Grammar

Jember University
English for Students

Papa Amadou Diawara., M. Soc
Sociologist, French and English Lecturer
Linda Suci Wahyuni., M.A
2014-2015
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ENGLISH FOR NURSING STUDENTS
Table of Contents
Greetings and Introductions ............................................................................................................... 7

Grammar point : Simple Tenses: Present - Past - Future .................................................................. 14
Grammar point : The plural form ...................................................................................................... 28
Grammar point : The Gender in English ............................................................................................ 37
Grammar point : Interrogative, relative (conjunctive pronouns) ...................................................... 45
Grammar point : The use of many, much, a lot of (lots of), few, a few, little, a little ....................... 54
Grammar point : The use of nouns, adjectives and adverbs ............................................................. 64
Grammar point : The degrees of comparison...... 73
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UNIT 1
Greetings and Introductions
(Usual Expressions, Roles Play)
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reetings and Introductions
Almost all conversations start with a greeting. There are several expressions that are commonly used as
greeting, some formal and some informal. Which to use, of course depends on the situation.
Introductions
When you meet and greet someone for the first time, introductions are needed. There are a
number of standard expressions that can be used for introductions. Take a look at some of them.
1. Introducing Yourself
Expressions
Hello, Im ( ... Ms. Jaines).
Responses
Hello, Ms. Jaines, Im Susan
Appleton.
My name is ( ... John Grey).

Im (... George Franks. What's
your name)?
Allow me to introduce myself.

My name is ( ...Frank
Jeffers).
Nice to meet you Mr. Grey, Im

Mrs. Sukjoy.
My name is Sopida, Sopida
Hakam. Its a pleasure to
meet you Mr. Franks.
I'm delighted to meet you
Mr.Jeffers. My name is
Pornpan Orasa.
Other useful expressions of closing an introduction

Expressions
How do you do?
I am pleased to meet you
I am glad to meet you
Responses
Glad to meet you

Nice to meet you
Its nice to meet you
2. Introducing others
On occasion, you may find yourself in a situation where you have to introduce one person to another.
Look at these possible expressions that are used for this.
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Expressions
Sam: Peter, I would like to
introduce (... Miss Helen
Cranston).
Responses
Peter: Hello Miss Cranston,
nice to meet you.
Helen: Nice to meet you too

Mr. Kellogg.
Bob: Min Ju, this is ( ... my
friend Betty Watson).
Min Ju: Hi Ms. Watson, a

pleasure to meet you
Betty: Same here

Alice: Harry, let me
introduce(...my supervisor,
Mr.Lee).
Mr. Lee: Good to meet you
too. But please, call me
Sammy.
Harry: Mr. Lee, its good to

meet you.
Other useful expressions of opening an introduction

Expressions
May introduce (to) .?

Let introduce (to) .
3. Farewells
Just as there are several standard expressions for greetings, there are also expressions of farewell. The
farewell itself is generally very short- one or two words. However, many times people add something to
the expressions, depending on what they want to happen in the future or the situation.
Goodbye
Expressions
Responses
Bye/Bye bye/ Bye now/
So long
Catch you later
I have to run/ I must be off
I have to be going now
Good day
Later dude /See you/Cheerio
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Extensions to Farewells
Expressions
See you again/ I hope to see
you again
Responses
See you/Be seeing you/
See you (later/

/soon/tonight)
Fine/ O.K/ All right/
Call me
Fine/ O.K/ All right/Sure
4. Greetings (Well being)

After the greeting finished, the conversation should be continued in some way. One of the most common
ways is to ask about the other people well being. Again, there are several expressions that can be used for
this. The responses to such inquiries will, of course, depend on how one actually feels. Lets take a look at
these.
Expressions
Responses
IF GOOD
How are you?
Great/Fine/Wellthanks
Hows it going?
Couldnt be better.
How are things?
Fantastic/wonderful..thanks
Pretty good thank you
IF SO-SO
How are things going?
Could be worse.
How have you been?
I cant complain.
How do you feel?
Not bad
IF BAD
How goes it?
Ive had better days.
How are you doing?
Not too good.
How's life treating you?
Not very well
How are you getting on?
Lousy.
Hows everything?
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5. Read this dialogue and practice it

