PILOT PROJECT REPORT

VERSION 1.0.1

NORTHSHORE DRIVE
ROAD AND DRAINAGE IMPROVEMENTS
CITY OF BELLINGHAM

Prepared by
Craig Weiland
8/21/2010

CONTENTS
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................1
ProjectDescription........................................................................................................................................................1
CaseStudySummary.....................................................................................................................................................3
CreditDiscussionbyCategory.......................................................................................................................................4
ProjectRequirements(PR).......................................................................................................................................4
Environment&Water(EW).....................................................................................................................................5
Access&Equity(AE)................................................................................................................................................6
ConstructionActivities(CA).....................................................................................................................................8
Materials&Resources(MR)....................................................................................................................................9
PavementTechnologies(PT)..................................................................................................................................10
PotentialCustomCredits.......................................................................................................................................11
Recommendations.......................................................................................................................................................11
Limitations...................................................................................................................................................................12
References...................................................................................................................................................................12

FIGURES
Figure1:ProjectLocation..............................................................................................................................................2
Figure2:ProjectSiteMap.............................................................................................................................................2

TABLES
Table1:SummaryofCaseStudyResults.......................................................................................................................3
Table2:ProjectRequirementsCategory.......................................................................................................................4
Table3:Environment&WaterVoluntaryCreditCategory...........................................................................................5
Table4:Access&EquityVoluntaryCreditCategory.....................................................................................................7
Table5:ConstructionActivitiesVoluntaryCreditCategory..........................................................................................8
Table6:Materials&ResourcesVoluntaryCreditCategory..........................................................................................9
Table7:PavementTechnologiesVoluntaryCreditCategory......................................................................................10
Table8:PotentialCustomCredits...............................................................................................................................11

APPENDICES
AppendixA:AbouttheGreenroadsRatingSystem
AppendixB:CaseStudyMethod
AppendixC:GreenroadsProgressScorecard
AppendixD:ProjectCalculations

Greenroads Case Study

Northshore Drive Road and Drainage Improvements

INTRODUCTION
ThisreportreflectstheresultsoftheGreenroadsCaseStudyfortheNorthshoreDriveRoadandDrainage
ImprovementsProjectfortheCityofBellingham.TheresultsarepresentedusingtheGreenroadsProgress
Scorecardsupplementedbyadetailedcreditbycreditdiscussion.Recommendationsarealsoincludedforapplying
theGreenroadssustainabilityperformancemetrictotheproject.
ThisCaseStudyincludedareviewofthefollowingprojectdocuments:

Projectplansandspecifications
SiteGeotechnicalreport
Stormwaterdesignreport
Materialtickets
Determinationofnonsignificance(DNS)SEPAfinding
Porouspavementsmaintenancestudy
Communityoutreachpresentation
PhoneconversationswithFreemanAnthony
Sitevisiton5/22/2010.ReviewermetwithFreemanAnthony,ProjectEngineer,CityofBellingham,and
discussedproject

Thefollowingsectionprovidesabriefprojectdescription.AdetaileddescriptionoftheGreenroadsperformance
metriccanbefoundinAppendixA,includingashortlistofGreenroadsProjectRequirements(PR)andVoluntary
Credits(VC)forreference.AdescriptionoftheCaseStudymethodologyisprovidedinAppendixB,includingan
explanationofthetermsusedintheGreenroadsProgressScorecard(AppendixC).Supportingcalculationsfors
earnedareprovidedinAppendixD.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION
TheprojectislocatedintheSilverBeachareaoftheCityofBellingham.ThisisonthenorthshoreofLake
Whatcom,thewatersourceforamajorityofWhatcomCounty.TheprojectincludedallofNorthshoreDrivefrom
theDakinStreetintersectiontotheBrittonRoadintersection.Thedesignwaslooselybasedonarecentprojectby
theCityofOlympiacalledRWJohnsonBoulevardthatusedporousbikelanesandsidewalksalongatraditional
roadway.NorthshoreDrivereceivedahotmixasphaltoverlayaftersurfacegrindingtheexistingroadwayand
makingminoralignmentmodifications.Lanewidthswerereducedto11feettoaccommodatenewbikelanesand
sidewalks.Anewstormwaterdrainagesystemwasalsoinstalled.

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Greenroads Case Study

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Figure1:ProjectLocation

Figure2:ProjectSiteMap

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Greenroads Case Study

Northshore Drive Road and Drainage Improvements

CASE STUDY SUMMARY

TheNorthshoreDriveRoadandDrainageImprovementsProjecthasmet6ofthe11GreenroadsProject
Requirements.Inordertoachieveanypresetcertificationlevelall11ProjectRequirementsmustbecompleted
anddocumented.
Twentynine(29)ofthe108possiblevoluntarycreditswereearned,withnoadditionalpointsawardedfor
proposedcustomcredits,bringingthetotalnumberofcreditsearnedto29of118possible.Thiswouldnotqualify
theprojectforaGreenroadsratingifProjectRequirementsweremet.
Thisprojectshowsthatalowlevelofadditionaleffortwillearnupto52VoluntaryCreditpoints(notincluding
CustomCreditpoints).ThisisalargeportionofthepointsrequiredforaGreenroadsGoldcertification,butthe
projectwouldneedtoincorporate2additionalpointstomeetthatawardlevel.Bypursuingpracticesthatrequire
amoderateorhighlevelofadditionaleffort(oracombinationofallthree),allfourcertificationlevelsupto
Evergreenappeartobefeasible.
TheGreenroadsScorecardforthisprojectisincludedasAppendixC.
Table1summarizestheresultsofthisGreenroadsCaseStudy.
Table1:SummaryofCaseStudyResults
ProjectName
ProjectRequirementsMet(of11Total)
QualifyforCertificationLevel
VoluntaryCreditPointsPursued(of108Total)
VoluntaryCreditPointsEarned(of108Total)
CustomCreditsIdentified
Comments
PotentialAwardLevelatLowAdditionalEffort
PotentialAwardLevelatModerateAdditionalEffort
PotentialAwardLevelatHighAdditionalEffort

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NorthshoreDriveRoad&Drainage
Improvements
6
None
29
29
0
PRsIncomplete
Silver
Gold
Evergreen

Greenroads Case Study

Northshore Drive Road and Drainage Improvements

CREDIT DISCUSSION BY CATEGORY

ThissectioncontainsadetailedreviewofcreditsawardedandnotawardedtotheNorthshoreDriveRoadand
DrainageImprovementsProject.Creditintentwillnotbediscussed,andthereaderisreferredtoAppendixBfor
thesedetails.

PROJECT REQUIREMENTS (PR)

Six(6)of11ProjectRequirementsweremetthroughconventionalpractice.TheseareoutlinedinTable2.
Additionally,five(5)oftheserequirementsareincludedasbestpracticesintheCityofBellinghamStandard
Specifications.
Table2:ProjectRequirementsCategory
RequirementsMet
RequirementsNotMet
No.

