38

2012

find more

by End-Use Sector

Massachusetts

Share of U.S.

Period

Residential

409 trillion Btu

2.1%

2012

find more

Commercial

270 trillion Btu

1.6%

2012

find more

Industrial

257 trillion Btu

0.8%

2012

find more

Transportation

450 trillion Btu

1.7%

2012

find more

Residential

$ 6,828 million

2.9%

2012

find more

Commercial

$ 3,679 million

2.1%

2012

find more

Industrial

$ 3,112 million

1.4%

2012

find more

Transportation

$ 12,698 million

1.8%

2012

find more

Massachusetts

Share of U.S.

Period

Petroleum

103.2 million barrels

1.5%

2012

find more

Natural Gas

416.4 billion cu ft

1.6%

2012

find more

Coal

1.0 million short tons

0.1%

2012

find more

Petroleum

$ 15,851 million

1.8%

2012

find more

Natural Gas

$ 3,408 million

2.6%

2012

find more

Coal

$ 90 million

0.2%

2012

find more

$ 26,317 million

Consumption

Expenditures

by Source
Consumption

Expenditures

http://www.eia.gov/state/print.cfm?sid=MA

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Massachusetts Profile

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Consumption for
Massachusetts
Electricity Generation

Share of U.S.

Period

find more

Petroleum

25 thousand barrels

1.4%

Aug-14

find more

Natural Gas

16,775 million cu ft

1.8%

Aug-14

find more

Coal

21 thousand short tons

Aug-14

find more

Energy Source Used Massachusetts


for Home Heating
(share of households)

U.S. Average

Period

Natural Gas

49.9 %

48.3 %

2013

Fuel Oil

29.2 %

5.5 %

2013

Electricity

14.6 %

37.4 %

2013

Liquefied Petroleum
Gases

3.2 %

4.8 %

2013

Other/None

3.0 %

3.9 %

2013

Environment
Special Programs

Massachusetts

find more

Clean Cities Coalitions Massachusetts Clean Cities Coalition


Alternative Fuels

Massachusetts

Share of U.S.

Period

find more

Alternative Fueled
Vehicles in Use

11,161 vehicles

0.9%

2011

find more

Ethanol Plant
Operating Capacity

0 million gal/year

0.0%

2014

find more

Ethanol Consumption

6,625 thousand barrels

2.2%

2012

find more

Total Emissions

Massachusetts

Share of U.S.

Period

find more

Carbon Dioxide

66.0 million metric tons

1.2%

2011

Electric Power
Industry Emissions

Massachusetts

Share of U.S.

Period

Carbon Dioxide

14,346,389 metric tons

0.7%

2012

Sulfur Dioxide

14,894 metric tons

0.4%

2012

Nitrogen Oxide

13,873 metric tons

0.6%

2012

find more

Analysis
Last Updated: December 18, 2013

Overview
http://www.eia.gov/state/print.cfm?sid=MA

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Massachusetts Profile

Massachusetts is among the most densely populated states in the nation and
home to more than two of every five New England residents. However, the
population is concentrated in the east, near Boston, and half of the state's land
remains forested. The state rises from the coastal marshes of Cape Cod on the
east to the fringes of the Taconic, Green and White Mountains to the north and
west. Precipitation is equally distributed over the four seasons, and even coastal
areas can get heavy snows. The ocean-moderated climate to the east helps make
Massachusetts the nation's second largest grower of cranberries, while the western
hills thrive on wood products and tourism.
Per capita energy consumption is low, in part because of aggressive state
efficiency programs and the Massachusetts economy's reliance on less energyintensive industries such as financial services, information technology, health care,

11/28/14, 10:48 PM

State efficiency
programs help
make
Massachusetts
among the least
energy-intensive
states.

and clean energy technologies. Industrial consumption of energy is typically in the lower one-third nationally. The
transportation and residential sectors lead state energy consumption.