Students should work together in pairs and read the following dialogue, one student reading one
part, the other student reading the other. Note the expressions used in the dialogue and the progression
of the conversation. The dialogue can be used as a model to have similar conversations.
Sam: Hello, you look lost. Can I be of assistance?
Mary: Oh, thanks. Youre right, I am lost. Im looking for the Agricultural Engineering Faculty?
Sam: Youre close; its just across the road. Its the building over there, behind the coffee and cocoa
company.
Mary: I see, well thanks a lot. Youve been a big help.
Sam: Excuse me for saying so, but youre not from around here, are you? Are you from Jember or what?
Mary: Actually I am from Jogjakarta. Im a new transfer student. You are Javanese, I assume?
Sam: Yes, by the way Im Sam, Sam Rizal.
Mary: Im Mary Kristina. Pleased to meet you.
Sam: So how long have you been in Jember University, Mary?
Mary: Ive been here about three weeks now. So, whats your major Sam?
Sam: Im a chemistry student. Whats yours?
Mary: Well, I will be studying Agricultural Engineering.
Sam: So, do you live in the dorm?
Mary: Actually no, I have a small apartment about five blocks from here. Well, I have to run. Thanks
for your help.
Maybe well bump into each other again sometime.
Sam: Could be, its a pretty small campus. Nice to meet you, Mary. See you later.
Mary: So long.
After reading, close your book and tell your partner a summary of the dialogue. Then switch and
have your partner tell his or her summary. Start like this: This dialogue is about two people who meet...This
may seem silly, since you both already know what the dialogue is about, but the purpose is to practice
using your English, not to give information or test your reading skills.
Conversation Activities
1. Pair work- Role Play
The situation: Meeting new people
Working with a partner, role play the situation, using the information below
The roles: See items below
1. One partner is a new student at a university meeting his/her major professor for the first
time.
2. One partner has recently moved to a new neighborhood and is meeting their next door
neighbor for the first
3. One partner is a new employee at a company meeting a coworker for the first time.
4. Both partners are strangers at a mutual friends party meeting for the first time.
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2. Pair work
Interview someone in the class you do not know well. After the interview is over, the interviewer
could give a short introduction of the person to the whole class or to small groups of 4 to 6 people.
Questions you may want to ask during the interview include:
- name
- where they are from
- number of people in their family
- his or her goal in life
- what their family members do
- favorite kinds of music (or food,
movies, etc)
- age
- job or major
- hobbies
- religion
- marital status
- why they want to learn English
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UNIT 2
(Conjugation Point: Simple Tenses: Present Past Future)
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I.
UNDERSTANDING GRAMMAR
Simple Tenses: Present - Past - Future

There are a number of tenses in English grammar. However among them, there are some basic tenses
which can be developed into other tenses. They are Simple Present Tense, Simple Past Tense, and Simple
Future Tense. Since they involve sentences, the structure remains following the basic rule of a sentence
construction.
A. Simple Present Tense
To demonstrate an event that used to happen or related to Habitual Actions
Functions:
1. Permanent states
is talking about things that are always, generally true.
- I live in Jember
2. General truth (facts)
- A week has seven days
- The sun rises in the east
- The sun shines by day, and the moon by night
3. Routines / habits
is talking about things you do regularly, all the time.
- I go to school everyday
- He usually eats an egg for breakfast
Time Signals (Adverb of Frequency)
Always
: selalu
Generally
: biasanya
Often
: sering
Regularly
: secara tetap
Seldom
: jarang
Now & then
: kadang-kadang
Once a week
: sekali seminggu
Normally
: biasanya
Usually
: biasanya
Sometimes
: kadang-kadang
Frequently
: sering
Everyday
: setiap hari
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Affirmative (Positive) Form (+)

Subject
I, You, We, They
He, She, It
Verb
Infinitive
Infinitive s/es
Examples
I love you
She learns her lessons
Verb
Do + not + infinitive
Does + not + infinitive
Examples
I dont believe you
It doesnt work
Negative Form (-)

Subject
I, You, We, They
He, She, It
Interrogative Form (?)

Do
Does
Subject
I, You, We, They
He, She, It
Verb
Infinitive
Examples
Do they need the book?
Does she know who am I?
The spelling rules for He, She, and It

Verb
Rule
Most verbs
Add s
Ends in a consonant + y
Change y to ies
Ends in ch, sh, s, x, z
Add es
Do and go
Add es
have
has
Examples
The office opens at 8 oclock
The class starts at 9 a.m
The baby cries very loudly
The bird flies in the sky
Mr. Diawara teaches English at Language
Centre
She wishes to have a new car
My sister goes to school everyday
Rina does all her homework
She has dinner at 8 p.m
She has brother and sister
B. Simple Past Tense

To demonstrate a past event.
Functions:
1. A finished single action in the past
- I got scholarship last year
- The movie started at 7.30 p.m
2. A finished state in the past
- Dian lived in a small town
- Bima had a bad score
3. A repeated action in the past
- Novi always studied English on Monday
- She went to school everyday
When we use the past simple, we often say the time of the action: in 1960, at 7.30, on Monday.
Yesterday
: kemarin
Last night
: semalam, tadi malam
Last week
: minggu yang lalu
A few minutes ago
: beberapa menit yang lalu
Two days ago
: dua hari yang lalu
A month ago
: sebulan yang lalu
In 1976
: pada tahun 1976
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Affirmative (Positive) Form (+)

Subject
I, You, We, They
He, She, It
Verb
Past Tense
Examples
I saw the car of my brother
Negative Form (-)

Subject
I, You, We, They
He, She, It
Verb
Did + not + infinitive
Examples
We did not call him

Did
Subject
I, You, We, They
He, She, It
Verb
Infinitive
Examples
Did you see my cat?
Past Simple: Regular and Irregular Verb

1. Regular Verbs
Usually we add d / ed to the verb
The spelling rules for d / ed
Verb
Ends in e
e.g: live
Ends in a consonant + vowel +
consonant
e.g: stop
Ends in consonant + y
e.g : copy
Rule
Examples
- She lived in Jember
Add d
Double the
consonant
final
Change y to ied
- He stopped working at 5.30 p.m

- I copied some articles
2. Irregular Verbs
have no regular pattern
Many common verbs have an irregular past form:
e.g:
go
went
have
had
meet
met
get
got
feel
felt
eat
ate
C. Simple Future Tense
To demonstrate future actions.
Functions:
1. A future actions
- He will post the letter
- I shall go to Malang tomorrow
2. A future appointment
- He will meet you by ten
- She will help you with your homework tomorrow
3. To show a signal
- Rani will give you a good dictionary if you go with him
Tomorrow
: besok
Tonight
: malam ini
1. The time signals in present continuous can also be used in future tense
e.g: next month
: bulan depan
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2. Temporal conjunction (kata sambung yang bersifat sementara)