Title
No.
Title
PR1 EnvironmentalReviewProcess*
PR2
Lifecycle CostAnalysis(LCCA)
PR5 NoiseMitigationPlan*
PR3
LifecycleInventory(LCI)
PR7 PollutionPreventionPlan*
PR4
QualityControlPlan
PR8 LowImpactDevelopment(LID)*
PR6
WasteManagementPlan
PR9 PavementMaintenancePlan*
PR10 SiteMaintenancePlan
PR11 EducationalOutreach
*DenotesreferenceinStandardSpecifications,orinstitutionalbestpractice.
PR1EnvironmentalReviewProcess
CityofBellinghamprovidedacopyofaLetterofDeterminationofNonSignificance(DNS)thatstatesaSEPA
checklistwascompletedonApril14,2008.Thisisoneofthespecifieddocumentsforproofofcompletionof
thisrequirement.
PR2LifecycleCostAnalysis(LCCA)
Notperformedonthisproject.ThisisnottypicallydonebytheLocalAgency.Thiscouldbeachievedeasily
becausetheydohavemaintenanceplansinplaceandcouldvaluethemforthelifecycleofthepavement.
PR3LifecycleInventory(LCI)
Thiswasinformallyperformedduringthedesignphase,accordingtoFreemanAnthonyoftheCityof
Bellingham.ThereisnodocumentationofanyactualLCIoranyindicationthatanyempiricalLCIinfluencedthe
designoftheproject.ThisprojectrequirementcouldeasilybeachievedwiththeuseofGreenroadsPaLATE
softwareavailableatwww.greenroads.us.
PR4QualityControlPlan
TheCityofBellinghamdoesnotnormallyrequestcontractorscompleteaQualityControlPlan.Theywould
needtorequirethecontractortoproduceaQualityControlPlaninthefuturetomeetthisGreenroads
requirement.
PR5NoiseMitigationPlan
TheCityhasnoisestandardsthatprecludecertainhoursofwork.ThereisnoformalNoiseMitigationPlan;this
wouldneedtobecompletedtomeetthisprojectrequirementforcertification.Thiswouldbequiteeasysince
theyalreadyhavenoisestandardsinplace.
PR6WasteManagementPlan
TheCityofBellinghamdoesnotcurrentlyrequirewastemanagementplansontheirprojects.Thismustbe
completedonfutureprojectstoachieveaGreenroadsrating.

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PR7PollutionPreventionPlan
AStormwaterPollutionPreventionPlanwascreatedbythecontractorforthisproject.ForGreenroads
certificationacopyoftheSWPPPwouldneedtobesubmitted.Thisisarequirementandallprojectsforthe
CityofBellinghamshouldmeetthisPR.
PR8LowImpactDevelopment(LID)
TheCityofBellinghamalwaysrequiresthis,buttheirdocumentsdonotspecificallycalloutLID.Geotechnical
reportsandastormwaterdesignreporthavebeenprovidedthatwouldmeettherequirementsofthisproject
requirementbutshouldbechangedslightlytoincludeLIDspecificallyforGreenroadscertification.
PR9PavementManagementProgram
BellinghamhasaPavementManagementSystem,whichmeetsthisprojectrequirement,inwhichtheyperform
yearlyreviewsandmaintainanoperatinglistoftheroadstatus(withapointsystem)andnecessaryrepairs.
PR10SiteMaintenancePlan
Thisprojectincludeslandscapemaintenanceasapartofthecontractforthefirsttwoyearsandthen
maintenancebecomespartofCityoperations.Thecityalsohasasystemwidemaintenanceplanthatscores
roadsbasedontheirdeficienciesandtheworstscoresgettherequiredattention.Astandalonesite
maintenanceplanorotherdocumentationfromthecurrentplanwouldneedtobeprovidedshowingaplanto
regularlymaintaintheroadway,stormwatersystem,roadsidevegetation,snowandicecontrol,trafficcontrol
infrastructure,andcleaning.TheCityofBellinghamalreadyhasmaintenanceplansinplace,butitwould
requirealittlemoreefforttodemonstratethatthisprojectrequirementcanbemet.
PR11EducationalOutreach
Therewasaninitialmeetingwiththeneighborhoodassociationboardandaneighborhoodmeetingforpublic
commentpriortotheproject.Therewasalsoafullopenhousepresentationoftheplansat90%designfor
publiccomment.Aweeklyemailwassentouttoneighboringresidentsandtherewasaprojectwebsite.A
followuppresentationwasmadetoasecondgradeclassforaneighboringschool.Thismeets3ofthe
educationalelementsintheprojectrequirement,therequirementforthePR.

ENVIRONMENT & WATER (EW)

Thisprojectearned6ofthe21pointsavailableinthiscategory.Theachievedcredits,RunoffFlowControland
RunoffQuality,wereacquiredbecauseofthepermeablepavementrunoffsystemanddecreaseinrunoffarea.The
creditsearnedinthiscategoryareoutlinedinTable3.
Table3:Environment&WaterVoluntaryCreditCategory
CreditsEarned
No.

Title
No.
EW2 RunoffFlowControl
EW1
EW3 RunoffQuality
EW4

EW5

EW6

EW7

EW8

CreditsNotEarned
Title
EnvironmentalManagementSystem
StormwaterCostAnalysis
SiteVegetation
HabitatRestoration
EcologicalConnectivity
LightPollution

EW1EnvironmentalManagementSystem
TheprimecontractorwasnotISO14001:2004certifiedanddidnotproduceanEMS.Thiswouldrequireahigh
levelofeffortforthecontractortobecomecertified.

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EW2RunoffFlowControl
Aprojectdrainagedesignreportwasproducedthatshowsthesmallerareaofimpervioussurfaceforthenew
pavement.Thenowpervioussurfacesfilterdowntoanunderdrainwheretheflowiscollectedandtreated.
Thisdocumentdoesnotcalculatethe90thpercentileaverageannualrainfallevent.Thedocumentdoesnot
expressrunoffvolumeachievedasapercentofpredevelopmentvolume,butitdoesindicatedthatitshouldbe
greaterthantheexistingroadway,withalistofBMPsthatwereinstalled.100%ofpredevelopmentflowand
totalrunoffvolumeachievedforanexistingalignmentisworth3points.
EW3RunoffQuality
Theprojectdrainagedesignreportwasusedtoshowthattheamountofimpermeablesurfacesdecreased.
Thismeansthepostdevelopmentrunoffvolumewillbelessthanthepredevelopmentrunoffvolume,butexact
valuescannotbedeterminedduetolackofdata.Becausethisisatleast100%ofpredevelopmenttotalrunoff
volumeachievedwithanexistingalignmentthatisgoodfor3points.Detailedcalculationsandadescriptionof
thedecisionmakingareshowninAppendixD,ProjectCalculations.
EW4StormwaterCostAnalysis
TheCityputssomethoughtintothisbuthasnoformalprocessinplace.ToearnthiscredittheCitywouldneed
toimplementanactualLCCAtoolorspreadsheetandshowtheresultsofthisanalysisandhowitinfluenced
thedecisionmakingforstormwaterdesign.
EW5SiteVegetation
Avegetationorlandscapeplanwasnotcreatedforthisprojectandtheprojectplansandspecificationsdonot
callfornoninvasiveplantspecies,nativeplantspecies,orplantsthatdonotrequireirrigation.Thiscredit
wouldrequireminimaladditionalefforttoachieveonfutureprojects.
EW6HabitatRestoration
Thiscreditisnotwithinthescopeofthisproject.Theprojectdidnotdisturbanyareasoutsideofthecurrent
rightofway,duetothefactitisprimarilyapavementoverlayproject.
EW7EcologicalConnectivity
Thiscreditisnotwithinthescopeofthisproject.Itdoesnothaveanysignificantimpacttoareawildlifesinceit
isnotdisturbinganylandoutsideoftheexistingstructureandbecauseofitsurbansetting.
EW8LightPollution
Nolightingsafetystudywasperformedforthisproject.Darkskycertificationwasnotspecifiedorinstalled.
ThoughNorthshoreDriveisanarterial,residentiallightingwasappliedduetotheresidentialnatureofthe
street.Thismayhelptoreducethearealightpollutionbutdoesnotmeettherequirementsofthecredit.This
couldbeachievedwithaminimaladditionaleffort.

ACCESS & EQUITY (AE)

Thisprojectearned9ofthe30pointsavailableinthiscategory.Thecreditsearnedinthiscategoryweredueto
contextsensitivesolutionsthatwerepursuedforencouragingtransportationmodesotherthandriving.The
creditsareoutlinedinTable4.

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Table4:Access&EquityVoluntaryCreditCategory
CreditsEarned
No.