Petroleum
The Port of Boston, the oldest continuously active port in the nation, has petroleum product terminals that supply most of
Massachusetts's oil demand. Massachusetts does not produce or refine petroleum. Refined products are transported to
Boston Harbor by ship or barge, mainly from East and Gulf Coast refineries, Canada, and Europe for redistribution inland.
In addition, two small-capacity product pipelines run from ports in Connecticut and Rhode Island to Springfield in central
Massachusetts.
Massachusetts is one of a handful of states that require the statewide use of reformulated motor gasoline blended with
ethanol to limit ozone formation. One in three Massachusetts homes is heated primarily with fuel oil, making the state, like
much of New England, vulnerable to distillate fuel oil shortages and price spikes during the winter months.
In early 2000, heating oil prices rose sharply when extreme weather increased demand while frozen rivers hindered
delivery of new supply. That year, the Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve was created to cushion against a future
shortage. In 2011, the U.S. Department of Energy converted the reserve to ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) to correspond
with decisions by several northeastern states to begin requiring ULSD for heating. Massachusetts will phase in ULSD
between 2014 and 2018. One of the new reserves, with half a million barrels, is in Revere. The other, of equal size, is in
Groton, Connecticut.

Natural gas
Massachusetts produces no natural gas but consumes half of the natural gas used in New England. Electric power
generators and the residential sector are the state's leading consumers of natural gas. Massachusetts receives its
supplies by pipeline from other states and Canada, and by ship as liquefied natural gas (LNG), mainly from the Caribbean
and the Middle East. Pipelines entering the state from New York and Rhode Island bring natural gas from the U.S. Gulf
and Pennsylvania. A pipeline from Maine through New Hampshire brings in Canadian gas.
Massachusetts has the only LNG import terminals in New England, at Everett on
Boston Harbor and offshore from Gloucester. Together with the Canaport LNG
terminal in St. John, New Brunswick, which sends natural gas south by pipeline,
the terminals typically deliver about one-fourth of New England's natural gas
supply. With U.S. natural gas prices low in 2011 and 2012, LNG deliveries were
largely limited to contract deliveries at Everett and Canaport. Massachusetts
http://www.eia.gov/state/print.cfm?sid=MA

Massachusetts
has New
England's only
operating LNG
Page 8 of 12

Massachusetts Profile

typically transmits natural gas by pipeline to other New England states during the
year, but it is a net exporter only to Connecticut.

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import
terminals.

About half of Massachusetts households rely on natural gas as their primary


energy source for home heating. Because of the difference in cost between natural
gas and fuel oil, increasing numbers of homeowners have been switching to natural gas. Like other New England states,
Massachusetts has no natural gas storage and depends on storage capacity in New York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia,
and Ohio to meet peak winter demand. As increasing amounts of natural gas are used for electricity generation in
Massachusetts and New England-wide, assurance of natural gas supply is becoming a critical strategic energy issue for
the region.

Coal
Like other New England states, Massachusetts is gradually generating less electricity from coal, dropping from about onefourth of net generation in years past to about one-tenth recently. With no active coal mining, Massachusetts obtains all of
its coal either from foreign suppliers by ocean vessel or from West Virginia and Kentucky by rail.
Massachusetts has three operational coal-fired generating plants. Owners of the Salem Harbor plant, north of Boston, plan
to repower it with natural gas after 2014, and owners of the Brayton Point plant, on the coast at Somerset, say it will be
shut permanently in 2017. The remaining coal-fired plant is near Holyoke in the state's center. Small industrial coal-fired
plants also generate power for two manufacturing complexes in Worcester and Springfield.

Electricity
Natural gas has become the dominant fuel for Massachusetts electricity, producing
two-thirds of net generation. At the turn of the century, as much as half of the
state's net electric generation came from coal and petroleum. Now, almost no
petroleum is used, and coal has dropped to around one-tenth of net generation.
Nearly one-third of the state's generating capacity is still either petroleum- or coalfired, and, on peak summer days, the New England grid may use petroleum and
coal resources to meet nearly one-fourth of its needs, raising reliability concerns as
those resources are shut down.
As in other New England states, the switch to natural gas in Massachusetts has
been driven by its recent low cost compared to both coal and petroleum. Virtually
all new non-renewable electricity generation being planned in Massachusetts
would be fueled by natural gas. Massachusetts also typically gets more than oneeighth of its net electricity generation from the Pilgrim nuclear power plant in

Natural gas has


become the
dominant fuel
for electricity
generation in
Massachusetts,
displacing coal
and petroleum.

Plymouth on Cape Cod Bay.