If
: jika
When / while
: ketika
Before
: sebelum
After
: sesudah
As soon as
: segera sesudah
Till / untill
: hingga, sampai
after all of this temporal conjunctions the following sentence will be written without shall /
will
Affirmative (Positive Form) (+)
Subject
I, we
You, They, He, She, It
Verb
Will / shall + infinitive
Will + infinitive
Negative Form (-)

Subject
I, we
Verb
Will / shall +not + infinitive
Will +not(wont)+ infinitive

Subject
Will / shall
will
I, we
Verb
Infinitive
Future intentions
besides the formula above future tenses can use to be + going + to + infinitive
We use to be + going + to + infinitive when we are talking about our plans or intentions
- We are going to study English next summer.
- Alice is not going to have a party this year.
(+)
(-)
(?)
Im
Im not
Am I
Going to
Infinitive
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EXERCISES
A. Make these following sentences into the past, present and future tenses
*Pay attention to the time signals that may change according to the tenses.
1. Architects (make) the plans of building. Present
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
Architects (make) the plans of building. Past
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
Architects (make) the plans of building. Future
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
2.
I always (meet) you on the corner of this street. Present

(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
I always (meet) you on the corner of this street. Past
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
I always (meet) you on the corner of this street. Future
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
3.
They not (write) a book last year. Present

(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
They not (write) a book last year. Past
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
They not (write) a book last year. Future
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
4.
He (buy) a new car. Present

(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
He (buy) a new car. Past
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
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He (buy) a new car. Future

(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
5.
She (goes) to town everyday. Present

(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
She (goes) to town everyday. Past
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
She (goes) to town everyday. Future
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
6.
He (arrive) tomorrow morning. Present

(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
He (arrive) tomorrow morning. Past
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
He (arrive) tomorrow morning. Future
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
7.
I (see) you the day after tomorrow. Present

(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
I (see) you the day after tomorrow. Past
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
I (see) you the day after tomorrow. Future
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
8.
He often (lose) his pen. Present

(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
He often (lose) his pen. Past
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
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He often (lose) his pen. Future

(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
9.
He not (believe) me. Present

(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
He not (believe) me. Past
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
He not (believe) me. Future
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
10. Andi not (see) the movie last night. Present

(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
Andi not (see) the movie last night. Past
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
Andi not (see) the movie last night. Future
(+) .
(-) .
(?) .
B. In the paragraph below. The verbs in italic tell us what happened. Write the passage again.
Change the verb in italics so that they tell us what will happen (Future Tense). Then tell us
what is happening right now (Present Tense).
What will happen?(Future tense)
I went to my office with my friend Reg. Reg and I had our first presentation about Agricultural
development. After the presentation, the director gave a short speech; he spoke to the members of
meeting about our presentation. The presentation was very successful and I think a great many
people enjoyed it very much.
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
What is happening? (Present tense)
I went to my office with my friend Reg. Reg and I had our first presentation about Agricultural
Development. After the presentation, the director gave a short speech; he spoke to the members of
meeting about our presentation. The presentation was very successful and I think a great many
people enjoyed it very much.
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
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C. There is a line under each word or group of words in the statements below. The words are not
in the right order. Arrange them correctly. Then put the sentences into the Present and Future
Tenses
1. The film I enjoyed yesterday

2.
My mother to market went

3.
The children asked continuously questions in the class this morning

4.
We at home stay on Sundays

5.
This morning a book I from the library borrowed

D. The verbs in brackets tell us what happen. Give the correct form of each verb and each time
signal:
What happened?
My friend, Roy, (die) last year. He (leave) me his record player and his collection of records. Roy
(spend) a lot of money on records. He (buy) one or two new records every week. He never (go) to the
cinema or to the theatre. He (stay) at home every evening and (listen) to music. He often (lend)
records to his friends. Sometimes they (keep) them. He (lose) many records in this way.
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
E. WRITING
Write a text about your childhood (Use the Past tense)

Write a text about your studies, or your life at campus or your family (Use the Present
tense)
Write a text about your plan for the future (Use the Future tense)
*(10 sentences minimum)
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UNIT 3
(Grammar Point: The plural form)
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A. UNDERSTANDING GRAMMAR
The plural form

1.
Generally, we form the plural in English by adding S to the singular form of the noun,
Example : a car.> many cars ; a book.> many books
2.
For the nouns ending by Y, we add IES, except if Y is preceded by a vowel,