Title
AE3 ContextSensitiveSolutions
AE5 PedestrianAccess
AE6 BicycleAccess

Northshore Drive Road and Drainage Improvements

No.
AE1
AE2
AE4
AE7
AE8
AE9

CreditsNotEarned
Title
SafetyAudit
IntelligentTransportationSystems
TrafficEmissionsReduction
TransitandHOVAccess
ScenicViews
CulturalOutreach

AE1SafetyAudit
ARoadSafetyAuditwasnotcompletedforthisprojectanddidnotmeettherequirementsfortheFHWAs
RoadSafetyAuditGuidelines.Thiswouldbeveryeasytoachieve.
AE2IntelligentTransportationSystems
TheCityofBellinghamdoesnotcurrentlyimplementITSapplicationsontheirprojects.Onthisportionof
highwayisnotlikelytobenecessaryorworththeadditionalcost.Itisbeingconsideredoutsideofthescopeof
theproject.
AE3ContextSensitiveSolutions
ThisprojectdoesnothaveaContextSensitivePlanningwhitepaper,arequirementforcredittowards
Greenroadscertification.TheCitydoeshoweverperformanalysesofthisnaturefortheirprojectsandisbeing
awardedthepointsforthispilotprojectreport.ForfutureGreenroadscertificationstheCityshouldimplement
astandardwhitesheetformforprojectsthatcanbefollowedandcanleadtoimplementingcreditsAE4
throughAE7.
AE4TrafficEmissionsReduction
TherewasnousageofMOVES2010documentedandnoevidenceoftotalemissionsreductionsachievedfor
GHGandcriteriapollutants.Theprojectdesignmayreducetheusageofmotorvehicles,andthustraffic
emissions,becauseoftheadditionofbicycleandpedestrianaccess,butthereisnosupportingdocumentation
ofthis.Thiswouldrequireamoderateefforttoachieve.
AE5PedestrianAccess
Newsidewalkswereaddedaspartofthenewalignmentandcontextsensitivesolutions.ForGreenroads
certificationtheprojectCSSwhitepapershouldincludeinformationaboutthepurposeandneedofpedestrian
access,regulatoryorjurisdictionalstandardsaddressed,resultsofpublicinput,totalcostassociatedwithnew
pedestrianfacilities,andacopyofthecontractspecificationsandplansforthenewpedestrianfacilities.
AE6BicycleAccess
NewbicycleonlyfacilitieswereaddedtotheROWforthisproject.Thiscontextsensitivesolutionshouldbe
includedintheCSSwhitepaperandincludepurposeandneedforbicycleaccess,regulatoryandjurisdictional
standardsaddressed,resultsofpublicinput,totalcostassociatedwithnewbicyclefacilities,andcontract
specificationsandplansforthenewbicyclefacilities.
AE7TransitandHOVAccess
Thiscreditisnotwithinthescopeofthisproject.Nochangesweremadetoanytransitfrequencyoraccess
andtherearenoHOVfacilitiesassociatedwithproject.

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AE8ScenicViews
Thiscreditisnotwithinthescopeofthisproject.Therouteisnotdesignatedascenicbyway.Theprojectis
locatedonthebeautifulLakeWhatcom,buttherewasnoimplementationofscenicviewpointsoranything
thatwouldqualifyforthiscredit.
AE9CulturalOutreach
NopointswereearnedforAE9.Noartworkwasincorporatedintotheproject.Therearemanyhistorical
placeslistedontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaceswithin10miles,buttheyareinthedowntown
Bellinghamarea.Itwouldnotbeverypracticaltosignforthesehistoricplaces,sogettingtheonepointwould
happen.Thefulltwopointshowevercouldbeearnedforthebudgetallocationforart,butthiswouldrequire
significantlymoreefforttoachieve.

CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES (CA)

Forthiscategory,one(1)ofthe14possiblevoluntarycreditswasearned.TheCityofBellinghamdoesnot
currentlyhavealotofspecifiedrequirementsforthesecategories.Toearnmanyofthesecreditsinthefuture,the
contractspecificationswouldlikelyneedtobemodifiedtoincludetheseactivities.ThecreditsareshowninTable
5.
Table5:ConstructionActivitiesVoluntaryCreditCategory
CreditsEarned
No.

Title
No.
CA6 PavingEmissionReduction
CA1

CA2

CA3

CA4

CA5

CA7

CA8

CreditsNotEarned
Title
QualityManagementSystem
EnvironmentalTraining
SiteRecyclingPlan
FossilFuelReduction
EquipmentEmissionReduction
WaterUseTracking
ContractorWarranty

CA1QualityManagementSystem
TheprimecontractordidnothaveISO9001:2008orISO9001:2000certificationanddidnotcompleteaquality
managementsystemdocument.Itwouldbedifficulttofindacertifiedcontractorforaprojectofthissize.For
theCityofBellinghamtogetcreditforCA1,theyshouldprobablywriteprojectspecificationsthatrequire
writingaQMSdocumentincludingqualitypolicyandobjective,qualitymanual,listingofdocumented
procedures,andlistingofrecordsretainedinaccordancewiththeQMS.Thiswouldrequireahighamountof
additionalefforttoachieve.
CA2EnvironmentalTraining
TherewasnodocumentedenvironmentaltrainingfortheNorthshoreDriveproject.FreemanAnthonysaidthe
CityofBellinghamwilllookintoperformingthisonfutureprojects.Thiswouldrequirelittleadditionaleffort.
CA3SiteRecyclingPlan
Nositerecyclingplanwascreatedforthisproject.TheCityofBellinghamisgoingtolookintorequiringthisfor
futureprojectsandthiswouldrequirelowadditionalefforttoachieve.
CA4FossilFuelReduction
Theprimecontractordidnotperformfossilfuelreductionmeasuresasnecessaryforthiscredit.Toachieve
thiscredittheprimecontractorwouldhavetosubmitasignedletterdescribingthefossilfuelreduction
measuresandthepercentagereductionachievedaswellasaspreadsheetsummarizingreceiptsforallfuel
usedinnonroadequipmentfortheproject.InthefuturethiswouldpossiblybeabiditemfortheCityof

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Bellingham.Biofuelsarenottypicallyruninequipmentinthisarea,thereforeitiscurrentlybeingconsidered
outsideofthescopeofthisproject.
CA5EquipmentEmissionReduction
Thisprojectdidnotutilizeequipmentthathadexhaustretrofitsandfuelefficiencytechnologiesthatachieve
EPATier4emissionstandards.Equipmentthatistypicallyusedintheareadoesnotgenerallyconformtothis
requirement,sothiscreditisbeingconsideredoutsideofthescopeoftheproject.
CA6PavingEmissionReduction
ThisisastandardfortheCityofBellingham.ForGreenroadscertification,acopyofthemanufacturing
certificationandasignedstatementbythepavingcontractor,statingthattheapprovedpaverwasusedforat
least90%oftheHMApaving,wouldneedtobesubmitted.
CA7WaterUseTracking
Contractorsarerequiredtotrackwaterusefromthecitysystemandarerequiredtopayforwateruse,asan
incentivetoconservewater.Verylittleadditionaleffortwouldberequiredtoearnthiscreditbycompilinga
reportdetailingthedateofuse,amount,location,eachconstructionactivityrequiringwater,totalwater
quantityusedforeachactivity,andtotalcostofwaterused.
CA8ContractorWarranty
Acontractorwarrantywasnotimplementedonthisproject.Therewasaoneyearpedestriansafetywarranty
asabiditem.ThiswasanewideafortheCityofBellinghamandtheyarelookingforwardtoseeinghowthis
goes.Toachievethiscreditthewarrantywouldhavetocover,ataminimum,theconstructedportionsofthe
pavementstructureforthreeyears.Thiswouldrequireextracontractwork,beinganalreadycompletedPilot
Project,soitisbeingconsideredoutsidethescopeoftheproject.