Massachusetts has been part of the Independent System Operator-New England (ISO-NE) regional electricity market
since 1999. Nearly all state net electricity generation comes from independent power producers. The state uses more
electricity than it generates. Per capita residential electricity use is lower in Massachusetts than the national average. Few
households use electricity as their primary energy source for home heating. Although 9 in 10 Massachusetts homes have
air conditioning, only 3 in 4 use it during the mild summer months.
ISO-NE has promoted demand response programs as one strategy to maintain the reliability of the electricity grid.
Massachusetts consumers have committed to make substantial power reductions during peaks and emergencies. In 2010,
the state also created an Alternative Energy Portfolio Standard, requiring that 5% of electric load in 2020 be met with high-

http://www.eia.gov/state/print.cfm?sid=MA

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efficiency distributed energy such as industrial cogeneration.


Massachusetts is part of the northeastern Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) to limit carbon emissions from
power generation. With its declining use of coal and petroleum for electricity generation, the state is well within its RGGI
goals and has increased its carbon reduction requirements.

Renewable energy
Compliance with Massachusetts' Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) began in 2003, making it the oldest in New
England. The RPS, as amended in 2008, requires companies selling retail electricity in Massachusetts to obtain 1% more
from specified renewable sources each year. There is no ceiling to the obligation. Under that requirement, renewable
generation must account for 15% of total electricity sold in 2020.
The state is limiting the amount of generation that counts toward the RPS from older biomass and waste-to-energy
facilities, requiring more electricity to come from new renewable generators. The state is also revamping its rules for use of
woody biomass to ensure all generation counted in the RPS is environmentally sustainable. Massachusetts' in-state
renewable generation currently comes almost entirely from biomass and small hydroelectric facilities.
Most new renewable generating resources planned in New England are windpowered, and Massachusetts has set a goal of 2,000 megawatts of wind capacity
by 2020. About 5% of that capacity was in place by mid-2013. Federal studies rank
Massachusetts' wind resources as excellent around Cape Cod and the islands of
Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket. Some ridge crests in the Berkshire Mountains in
western Massachusetts also have good potential. Most wind development so far
has been in the Berkshires.
But offshore regions have the highest wind resource potential. Massachusetts
issued the nation's first comprehensive Ocean Energy Management Plan for state
waters in 2010, identifying areas appropriate for offshore wind development.
Massachusetts is the site of the first federally approved proposed offshore wind

Massachusetts
aims to have
2,000
megawatts of
wind and 1,600
megawatts of
solar capacity
by 2020.

project, Cape Wind, and is working with the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy
Management to open more offshore areas for wind development. With federal
grants, the state in 2011 opened the first U.S. facility able to test wind turbine blades up to 90 feet long.

Massachusetts's RPS includes a solar "carve-out" that will grow to 400 megawatts of solar capacity. As of mid-2013,
Massachusetts had surpassed a separate goal, set by the governor, of 250 megawatts of solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity;
the governor reset the goal to 1,600 megawatts by 2020. State solar facilities include an 8,200-panel facility on the site of
a former metal foundry in Springfield. At 2.3 megawatts, it was New England's largest solar PV facility when it opened in
2011, but another Massachusetts solar facility reached 5 megawatts less than 2 years later.

Other Resources
Energy-Related Regions and Organizations
Regional Transmission Organization (RTO): ISO New England (ISO-NE)
Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PADD): 1A
North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) Region: Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC)

http://www.eia.gov/state/print.cfm?sid=MA

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Other Websites
Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, Department of Public Utilities
Massachusetts Executive Office of Housing and Economic Development, Housing Energy Programs
Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, Energy, Utilities & Clean Technologies
Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, Green Communities
Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, Clean Cities Coalition and Alternative
Transportation
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Data Center - Federal and State Incentives and Laws
Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs, Energy, Utilities & Clean Technologies,
Energy Efficiency
Benefits.Gov Energy Assistance (105)
DSIRE - Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency
National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC)
National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO)
National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL)-Issues and Research - News Highlights: Issues and Research Energy
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)-Dynamic Maps, Geographic Information System (GIS) Data and
Analysis Tools - Maps
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Maps, Imagery, and Publications - Maps
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
United States Department of Health and Human Services - Administration for Children and Families - Low Income
Home Energy Assistance Program
Email suggestions for additional Massachusetts website resources to: states@eia.gov.

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Massachusetts Profile

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