Example : a baby.> many babies ; a lady.> many ladies ; a city.> many cities
A fly.> many flies ; a copy.> many copies ; a country.> many countries
A library.> many libraries ; a hobby.> many hobbies ; a duty.> many duties
* Except: For the nouns ending by Y, but preceded by a vowel, we just add S for their plural
form,
Example : a boy.> many boys ; a key.> many keys ; a day.> many days
A toy.> many toys ; a monkey.> many monkeys ;
3.
For some nouns ending by O, we form their plural form by adding ES,
Example : a hero.> many heroes ; a tomato.> many tomatoes
A potato.> many potatoes ; a volcano.> many volcanoes ; a mango.> many
mangoes, a buffalo.> many buffaloes
* Except :
For the nouns ending by OO, IO, OE, YO, we just add S for their plural form,
Example : a bamboo.> some bamboos ; a radio.> many radios ; a piano.> many pianos
4.
For some nouns ending in singular form by F or FE, we form their plural form by replacing F by V
and adding ES (VES),
Example : a knife.> many knives ; a leaf.> many leaves ; a life.> many lives ;
A wolf.> many wolves ; a loaf.> many loaves ; a half.> many halves ;
5.
For some nouns ending by X, S, Z, SH. CH, WE add ES for their plural form,
Example : a bus.> some buses ; a beach.> some beaches ; a quiz.> many quizzes
6.
For some nouns, their plural form will be irregular,

Example : a man.> many men; a woman.> many women; a foot.> many feet
A tooth.> many teeth ; a mouse.> many mice
7.
Some nouns will have the same writing in singular and plural form,
* Example1: a swine.> many swine; a deer.>many deer; a sheep.> many sheep
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a fish.>many fish ;
* Example2: a species.> many species; a series.> many series; a Sudanese.> many

Sudanese, a Balinese.> many Balinese; a Madurese.> many Madurese;
8.
Some nouns are always in plural form,

* Example1: glasses ; arms ; scissors ; clothes ; pantaloons ; shorts ; trousers ; pants ; shoes etc.
* Example2: news ; civics ; mechanics ; mathematics ; economics ; gymnastics ; physics ;
politics ; linguistics etc.
9.
These following nouns are grammatically used as plural, despite their singular form,
Example : Government ; staff ; family ; team ; committee ; company ; firm ; police etc.
10. These following nouns are in singular form,

* Example1: Everybody (and all nouns with the prefix every);
* Example2: Person (the plural of a person is people... not persons);
* Example3: Talking about weight (kg, pounds etc), about time (years, months etc) and
distance (km, miles etc);
11. These following nouns can be in singular or plural form,
* Example1: Series (a TV series; many TV series etc);
* Example2: Species (a species of bird, many species of birds);
* Example3: Means (a means of transportation; many means of transportation);
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EXERCISES
A. Give the plural form of these following words
1_A gift : => ..... ; 2_A party : => .. ; 3_A dwarf : =>
.... ;
4_A person : => ... ; 5_A wife : => ... ; 6_A hobby : =>
... ; 7_A course : => ..... ;8_A child : => .... ; 9_A rush : =>
........... ;
10_A supply : => .. ; 11_A leaf : => ... ; 12_A mango : =>
... ; 13_A church : => ...... ; 14_A quiz : => ...... ; 15_A life :
=> ... ;
16_A beach: => ...; 17_A buffalo : => ... ; 18_A
deer: =>
.. ; 19_A furniture : => ... ; 20_A city : => ... ; 21_A chief : =>
...... ;
22_A crush : => .. ; 23_A tooth : => .. ; 24_A cry : => .. ;
25_An elf : => .... ; 26_A roof : => .... ; 27_A proof : =>
.. ;
28_A tornado : => .... ; 29_An aircraft : => ... ; 30_A kiss : =>
...... ;
31_A mosquito : => .. ; 32_A Javanese : => ..... ; 33_A house : =>
...... ;
34_A dress : => ... ; 35_A witch : => .. ; 36_A buzz : =>
....... ;
37_A cliff : => ... ; 38_A fruit : => ... ; 39_A bus : =>
....... ;
B. Give the plural form of these following words/verbs
Choose the correct form (singular or plural)of the verb/nouns.
1_ everybody in the class tired. (Is/are)
2 _20 kilometers pretty far for me. (is/are)
3_I get used to long distance relationship, two years without meeting my husband bearable
for me. (is/are)
4_ Many like doing exercises. (Persons/ people)
5_ every (student/students) (has/have) to prepare the examination.
6 _The news on TV! I want to watch (them/it)
7 _Reading newspapers (is/are) (a/some) good means of information.
8 _65 kg a perfect weight for a model. (is/are)
9 _Islam KTP (is/are) a nice TV series.
10_ This year, the firm Coca Cola (has/have) made lot of benedicts
11_ Every (people/person) (have/has) to earn honestly.
12 _In many countries, 3 years (are/is) enough to get your Bachelor degree
C. Give the plural form of these following words
Choose the correct form (singular or plural) of the nouns.
1_There were two young (lady) working in the garden
2_I see two (dish) on the table
3_these two (child) are watching TV
4_Could you give me some (information) about your project
5_These (box) hurt me by falling down
6_My (trousers) are dirty
7_I can see many dead (leaf)
8_Your (luggage) are too heavy
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9_The (deer) are running in the forest