MATERIALS & RESOURCES (MR)

Forthiscategory,ten(10)ofthe23possiblevoluntarycreditswereearned.Thisprojectscoreswellinthis
categorybecauseitisanoverlayprojectandbecauseofitslocalmaterials.ThesecreditsareoutlinedinTable6.
Table6:Materials&ResourcesVoluntaryCreditCategory
CreditsEarned
CreditsNotEarned
No.

Title
No.
Title
MR2 PavementReuse
MR1LifecycleAssessment(LCA)
MR5 RegionalMaterials
MR3 EarthworkBalance

MR4 RecycledMaterials

MR6 EnergyEfficiency
MR1LifecycleAssessment(LCA)
ALCAwasnotperformedforthisproject.TheCityofBellinghamhaslittleornoexperienceperforming
LifecycleAssessmentandthiswouldrequireanexceptionalamountofeffort.Itisbeingconsideredoutsideof
thescopeoftheproject.
MR2PavementReuse
Theentireexistingpavementwasreusedonthisprojectasabaseforthenewoverlay.Thisisstandard
procedurefortheCityofBellingham.Ratherthanremovingtheexistingpavement,itissurfacegroundandleft
inplacetoserveasasolidbaseforthenewpavement.Thisearnsthefull5pointsthatareavailable.
MR3EarthworkBalance

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Thiscreditwasnotachievedforthisproject.Therewasverylittleearthwork,asitisapavementoverlay
project.Therewasasmallamountofearthworkforrealignmentandgradingasnecessarytomatchthenew
roadway,andtopsoilwasbroughtinfromoffsite.Thiscreditdoesnotapplytoanoverlayprojectsuchasthis.
MR4RecycledMaterials
Theprojectused20%RAPintheHMApavements,asthestateDOTcommonlydoes.Thiswouldbeenoughto
earntheproject2points,butnodocumentationhasbeenprovidedtoshowthis.Ifthisisinfactthecaseit
wouldtakeverylittleefforttocompiledocumentationprovingtheuseofRAP.UnderthecurrentWSDOT
restrictions,usingmorethan20%RAPisoutsideofthescopeoftheproject.
MR5RegionalMaterials
Thisprojectusedmaterialsthatwerefromlocalsources.ThegravelbaseandfillmaterialswerefromArnold
Finkbonner&Sons,Inc.inFerndale,WA.TheHMAwasfromWhatcomBuilders,Inc.inBellingham,WA.
ConcretewasfromCowdenGravel&ReadyMixinBellingham,WA.TopsoilwasfromNorthHillResources,Inc.
inBurlington,WA.GratesandframeswerefromtheOlympicFoundryinSeattle,WA.Morethan95%ofthe
basicmaterialstraveledlessthanafronthauldistanceof100miles.LightingcamefromOmaha,NE,which
doesnotmeetthefronthaulrequirement,butdoesnotconstituteenoughoftheprojectmaterialsbyweightto
preventthecreditfrombeingachieved.Forcertificationaspreadsheetwouldneedtobecreatedwithan
itemizedlistofeachmaterial,itsweight,fronthauldistances,andacomputationshowingthat95%ofthe
materialsmeettherequirements.
MR6EnergyEfficiency
Theprojectdidnotinstalllightingsystemswithluminariesthatmeetorexceedthe2009EnergyStarstandard
forroadwaylighting.Theprojectdidhoweverinstalllightingthatshouldbemoreenergyefficientrelativeto
thoseusedbyatypicalcorridorsuchasthis.Lightingwasinstalledaccordingtoaresidentialratherthanarterial
standardbecauseoftheresidentialnatureoftheroad.Theprojectcouldhaveachievedthiscreditwitha
minimumeffortbyinstallingEnergyStarapprovedlighting.

PAVEMENT TECHNOLOGIES (PT)

Forthiscategory,three(3)ofthe20possiblevoluntarycreditswasearned.Theonlypointsearnedinthissection
werebecauseoftheuseofpermeablepavements.Theuseofwarmmixpavementsandapavementperformance
trackingsystemwouldbetheeasiestwaytoachievemorepoints.ThecreditsareshowninTable7.
Table7:PavementTechnologiesVoluntaryCreditCategory
CreditsEarned
No.

Title
No.
PT2
PermeablePavement
PT1

PT3

PT4

PT5

PT6

CreditsNotEarned
Title
LongLifePavement
WarmMixAsphalt
CoolPavement
QuietPavement
PavementPerformanceTracking

PT1LongLifePavement
Thisprojectdidnotmeettherequirementsofthiscredit.Itwasdesignedusingatypicalpavementprofile
comparedtopastCityprojectsandtheexistingstructurethatreceivedtheoverlayisofvaryingthickness,with
unknownbaseCBRvalues.Sincenocalculationtoindicatethetotalpercentageoftheroadwaythatmeetsthe
longlifelimitationslistedinthecredithasbeendoneandtheunknownvariablesinvolveditisdifficulttoknow
theoverallstrengthofthestructure.Longlifepavementsarebeingconsideredoutsideofthescopeofthis
project.
PT2PermeablePavement

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Thisprojectutilizedpermeableasphaltpavementforbikelanesandsidewalkswithtraditionalasphalt
pavementusedfortheroadway.ForGreenroadscertification,ahydrologyreportandcalculationsofthe
treatmentareawouldneedtobecompletedaswellasanofficialpermeablepavementmixdesigndocument.
PT3WarmMixAsphalt
Warmmixasphaltwasnotusedonthisproject.TheCityofBellinghamwilllikelywaituntilthestateDOTstarts
tousethistechnologymorebeforetryingitthemselves.Thiswouldbeeasytoachieveastherearealready
somepavementsuppliersintheareathathavetheirplantssetupforwarmmixasphalt.
PT4CoolPavement
Coolpavementwasnotusedonthisproject.Thebulkofthepavementsareasphaltbasedandwouldnot
provideacoolsurface.Thiscreditcouldalsohavebeenearnedifthepermeablepavementusagewasgreater
thantheimpermeablepavementontheproject.Onlyabout25%ofthepavedsurfacesusedpermeable
pavement.Thisisnodoubtagoodthing,butisnotenoughtoearnthecoolpavementcredit.Itwouldtakea
considerableefforttoimplementcoolpavementonthisproject.
PT5QuietPavement
Theprojectdoesnotqualifyforusageofquietpavementbecausethepostedspeedlimitis25milesperhour.
Thepostedspeedlimithastobegreaterthan30mphtobeeligibleforthiscredit.
PT6PavementPerformanceTracking
TheCityofBellinghamhasapavementperformancetrackingsysteminwhichtheyassignpointstodeficiencies
andstructuralanddesignissues,withthehighestscoringroadsreceivingrepairs.Thissystemwouldonlyhave
tobemodifiedslightlytomeettheGreenroadsrequirements.Itwouldneedtointegrateconstructionquality
measurementswiththelongtermpavementperformancemeasurementstogiveabetterideaofhow
constructionaffectstheperformance.Itmustalsoshowthatmeasurementsaretakenevery2yearsandatbe
spatiallylocatedatspecificlocations.Itwouldrequirelittleadditionaleffortforthiscredittobeachieved.

POTENTIAL CUSTOM CREDITS

Zero(0)bestpracticesimplementedonthisprojectwereidentifiedaspossiblymeritingadesignationasa
GreenroadsCustomCredit.Atotalofzero(0)additionalpointsaretentativelyawarded.Table8providesthe
credittitleandintent.
Table8:PotentialCustomCredits
No.
Title
Pts. Description
N/A
None
N/A N/A

RECOMMENDATIONS
ThisprojectisonthevergeofbeingabletobescoredasGreenroadscertified.IftheCityofBellinghamwereto
performprojectssimilartothisinthefuture,specificationadditionsthatrequiretheproductionofcertain
documentationandsmallchangestoprojectmaterialsandconstructionactivitiescouldeasilyearnsimilarprojects
acertifiedorsilverrating.Goldorevergreenratingscouldevenbeachievedwithamodesteffort.Theuseof
permeablepavementsisagreatstarttocreatingmoreenvironmentallyfriendlyroadway.Thesepavementscan
alsousewarmmixtechnologies.Theuseofmorepermeablepavementscouldalsohelptoachievethecool
pavementcredit.Someoftheothercreditsthatarelikelytobetheeasiesttoachievearetheconstructionactivity
credits,bycreatingasiterecyclingplan,requiringenvironmentaltraining,andtrackingwateruse.Therearemany
otherstrategiesthatcouldbeusedtoimprovetheprojectsGreenroadsscorebutitisimportanttonotethatthe
projectalreadydoesasubstantialamountandcouldtakethenextsteptowardcertificationwithonlyminimal
additionaleffort.

8/21/2010

11

Greenroads Case Study

Northshore Drive Road and Drainage Improvements

LIMITATIONS
CasestudyresultsarebasedondiscussionswithCityofBellinghamrepresentativesonly,andanyproject
documentsprovidedtotheUniversityofWashingtonReviewTeam.Ingeneral,morecasestudiesofvarying
projecttypesareneededtobetterreflectcurrentCitysustainabilitypractices.Thiscasestudyprovidesonlya
smallglimpseofcurrenteffortsonaspecificproject,andthereforestudyresultsmaynotaccuratelyreflectthe
levelofeffortmadetowardsustainabilitybestpracticesthatareputforwardbysimilarprojecttypeswithinthe
CityofBellingham.
Regulatoryrequirementstendtodictatemanyoftheactionsofmostroadwayprojectteamsandtransportation
agencies.However,theintentofGreenroadsistoencouragebestpracticesthatgoaboveandbeyondexisting
UnitedStatesregulationsandrequirements.Alistofcurrentregulatoryrequirementsisprovidedinthe
IntroductiontotheGreenroadsManual(Muench&Anderson,ed.2010).
Greenroadsiscontinuallyunderdevelopment.Casestudiescompletedundertheversion1.0.1ratingsystemthat
hasbeenusedtoratethisprojectmaynotscoreequivalentlyunderfutureversionsofGreenroads.

REFERENCES
CityofBellinghamStandardSpecifications
CityofBellinghamProjectPlans
CityofBellinghamProjectDocuments
Muench,S.T.,Anderson,J.L.,Hatfield,J.P.,Koester,J.R.,&Sderlund,M.etal.(2010).GreenroadsRatingSystem
v1.0.(J.L.AndersonandS.T.Muench,Eds.).Seattle,WA:UniversityofWashington.
Anderson,J.L.(2008)SustainabilityinCivilEngineering.
Robrt,K.H.(2000).Toolsandconceptsforsustainabledevelopment,howdotheyrelatetoageneralframework
forsustainabledevelopment,andtoeachother?JournalofCleanerProduction.8(3),243254.
MaxNeef.M.A.;Elizalde,A.andHopenhayn,H.(1991)Humanscaledevelopment:conception,applicationand
furtherreflections.NewYork:TheApexPress.
Maslow,A.H.(1943).Atheoryofhumanmotivations.PsychologicalReview.50(4),370396.
Hawken,P.;Lovins,A.B.andLovins,L.H.(1999)Naturalcapitalism:creatingthenextindustrialrevolution(1sted.).
Boston,MA:LittleBrownandCo.

8/21/2010

12

APPENDIX A
About the Greenroads Rating System

ABOUT GREENROADS
ThissectiondetailstheGreenroadsSustainabilityPerformanceMetric,includingabriefbackgroundon
developmentofthesystem,theoperatingdefinitionofsustainabilityused,andabriefdescriptionofhowitworks
andcanbeimplemented.Moredetailedinformation,includingtheVersion1.0.1manualofrequirementsand
creditscanbefoundontheofficialGreenroadswebsite:http://www.greenroads.us.
Thelistofcreditsincludingabriefdescriptionisattachedattheendofthisshortappendix.

BACKGROUND
Greenroadsisaresearchproject(Sderlund,2007)thatisjointlydevelopedbytheUniversityofWashington(UW)
andCH2MHILL.Greenroadsisacollectionofsustainabilitybestpracticesthatapplytoroadwaydesignand
construction,muchliketheLeadershipinEnergyandEnvironmentalDesign(LEED)RatingSystemforBuildingsthat
isadministeredbytheUnitedStatesGreenBuildingCouncil(USGBC).Ingeneral,thesesustainabilitybestpractices
aredividedintotwotypes:requiredandvoluntary.Thereiscurrentlyonerequiredcategorywith11requiredbest
practicescalledProjectRequirementsorPRs.Atminimum,allofthesebestpracticesmustbecompletedin
orderforaroadwaytobeconsideredaGreenroad.
WhatisaGreenroad?
AGreenroadisdefinedasroadwayprojectthathasbeendesignedandconstructedtoalevelofsustainability
thatissubstantiallyhigherthancurrentcommonpractice.
WhatisSustainability?
Sustainabilityisthecharacteristicofasystemthatrepresentsitscapacitytosupportnaturallawsandhuman
values.(Anderson,2008;Muenchet.al,2010)
ProjectsthatregisterusingtheGreenroadswebsiteareeligibletoearnacertificationawardandwillbeableto
displaytheGreenroadslogoontheirprojecttorecognizetheirachievement.

STRUCTURE OF THE METRIC

Ingeneral,theGreenroadssustainabilitybestpracticesaredividedintotwotypes:requiredandvoluntary.Thereis
currentlyonerequiredcategorywith11requiredbestpracticescalledProjectRequirementsorPRs.At
minimum,allofthesebestpracticesmustbecompletedinorderforaroadwaytobeconsideredaGreenroad.
Thirtyseven(37)othervoluntarybestpracticesarecharacterizedinfiveadditionalcategories,calledvoluntary
creditsorVCs.AfterthePRrequirementshavebeenmet,anumberofdifferentVCsmaybeachievedandpoints
maybeearnedtowardoneoffourratings:Certified,Silver,GoldandEvergreen.Additionally,asixthVCcategoryis
availabletoprojectsthatdemonstrateandimplementinnovativeideasormoresustainablepracticesandwould
liketowriteorsubmittheirowncustomizedornewideasforpoints.
FollowingisabriefdescriptionofthesevencategoriesinGreenroads.TherelativeweightsofthefivemainVC
categoriesareshowninFigureA.1.
ProjectRequirements
Thiscategorycontainsall11ProjectRequirements(PR)thataGreenroadsprojectmustmeetinordertobe
consideredforacertificationlevelaward.Thegeneralintentofthiscategoryistoencourageenvironmentally
responsibledecisionmakingprocessesandtohavemanagementplansinplaceforconstruction,andto
establishaminimumbaselineforeveryprojectthatappliesforcertification.
Environment&Water(EW)
Thiscategorycontainseight(8)voluntarycreditsworthupto21points.Theintentofthiscategoryisto
promotebestpracticesrelatedtostormwatermanagementandecologicalresourceswithintheproject
boundary.

Access&Equity(AE)
Thiscategorycontainsnine(9)voluntarycreditsworthupto30points.Theintentofthiscategoryisto
promotesafety,access,andmobilitytousersoftheroadway.
ConstructionActivities(CA)
Thiscategorycontainseight(8)voluntarycreditsworthupto14points.Theintentofthiscategoryisto
promoteresponsibleconstructionmanagement,reduceuseoffossilfuelsandimprovehealthandsafetyof
constructionworkers.
Materials&Resources(MR)
Thiscategorycontainssix(6)voluntarycreditsworthupto23points.Theintentofthiscategoryistopromote
responsiblematerialsandenergymanagementbycombinationsofrecycling,reusingandreducingbothvirgin
andwastematerials.
PavementTechnologies(PT)
Thiscategorycontainssix(6)voluntarycreditsworthupto20points.Theintentofthiscategoryistohighlight
specificpavementengineeringinnovationsandideasorbroadtypesoftechnologiesortechniqueswhichare
wellestablishedinpracticeandhavedirectsustainabilitybenefits.
CustomCredits(CC)
Thiscategorycontainsupto10creditswhichmaybeearnedbyaprojectthatimplementssustainableor
innovativeideas.Theprojectteammaysubmitapplicationswithadetaileddescriptionandexplanationofthe
practicetoearncreditsinthiscategoryranginginvaluefrom1to5points.Pointsawardedforthecustom
creditaredeterminedthroughreviewandcollaborationwithGreenroadsrepresentatives.Thereiscurrentlyno
limitestablishedforhowmanycustomcreditsaprojectmaysubmitforreview.