10_I lost all of my (key) this morning
11_I quickly need some (furniture)
12_I would like some (potato) in my plate please
13_There are many black (sheep) in Scotland
14_Does your father give you (advice) ?
15_There (is/are) hair in my soup!
D. Fill the blanks with the right verbs
Choose the correct form (singular or plural) of the verbs.
1_ Gymnastics my favorite sport. (is/are)
2 _The trousers you bought for me fit me. (doesn't/dont)
3_The police to interview two men about the robbery last week. (want/ wants)
4_ Physics my best subject at school. (was/ were)
5_ Can I borrow your scissors? Mine sharp enough. (isnt/ arent)
6 _Fortunately the news as bad as we expected. (wasn' t/weren't)
7 _Where your family live? (does/ do)
8 _Three days long enough for a good holiday. (isn't/aren't)
9 _I can't find my binoculars. Do you know where? (it is / they are)
10_ Do you think the people happy with the government? (is/are)
11_ the police know how the accident happened? (Does/Do)
12 _I don't like very hot weather. Thirty degrees too warm for me. ( is/are)
13 _Twenty thousands pounds stolen in the robbery. (was/were)
14 _The staff at the school happy with their new working conditions. ( arent/ isnt)
15 _Scotland playing France next week (in a football match). (are/is)
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UNIT 4
(Grammar Point: Gender /Masculine-feminine/Common
gender/Neuter Gender)
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A. UNDERSTANDING GRAMMAR:
The Gender in English

In English, we have three kinds of Gender: Masculine-Feminine Gender, Common Gender and
Neuter Gender;
1. Masculine and Feminine Gender :
There are three ways to change a word from masculine to feminine form,
a) We can change the word in masculine form by another word in feminine form,
Example: boy.> girl; brother.> sister;
b) We can change a word from masculine to feminine form by adding something (prefix or suffix) to
its masculine form,
o A prefix (placed before the word) :
Example : he-cat.> she-cat ; man-servant.> maid-servant ;
o A suffix (placed after the word) :
Example : grand-father.> grand-mother ; washer-man.> washer-woman ;
c) We can also put a masculine word into the feminine form by adding ESS to its masculine form,
o Adding ESS with no change to the masculine form of the word (the Radical),
Example : author.> authoress ; host.> hostess ;
o
Adding ESS and deleting the final consonant of the word in masculine form :
Example : actor.> actress ; hunter.> huntress ; tiger.> tigress ;
Adding ESS in an irregular way :

Example : master.> mistress ; murderer.> murderess ; tiger.> tigress ; sorcerer.>
sorceress ;
o
* Particular cases1: widower.> widow; bride-groom.> bride etc;

* Particular cases2 (words from foreign languages): hero.> heroine; signor.> signora;
sultan.> sultana etc;
2. Common Gender :
Some words in English can be masculine or feminine, that why we said they have Common Gender
Example : baby ; cat ; child ; cousin ; parent ; person ; sheep ; spouse ; student etc ;
3. Neuter Gender :
Thats all nouns meaning abstraction , things etc
Example : wine ; milk ; bread ; happiness ; politeness ; beauty ; silver ; satisfaction ;
committee etc ;
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EXERCISES
i.
Give the correct feminine form of these following words
1_A bull => ......

2_A cat => ....
3_An uncle => ....
4_A coordinator => .......
5_A camel => .....
6_An actor => ....
7_A wolf => ....
8_A cock => ....
9_A bear => ....
10_A tiger => ....
11_A lion => ......
12_A goat => .....
13_bridegroom => ....
14_Sister-in-law => ......
15_Bachelor => .......
16_A murderer => .....
17_A host => ......
18_A policeman => ....
19_A bee => .......
20_A hero => .........
i.
21_A sultan => .....

22_A duke => ....
23_A master => ....
24_A sorcerer=> .....
25_God => ......
26_A poet => .....
27_A prophet => .....
28_A shepherd => ......
29_A peer => .....
30_A conductor => ....
31_A tempter => .....
32_An emperor => ....
33_Sir => ......
34_Gentleman => ....
35_A king => .......
36_A husband => ......
37_A Lord => ......
38_A clue => ........
39_A county => .....
40_A Jew => ....
Give the masculine and feminine form of these words in common gender
1_A goat

2_A singer

3_A cat

4_A cousin

5_A monarch

6_A baby

7_A spouse

8_A servant

9_A swine (pig)

10_A horse (stallion)

11_A sibling

12_A parent

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UNIT 5
(Grammar point: Interrogative, relative conjunctive
pronouns)
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A. UNDERSTANDING GRAMMAR
Interrogative, relative (conjunctive pronouns)

Interrogative Pronouns (kata ganti penanya):
1.
Who (person as a subject) : (siapa)

Example : Who is that girl ? Who gave you this book ?
2.
Whom (person as an object) : (siapa)

Example : For whom does she make the dress ? With whom do you go to school ?
Sometimes we can switch these expressions For whom/With whom by For who/With
who
Example :
For whom does she make the dress ? Who does she make the dress for ?
With whom do you go to school ? Who do you go to school with ?
3.
Whose (expressing the possession) : (milik siapa)

Example : Whose bag is that ? Whose dpensils are these ?
4.
What (expressing a name/thing/job/grate of someone) : (apa)

Example : What is your name ? What is he ?
5.
Which (expressing a choice) : (yang mana)

Example : Which do your prefere, the appel or the mango ? Which of these girls will win
the prize ?
6.
Where (expressing a place) : (dimana)

Example : Where are you from ? Where do you live ?
7.
Why (expressing a reason) : (kenapa)

Example : Why are you so sad ? Why do you study english ?
Other interrogative pronouns

Interrogative pronouns
how
. Much (berapa harganya)