FigureA.3.RelativeWeightsofGreenroadsVCCategories(Muenchetal.2010)

APPENDIX B
Case Study Method

REVIEW METHODS
TherearefourtypesofGreenroadsevaluationsthatvaryinformality,objectives,timerequired,andlevelofeffort
for communication and documentation. This project review constitutes what is called a Case Study. All four
methodsarelistedwithashortdescriptionbelowforcontextofthemethodused.
WhatisaWorkshopAssessment?
Aworkshopassessmentistheleastformalevaluationandrequiresnodocumentation.Theformatisinteractive
anddiscussionbased.SelectPRsandVCsarereviewedtodeterminefeasibilityforaspecificprojectwhile
completingtheGreenroadschecklist.Participationisvoluntary,butatleastoneProjectManagerordesign
teamleadshouldbepresent.Theendresultisacompletedchecklistthatmaybeusedasaninternal
benchmarkingtoolifdesired.
WhatisaCaseStudy?
GenerallyaretroactiveapplicationoftheGreenroadsmetricdoneonprojectsthatarealreadycompleted,case
studiesarepartofthecalibrationandtestingprocessforvalidatingthemetricinitscurrentstate.Casestudies
includereviewofsomedocumentationbutinmostcases,documentationmaynotbeavailable.Casestudies
alsorequirecommunicationwithaProjectManager,butinpersoninteractionisnotnecessary.
WhatisaPilotProject?
Apilotprojectbeginsafterinitialcompletionofacasestudy.Itinvolvesongoingcommunicationbetweenthe
ProjectTeamandtheGreenroadsdevelopmentteam.Ultimately,thepurposeofthisprocessistodocument
andcollectinformationregardingfeasibilityandpracticalbarriersorsuccessesforimplementingsomeorallof
thepracticesinGreenroads.Thisprocesslastsfromcompletionofthecasestudythroughcompletionofthe
roadwayproject,andischaracterizedbyregularprogressreports.Certificationisnotguaranteedorpartofthis
process.Whilepilotprojectsmaybeginatanytimeduringdesignandconstruction,theyaremostimportantto
beginearlyinthedesignphaseorprojectdevelopment.DesignatedpilotprojectsmayusetheGreenroadslogo
andadvertisethattheyareaGreenroadsPilotProject,butmaynotreferencecertificationlevelsorstateany
awardhasbeenachieved.
WhatisaCertificationReview?
CertificationisthehighestlevelofformalityandrequiresfinaldocumentationforverificationofearnedPRs
andVCsattimeofevaluation.ProjectsmustcompleteanddocumentbothaDesignReviewandaConstruction
ReviewinordertoachieveaGreenroadsrating;thesetworeviewsmaybedoneseparatelyorincombination.
ThecertificationprocessincludesregistrationontheGreenroadswebsite,payingassociatedfeesand
submittingalldocumentsforreviewedthroughanelectronicprocess.Atthistime,thereisnothirdparty
certificationavailablebutthisisanticipatedneartheendof2011.

CASE STUDY METHOD

Thecasestudymethodologyusedonthisprojectcontainsthreemainsteps.
1.

2.

GreenroadsholdsalivediscussionwiththeProjectManager.Thisdiscussionhelpstoidentifygeneral
informationabouttheproject,includingtheneedsandgoals,andplanningdecisionsthatweremadeatthe
outset.Additionally,ithelpstoidentifywhatinformationanddocumentationneeds(orwhether
documentationevenexists)inordertoproceedwiththecasestudyreview.Thediscussionalsohelpsto
determinetheProjectManagerscurrentperceptionofsustainabilityandhowtheprojectcouldfitwiththe
Greenroadsmetric.Typically,thisstepincludesabriefoverviewanddiscussionofeachcredit.Ultimately,the
conversationshouldallowthereviewteamtounderstandwhatperceivedlevelofeffortmayberequiredin
ordertoestablishordocumentwhetherornotaparticularsustainabilitybestpracticehasbeenimplemented
onaproject.Perceivedlevelofeffortisfurtherexplainedbelow.
Basedonthisdiscussion,reviewofdocumentsprovided,followupcommunication,Greenroadscompletesthe
GreenroadsProjectChecklistfortheproject.TheChecklistshowsthenumberofprojectrequirements(PR)

3.

thathavebeenmetbytheproject,anyvoluntarycreditsachievedandpointsawarded,andalsothe
certificationawardlevelachieved,ifany.Additionally,thechecklistshowsthepotentiallevelsachievableif
variouslevelsofeffortweretobepursuedduringtheplanning,designorconstructionprocess.Onrequest,
thechecklistcanalsoshowwhichcreditsdirectlyorindirectlyprovideagreenhousegas(GHG)benefit.The
checklistissubmittedforreviewbytheProjectManager.
Finally,Greenroadsgeneratesabriefreportoftheresultsofthecasestudyandprovidesrecommendations
basedontheseresultsandthescopeofworkforthestudy.Theformatforacasestudyreportislikelytobea
shortinformationalmemorandumratherthanadetailedtechnicalreport,thoughmoredetailedcasestudy
reportsmaybewarrantedinspecialsituationsorrequested.

Generally,thismethodologywasusedforthisproject.Anydeviationsfromthismethodareidentifiedwithinthe
report.

WHAT IS PERCEIVED LEVEL OF EFFORT?

DuringthediscussionwiththeProjectManager(PM),Greenroadsestablishesthepotentialforeachcredittobe
achievedaccordingtoPMandtheGreenroadsreviewer.Thisislargelyagageofsubjectiveperceptionsunless
documentationisprovidedtosupportachievementofaparticularVC(orotherwiseindicatesitwasnotachieved).

DEFINING EFFORT
Effortisdefinedbyanyofthefollowing,orcombinationsofthefollowing:
AmountofdocumentationrequiredbyGreenroads
Amountoftimetoprovideandgeneratedocumentationthatisinadditiontostandardprojectdocumentation
(nottypicallyincludedintenderpackages)
Amountofresourcesthatmayormaynotbephysicallyavailableoraccessibletocompleteatask,implementa
technologyorpractice,ortodocumentthem
AmountofmoneyinvolvedinacquiringanddocumentingaGreenroadscredit
Conflictswithexistingregulatorystandards,ifany
ConflictswithimplementingGreenroadscreditsinthedesignprocess,ifany
ConflictswithimplementingGreenroadscreditsintheconstructionprocess,ifany
LowEffort
AlowlevelofeffortrepresentsalowdifficultyinprovidinginformationtotheGreenroadsteam(forexample,
documentationexistsaspartofthestandardbidpackage)orinvolvesverylittleadditionaladministrative
resourcesandtimetoproduceevidencethatthecreditrequirementswereachieved.Loweffortalsocould
meanalowornocostadditionorminordesignchangetotheproject,orthattheintentofthecreditdoesnot
obviouslyconflictwithexistingregulationsorstandards.Thisdesignationmayalsorepresentaperceivedhigh
availabilityofphysicalmaterialsorequipment.
Notethatadesignationofloweffortmayrepresentsanycreditthatwasachievedbyregulatorymeansor
similarpolicyandstandardsbecauseitisassumedthatthetaskmustbecompletedinordertomeet
requirementsotherthanthoseoutlinedinGreenroadsProjectRequirementsorVoluntaryCredits.Anexample
ofaloweffortissubmittingastandardizeddesigndocument,suchasapavementalternativesstudy,tomeet
thecriteriafortheLifeCycleCostAnalysis(PR2)requirement.
ModerateEffort
ThisperceptionlevelfallssomewherebetweenLowandHighdependingoninterpretationoftheProject
Manager.Moderateeffortmayalsoreflectaneducationalendeavororpublicawarenessprogramwherethere
isalearningcurveinvolvedforthedesignteam,agencyorconstructionteamontheproject.

Insomerarecases,amoderatelevelofeffortmaybeareflectionoftheaverageperceptionsofthereview
teamandtheProjectManager.Wherepossible,thisdistinctionismadeintheReviewerCommentssectionof
theChecklistsforeachindividualproject.Asanexamplecase,EcologicalConnectivity(EW7)isahighpriority
foranagencyandtheirproject.However,muchoftheperceivedeffort,specificallythecostandtimerequired
fordetailedenvironmentalreview,wasrequiredbythefederallawundertheNationalEnvironmentalPolicy
Actduetotheprojectslocationinanecologicallysensitivearea.WhiletheProjectManagerperceivedthatthe
projecthadgoneaboveandbeyondconventionaldesign,planning,andcostexpendituresforenvironmental
considerations(correspondingtoaveryhighlevelofeffort),thereviewteamrecognizesthattheywereclearly
requiredtodosobyfederalpolicy.However,thereviewteamalsorecognizesthatnoteveryprojectislocated
inahighlyecologicallysensitiveareaandthereforethiseffort,thoughregulated,doeshavemeritduetothe
resultingpositiveecologicalimpact.
HighEffort
Thislevelofperceptionindicatesasignificantdesignprocesschangeorregulatorychangewouldneedto
happeninordertoachieveacreditandmeetthecreditrequirementsasspecifiedintheGreenroadsManual.
Higheffortalsoreflectssignificantaddedcost(forexample,above3%oftotalprojectcost).Forexample,
PerformanceBasedWarranty(CA8)isconsideredahighlevelofeffort,becauseitwouldrequireasignificantly
largerrisktobetakenbythecontractor(threeyearsinsteadofthesomeagencystandardoneyear
warranties),whichwouldlikelybereflectedintheprojectbudgetasanaddedcost.
NotApplicable(N/A)
ItisnotpossibleforanysingleprojecttoearnallofthecreditsinGreenroads.Whereaparticularcreditwas
notappropriateforaproject,thiscreditwasdesignatednotapplicable.Forexample,theEnergyEfficiency
credit(MR6)isnotapplicableonaprojectwithoutanyelectriclightinginstalled.

APPENDIX C
Greenroads Project Checklist

CHECKLIST EXPLANATION
ThisAppendixprovidesadescriptionoftheGreenroadsProjectChecklist.Achecklisthasbeencompletedforthis
casestudyfollowingthispage.Thispartofthecasestudyevaluationsupplementsthemoredetaileddiscussionof
resultscontainedinthebodyofthereport.

STRUCTURE OF CHECKLIST
Generally,theGreenroadsProjectChecklistisdividedintothreeworksheetsinExcel2007.Thetotalnumberof
pointsearnedbytheprojectandhowtheyappearontheGreenroadsProjectChecklistdependsonthelevelof
effort(inAppendixB)attemptedforeachPRandVC.
Thethreeworksheetsareasfollows:
BlankChecklist.ThefirstsheetisablankandabridgedversionoftheGreenroadsProjectChecklist.Thissheet
doesnotcontainanycalculationsandisavailableforgeneraluse.
ProjectChecklist.ThesecondsheetcalculatesthetotalpointsearnedbytheprojectbyachievementofVCs
andcompletionoftheProjectRequirements.Thecreditsaredividedbycategoryandeachcreditisassigned
logicandacorrespondingdropdownmenuofchoicesthatrelevanttospecificcreditrequirementslistedinthe
GreenroadsManual.
SummaryChecklist.ThelastsheetisaselfcomputingabridgedversionoftheGreenroadsProjectChecklist.
ThissheetisaconcisewaytodisplaytheProjectChecklistresultsinonepage.Allcalculationsareautomatic
andcannotbeedited.
ProjectChecklistWorksheetDetails
TheseitemsbelowarespecifictotheChecklistworksheet,whichistheprimaryuserinterface.
Defaults.TheGreenroadsProjectChecklistdefaultvaluesareallsettoYesforthePRcategory(allmustbe
metforaward).AllVoluntaryCreditsaresettoNo.
ProjectRequirements.PRscarrynopointvalue.OntheChecklisttheymaycarryalabelofYesorNo
only.IfthecriterianotedforeachPRintheManualismet,thevalueisYes.Ifnot,thenNo.Ifanyof
thesecellssayNotheorangeProjectRequirementsboxwilldisplaythewordIncompleteandthescore
nearthebottomoftheworksheetwillstatethatnoawardisachieved.
VoluntaryCredits.VCcreditrequirementsareexplicitlydisplayedwithanifthenlogicontheProject
Checklistworksheet.Theserequirementsvarysignificantlybycreditandarearrangedandlisted
underneaththeircorrespondingcredit.(Generally,aprojectteamhastwostepstogetthrough:decidingif
acreditispossibleandthenactuallyearningthecredit.)Whenadropdownitemischosen,appropriateVC
pointsarepopulatedontherighthandsideofthespreadsheetaccordingtoclassificationsofY(Yes
meetscreditrequirements,documentationprovided,etc.),?(Maybemightmeetcreditrequirements
butrequiresadditionaleffortordocumentation,etc.),andN(Nodoesnotmeetcreditrequirements,
creditisnotapplicabletotheproject,etc.).Thepointstotalaccordingtocolumnandarecomputedatthe
endofthespreadsheettoseeifthetotalmatchesanyoftheGreenroadsawardlevels.
UserComments.Thissectionisprovidedasacourtesytotheuserandmaybecompletedatwill.The
presenceorabsenceofcommentsdoesinfluencethefinalcomputationofGreenroadsscoreorawardlevel.

NORTHSHORE DRIVE ROAD & DRAINAGE IMPROVEMENTS SCORECARD

Incomplete

ProjectRequirements(PR)
PR1
PR2
PR3
PR4
PR5
PR6
PR7
PR8
PR9
PR10
PR11

EnvironmentalReviewProcess
LifecycleCostAnalysis
LifecycleInventory
QualityControlPlan
NoiseMitigationPlan
WasteManagementPlan
PollutionPreventionPlan
LowImpactDevelopment
PavementManagementSystem
SiteMaintenancePlan
EducationalOutreach

EWSubtotal
EnvironmentalManagementSystem
RunoffFlowControl
RunoffQuality
StormwaterCostAnalysis
SiteVegetation
HabitatRestoration
EcologicalConnectivity
LightPollution

AE1
AE2
AE3
AE4
AE5
AE6
AE7
AE8
AE9

SafetyAudit
IntelligentTransportationSystems
ContextSensitiveSolutions
TrafficEmissionsReduction
PedestrianAccess
BicycleAccess
Transit&HOVAccess
ScenicViews
CulturalOutreach

14
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
3

1
Y
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0

13
N
2
1
1
2
2
0
2
3

MRSubtotal:

23
2
5
1
5
5
5

10
Y
0
5
0
0
5
0

13
N
2
0
1
5
0
5

PTSubtotal:

20
5
3
3
5
3
1

3
Y
0
3
0
0
0
0

17
N
5
0
3
5
3
1

CCSubtotal:

10
10

0
Y
0

0
N
0

GreenroadsTotal:

118

29

79

CASubtotal:
QualityManagementSystem
EnvironmentalTraining
SiteRecyclingPlan
FossilFuelReduction
EquipmentEmissionReduction
PavingEmissionReduction
WaterUseTracking
ContractorWarranty