. Many (berapa)
. Often (berapa kali)
. Long (berapa lama)
. Far (berapa jauh)
. Old (berapa umur)
Examples
How much is that clothes?
How many siblings do you have?
How often do you go to your hometown?
How long does it take to go to Surabaya?
How far is the petrol station?
How old are you?
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*Pay attention
Most of the time, the interrogative pronouns will be linked to the preposition following the verbs
who
with
to
at
about
Examples
Who do work with ?
Who are you talking about ?
Who are you looking at ?
Who are you talking about ?
. for
like
at
about
what
Examples
What did you buy it for ?
What is the film like ?
What are you looking at ?
What are you talking about ?
where
which
from
in
Examples
Where dare you from ?
Which country do you live in ?
Relative or conjunctive Pronouns :

They are: who; which; that; whom; whose (yang)
1.
Who (person as a subject) : (yang)

Example : The girl who always plays in front of my house is very beautiful
2.
Whom (person as an object) : (yang)

Example : That is the woman whom I saw yesterday
Sometimes we can switch these expressions For whom/With whom by For who/With
who
Example :
This is the girl for whom I buy this flower

Ayu is my friend with whom I went shopping
3.
Whose (expressing the possession) : (yg nya)

Example : The man whose wife died yesterday is my uncle
4.
What (expressing a name/thing/job/grate of someone) : (apa yg, apa)

Example : I cannot tell you know what happened
5.
Which (expressing a choice) : (yang mana)

Example : This is the fish which I fished last night
6.
Where (expressing a place) : (dimana)

Example : Jogjakarta is the city where I grew up
7.
Why (expressing a reason) : (kenapa)

Example : I dont know why this guy is staring at me like this
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*Pay attention1
In spoken English, relative or conjunctive pronouns often are deleted:
Example : He has something (that) I want ; This is the book (which)I bought yesterday; He is the
painter (whom) hI admire;
*Pay attention2
Which and What are not used after :
All; some; any; something; everything; anything; nothing; much; and little
It is often used That
Example : He has something (that) I want ; All (that) I need is some rest;
EXERCISES
B. Interrogative sentences:
i.
Fill the blanks with the correct interrogative pronouns
1_ ..... did you arrive? Yesterday

2_ .. have you travelled? By plane
3_... many passengers were there? One hundred, really?
4_... did you talk to? Mr. Turner
5_...... does he do? Is he still a fisherman?
6_...... dont you eat? Arent you hungry?
7_ ........ tickets are these? Mr. Turners?
8_..... is Mr. Papa? One meter eighty
9_......... does the leather bag cost? Two hundred thousands rupiah
10_...... do they come and visit the hospital? Twice a year
11_...... one is your car? The brown one?
12_..... shall I have to wait for an answer? Two weeks?
13_....................................... buys some shirts? My mother does
14_....................................... is the teacher talking? The teacher is talking Hasan
15_....................................... hat is that? That is Alis hat
16_....................................... did she write? She wrote a letter
17_....................................... do you need? A book or a pencil? You need a book, not a pencil
18_....................................... of these girls will win the prize?
ii.
Reorder these words into correct interrogative sentences
1_now you? Live Where do

.
2_do do? You What
.
3_your salary monthly? is What

4_? you married Are

5_married you When get did?

6_your what? Do does wife

7_How? Children got you have many
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8_How abroad you? Do often go

9_this buy for you dress? you whom did

10_a me help write who letter? can to

C. Relative (conjunctive) pronouns: Fill the blanks with the correct relative pronouns
i.
Fill the blanks with the correct relative pronouns
1_ The man was here yesterday has gone to France

2 _The flower he bought is a lotus
3_The man we were looking for has come
4_ He is a man I know you can trust
5_ This is the girl brother lives in London
6 _I cannot tell you happened
7 _He has something I want
8 _I know all .. he did
9 _Thats the tiger he caught
10_I saw everything he did
11_ Every (people/person) (have/has) to earn honestly.
12 _In many countries, 3 years (are/is) enough to get your Bachelor degree
13_ Peter is the boy .. rides the blue bike
14_This is the boy .. had an accident
15_Yesterday I saw a car was really old
16_Mandy is the girl .. I met on Friday
17_I havent seen Peter, . Brother is five, for a long time
18_The robber stole the car . the lady parked in front of the supermarket
19_This is the man .. house is on fire
20_Can I talk to the girl . is sitting on the bench?
21_The book .. you gave me is great
ii.
Make some sentences using the relative pronouns below
1_who

2_whom

3_which

4_what

5_Whose

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UNIT 6
(Grammar point: The use of many, much, a lot of (lots
of), few, a few, little, a little (a bit)
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A. GRAMMAR UNDERSTANDING
The use of many, much, a lot of (lots of), few, a few, little, a little
1.
Many : (for countable nouns),

Example : many books ; many cars ; many chairs ; many pupils etc.
2.
Much : (for uncountable nouns),

Example : much water ; much money ; much sugar ; much ink etc.
3.
A lot of & lots of : (for countable or uncountable nouns),

Example : I have a lot of books ; I have lots of friends ; I have a lot of spare time ; there is a lot of
water here ;
o
For questions and negative sentences :
Its better to use: Many and Much: (for countable and uncountable nouns),
Example: we didnt spend much money; how much water is there in the class? There arent
many people in the street? Etc.
o
For positive sentences :
Its better to use: A lot of: (for countable and uncountable nouns),
Example: I need a lot of time to finish this work;
4.
Other expressions of quantity or large number :

(For uncountable nouns)
A good (great) deal of business
A large quantity of wine
Plenty of time
(For countable nouns)
A good (great) many customers
A great number of cars
5.
Few/a few (for countable nouns) :