Materials&Resources(MR)

21
2
3
3
1
3
3
3
3

15
N
2
0
0
1
3
3
3
3

30
2
5
5
5
2
2
5
2
2

9
Y
0
0
5
0
2
2
0
0
0

21
N
2
5
0
5
0
0
5
2
2

Access&Equity(AE)
AESubtotal

CA1
CA2
CA3
CA4
CA5
CA6
CA7
CA8

6
Y
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0

Environment&Water(EW)
EW1
EW2
EW3
EW4
EW5
EW6
EW7
EW8

Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes

Req
Req
Req
Req
Req
Req
Req
Req
Req
Req
Req

ConstructionActivities(CA)

MR1
MR2
MR3
MR4
MR5
MR6

LifecycleAssessment
PavementReuse
EarthworkBalance
RecycledMaterials
RegionalMaterials
EnergyEfficiency

PavementTechnologies(PT)
PT1
PT2
PT3
PT4
PT5
PT6

LongLifePavement
PermeablePavement
WarmMixAsphalt
CoolPavement
QuietPavement
PavementPerformanceTracking

CustomCredit(CC)
CC1

CustomCreditTitle

APPENDIX D
Project Calculations

EW3RunoffQuality
PerviousandImperviousAreaCalculations:
AlabamaAvetoSilverBeachStore
Totalsegmentlength=2450ft
Totalwidthofcrosssection=37.5ft

Existing:
29ftimpervioushotmixasphalt(HMA)

Area 29 ft 2450 ft 71,050 ft

8.5ftofperviousgrass/gravel

Area 8.5 ft 2450 ft 20,825 ft

Proposed:

22.5ftimperviousHMA/curb

Area 22.5ft 2450 ft 55,125 ft

15ftperviousHMA(Area 36,750 ft )intersections/storefront(Area=1750ft2)=

35,000ft2

Totalnewandreplacedimpervioussurface=56,875ft2
Decreaseinimpervioussurface=71,050ft255,125ft2=15,925ft2

SilverBeachStoretoBrittonRoad
Totalsegmentlength=1550ft
Totalwidthofcrosssection=29ft(excludesexistinggutterpan)

Existing:
27ftofimperviousHMA

Area 27 ft 1550 ft 41,850 ft

2ftofperviousgrass/gravel

Area 2 ft 1550 ft 3100 ft

Proposed:

29ftofimperviousHMA

Area 29 ft 1550 ft 44,950 ft

Totalnewandreplacedimpervioussurface=44,950ft2
Totalexistingimpervioussurface=112,900ft2
IncreaseinImpervioussurface=44,950ft241,850ft2=3,100ft2

Totalprojectnewandreplacedimpervioussurface=101,825ft2

NetDecreaseinImperviousSurface:
112,900ft2100,075ft2=12,825ft2
FlowControlApproach
WSDOTMinimumRequirements.Aftercalculationsofimperviousandconvertedpervioussurfacesarecarried
out,Figures3.1,3.2,and3.3oftheWashingtonStateDepartmentofTransportation(WSDOT)HighwayRunoff
Manual(HRM)wereusedtodeterminetheminimumrequirementsapplicableforaproject.Thefiguresmakeupa
decisiontreeusedtoguidetheengineerintheapplicableminimumrequirementswhendesigningastormwater
managementfacilitybasedon,amongotherparameters,knownareasofimperviousandconvertedpervious
surfaces.

Thefirststepofthedecisiontreeistodetermineifanyexemptionsaslistedinsection32.2oftheHRMapply.(No
exemptionsapplyforthisproject).Generally,iftheamountofimpervioussurfacesisgreaterthanaspecified
minimumvalue(knownasathreshold),certainrequirementsmustbeappliedtothatimpervioussurface.These
valuesarecalledminimumrequirements.

Next,basedonthisdecisiontree,certainminimumrequirementsweredeterminedapplicabletothisproject,in
particularWSDOTMinimumRequirement6:FlowControl.AccordingtoWSDOTMinimumRequirement6,
Projectsdischargingstormwaterdirectlyorindirectlythroughaconveyancesystemintoanyoftheexemptwater
bodiesshowninTable35areexemptfromflowcontrolrequirements(HRM33.6.2).Table35includesLake
Whatcom.Additionalrequirementsforflowcontrolexemptionaslistedundersection33.6.2oftheHRMwere
alsomet.Thus,thecityofBellinghamisexemptfromflowcontrol,butitmuststillcomplywiththeotherspecifics
ofMinimumrequirement6:Regardlessofwhetheranexemptionapplies,projectsneedtotakeadvantageofon
siteopportunitiestoinfiltratestormrunofftothegreatestextentfeasible.(HRM33.6.2)Thismeansthe
NorthshoreDriveprojectmuststillattempttoinfiltrateasmuchoftherunoffaspossible.

TimeofConcentration.Timeofconcentrationvalueswerenotcalculatedforthisproject,theyarenota
requirementforprojectsexemptfromflowcontrol,asstatedintheHRM.

Flowrates:TocalculateflowratestheCityofBellinghamusedtheDepartmentofEcologyforthestateof
WashingtonsWesternWashingtonHydrologyModel(Version3.0).FortheNorthshoreDriveProjectthe90th
percentileaverageannualrainfalleventflowrateswerenotavailable.

%ofPredevelopmentFlowrate=Qpre/Qpost*100%

RunoffVolumes.The90thpercentileaverageannualrainfalleventrunoffvolumeswerenotcalculatedforthe
projectbecausetheyarenotarequirementforprojectsexemptfromflowcontrol,asstatedintheHRM.However,
theoverallprojectwillhaveanetdecreaseinimperviousareainthewatershed,asshownbelow.Thismeansthe
postdevelopmentrunoffvolumewillbelessthanthepredevelopmentrunoffvolume,butexactvaluescannotbe
determinedduetolackofdata.Becausethisisatleast100%ofpredevelopmenttotalrunoffvolumeachieved
withanexistingalignmentthatisgoodfor3points.

NetDecreaseinImperviousSurface:
112,900ft2100,075ft2=12,825ft2
AppliedStormwaterBestManagementPractices
Infiltration:PermeablePavementsurfaces
Thepermeablepavementsurfacesare:
5footperviousconcretesidewalksarelocatedfromAlabamaStreettoPoplarDrive.
5footperviousconcretebikelanesarelocatedfromAlabamaStreettoPoplarDrive.
GeneraldesigncriteriawerefollowedasinHRM,page386.
TheEstimatedlongtermdesigninfiltrationratesforproposedstormwaterinfiltration,developedfromsitetesting
andTable3.7oftheStormwaterManagementManualforWesternWashingtonareasfollows:

Table 2: Estimated long-term design infiltration rates (Northshore Geotechnical report)

T.P.1 @ 2.0 - 3.0

USDA Textural
Classification
Loam

T.P.4 @ 1.5 - 2.5

Sandy Loam

Sample Depth

Infiltration Rate (in/hr)*

0.13
0.25

*IncludestherecommendedcorrectionfactorspresentedintheSWMM.

AccordingtotheHRM,theestimatedlongterminfiltrationratesmaybeaslowas0.1in/hr.Becausethesoils
underthebikelanesandsidewalksforthisprojecthavesuchlowinfiltrationrates,asdeterminedbythe
Geotechnicalreport,underdrainsarerequired.Underdraincollectionsystemswillserveascollectiondrainsfor
theroadway.

FortheroadwayareafromAlabamatoSilverBeachStore,thesystematPoplarDrivehasabuiltinbypass
tokeepthefacilityfrombeingsurchargedunderheavyflows.
TheroadwayareafromSilverBeachStoretoBrittonroadwillcaptureflowsfromtheSouthandEastsides
oftheroadwayanddirectthemtotheParkPlacefacility,withahighflowbypasstoLakeWhatcom.