Few (negative meaning), can be replaced within a sentence by not many
Example: Few people will admit their faults; Has he few books? She has few friends, except you
A few (positive meaning), can be replaced within a sentence by several
Example: I wish you would stay here a few days; I was glad to have a few books; I have a few
friends besides you
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6.
Little/a little (a bit) (for uncountable nouns) :

Little (negative meaning), can be replaced within a sentence by not much
Example: I have little time to do it; He was sorry to find that he had little money
A little (positive meaning), can be replaced within a sentence by a bit
Example: I am glad I have a little time left; He Will you have a little wine? Please give me a little
bread
EXCERCISES
a.
Fill the blanks with few/a few, little/a little
1. We must be quick. We have . time

2. Listen carefully. I'm going to give you . advice
3. Do you mind if I ask you . questions?
4. This town is not a very interesting place to visit, so . tourists come here.
5. I don't think Jill would be a good teacher. She's got . patience.
6. ' Would you like milk in your coffee?' Yes please. .
7. This is a very boring place to live. There's . to do.
8. 'Have you ever been to Paris?'' Yes, I've been there . times.
9. They live in a very small flat because they have . money.
10. I really need to see him. I've go . questions to ask him.
11. Could we have . champagne, please?
12. 'Were you surprised?' ' . '
13. They've already been to Spain . times.
14. These plants require . water and it's very handy.
15. At home, the kitchen was a pleasant place. There were always . flowers in a vase.
16. 'How's your father?' . better, thanks.'
17. 'Sandra is fluent in Italian, French and Spanish.' 'It's quite rare, . people can speak
several foreign languages.'
18. This boy isn't very popular at school. He's got very . friends.
b.
(same as the exercise a)
1. Come on Robert! I need . help.

2. How interesting! . people know that.
3. We made good time because there was . traffic so early in the morning.
4. We are going away for . days.
5. Will you have . more ice cream? We might as well finish it.
6. Stuart is a good student, he has . problems at school.
7. Can I help you? I speak . English.
8. I need to borrow . Euros, could you help me?
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9. It's a very quiet area here, there is . noise in the streets.

10. Did you take . photographs during your holidays?
11. Hurry! We've got . time.
12. I met Michael . weeks ago.
13. She is always alone. She's got . friends.
14. Let's go and have a drink. We've got . time before school starts.
15. She has . friends at the seaside, and we enjoy ourselves a lot.
16. . people can speak two languages perfectly.
17. She has got . patience. She always gets angry.
18. The school was almost empty. There were . students.
19. There is . sugar in the house. Can you go and buy some?
20. Would you like some tea? Yes, please, but only ..
c.
Fill the blanks with many/much
1. There's . rain .
2. Have you got .. friends ?
3. Stop it ! It's too .. for me !
4. I hope to have .. presents for Christmas because I was nice this year !
5. No ! I don't dive into this water, it's too .. cold !
6. Oh my bedroom is messy I have so .. things !
7. How .. does it cost ?
8. How .. money do you have ?
9. How .. oranges did you buy?
10. How .. orange juice did you buy ?
11. How .. books did he write ?
12. How .. people will be at your wedding ?
13. There's so .. love in your eyes !
14. There's too .. noise in this room ! Hush ! The baby sleeps !
15. They have visited .. countries !
d.
Make two sentences using few/a few/little/a-little/many/much
1_few

2_a few

3_little

4_a little

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5_many
6_much
e. Make two sentences using a good (great) deal of/a large quantity of/plenty of/a good (great)
many/a great number of
1_a good (or great) deal of

2_a large quantity of

3_plenty of

4_a good (great) many

5_a great number of

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UNIT 7
(Grammar point: Relationship between verbs-nounsadjectives-and-adverbs)
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I.
GRAMMAR UNDERSTANDING
The use of nouns, adjectives and adverbs

A word may have various forms and constructs new meanings and are used in different ways. The
word has different formations by changing it in a new form.
1. SUFFIXES
NOUN + FUL = ADJECTIVE (meaning: full of, having)
NOUN + LESS = ADJECTIVE (meaning: without)
Noun
Art
Fear
Use
Beauty
Skill
Child
Count
Defense
ful (Adjective)
Artful
Fearful
Useful
Beautiful
Skillful
-
less (Adjective)
Artless
Fearless
Useless
Childless
Countless
Defenseless
COUNT NOUN + HOOD = NONCOUNT ABSTRACT NOUN

Count Noun
hood (Abstract noun)
Adult
Adulthood
Child
Childhood
Parent
Parenthood
Sister
Sisterhood
Brother
Brotherhood
Widow
Widowhood
COUNT NOUN + SHIP = NONCOUNT ABSTRACT NOUN
Count Noun
ship (Abstract noun)
Friend
Friendship
Leader
Leadership
Member
Membership
Scholar
Scholarship
Relation
Relationship
ADJECTIVE + NESS = NONCOUNT ABSTRACT NOUN
Adjective
ness (Abstract noun)
Appropriate
Appropriateness
Aware
Awareness
Clever
Cleverness
Conscious
Consciousness
Dark
Darkness
ADJECTIVE + Ity = ABSTRACT NOUN

Adjective
ity (Abstract noun)
Able
Ability
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Accessible
Accessibility
Probable
Probability
Productive
Productivity
Responsible
Responsibility
VERB + Tion (sion) = NOUN

Verb
tion/sion (noun)
Abort
Abortion
Accelerate
Acceleration
Accommodate
Accommodation
Form
Formation
Imitate
Imitation
VERB + Er = NOUN
Verb
Er (noun)
Analyze
Analyser
Announce
Announcer
Rob
Robber
Rule
Ruler
Train
Trainer
VERB + Or = NOUN
Verb
Or (noun)
Prosecute
Prosecutor
Generate
Generator
Motivate
Motivator
Contract
Contractor
Contribute
Contributor
VERB + Ment = NOUN

Verb
Announce
Develop
Manage
Excite
Attach
VERB + Able (ible) = ADJECTIVE
Verb
Ment (noun)
Announcement
Development
Management
Excitement
Attachement
tion/sion (noun)
Accept
Acceptable
Collect
Collectible
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Communicate
Communicable
Rely
Reliable
Value
Valuable
Washer
Washable
VERB + Ive (active) = ADJECTIVE

Verb
Ive/active (adjective)
Act
Active
Administrate
Administrative
Explode
Explosive
Provoke
Provocative
Alternate
Alternative
Talk
Talkative
VERB + Ly = ADVERB
Adjective
Ly (adverb)
Abrupt
Abruptly
Hopeful
Hopefully
Important
Importantly
Interesting
Interestingly
Proud
Proudly
EXCERCISES
a.
Complete this chart (adjectives-adverbs)
Adjective
Adverb
Adjective
Angrily
Brave
Drunken
Loud
desperately
..
excitedly
Quick
Romantic
Soft
Adverb
Nervously
.
quietly
slowly
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a. Complete this chart (verb-Adjective)

Verb
Adjective
Dream
Conserve
Harm
Frighten
rainy
..
excitedly
Verb
.
Divide
Hate
Understand
Adjective
Injured
.
explicable
slow
b. Complete this chart (verb-noun)

Verb
Print
Conserve
Recess
Fail
Noun
Promotion
..
schedule
Verb
.
Divide
Succeed
Understand
Noun
Leader
.
Lecturer
Parliament
c. Make some sentences with these following words

1. Fear
2. Fearless
3. Fearful
4. Use (verb)
5. Useful
6. Useless
7. Usefully
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8. Usefulness
9. Child
10. Childhood
..
10. Adult
11. Adulthood
12. Friend
13. Friendship
..
14. Clever
..
15. Cleverness
16. Analyze
17. Analyzer
18. Analysis
..
19. Communicate
..
20. Communication
21. Communicable
22. Interest (verb)
23. Interest (noun)

..
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24. Interesting
25. Interestingly
..
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UNIT 8
(Grammar point: The degrees of comparison)
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I.
I.1
The degrees of comparison
In English, we have 3 degrees of comparison: The positive degree, the Comparative and the Superlative
degree
1.
2.
3.
For adjectives with 1 or 2 syllables, we add R or ER (for the comparative) and EST (for
the superlative)
Example: Rich > Richer > Richest; Thick > Thicker > Thickest; etc.
For an adjective with 1 or 2 syllables ending by a consonant preceded by a vowel, we
double the consonant and we add ER (for the comparative) and EST (for the
superlative)
Example: Big > Bigger > Biggest; Wet > Wetter > Wettest; etc.
For an adjective ending by E, we only add R (for the comparative) and ST (for the
superlative)
Example: Nice > Nicer > Nicest; Fine > Finer > Finest; etc.
4.
For an adjective ending by Y (preceded by a consonant), Y will be replaced by I, then

we add ER (for the comparative) and EST (for the superlative)
Example: Dry > Drier > Driest; Happy > Happier > Happiest; etc.
5.
For an adjective ending by Y (preceded by a vowel), we keep the final vowel Y and we
add ER (for the comparative) and EST (for the superlative)
Example: Grey > Greyer > Greyest; Coy > Coyer > Coyest; etc.
6.
For an adjective with 1 or 2 syllables ending by SOME, OW, LE, ER, we add R (for
the comparative) and ST (for the superlative)
Example: Wholesome > Wholesomer > Wholesomest; Narrow > Narrower > Narrowest;
Noble > Nobler > Noblest; etc.
7.
For an adjective with 1 or 2 syllables (with a high pronunciation for the first syllable), we
add MORE (for the comparative) and MOST (for the superlative)
Example: Famous > More Famous > Most Famous; Useful > More Useful > Most Useful;
etc.
8.
Some adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms

Example: Famous > More Famous > Most Famous; Useful > More Useful > Most Useful;
etc.
Irregular adjectives
Comparative forms
Superlative forms
Bad
Worst
Worst
Better
Best
More
Most
Less
Least
Nearer
-------Older
Elder
-------Later
Latter
Nearest
-------Oldest
Eldest
-------Latest
Last
Good
Much
Little
Near*
Old*
Late*
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Remark1: Elder and eldest are used for people and mostly for people in a same
family, while Older and Oldest are more common, general, and are used to express age etc.
Example: Mary is my eldest; He is my elder brother; John is older than me; that is the oldest
hotel in this city etc.
Remark2:
-Later means the last (about time)
Example: She came to school later than I; I will take the later plan;
-Latter expresses the second (last) thing that we already mentionned
Example: Alexandria and Cairo are large cities, the latter has a population of over a million;
-The opposite of Latter is Former
Example: Alexandria and Cairo are large cities, the former is a seaport in north Egypt;
-Latest means the last until now while Last means the last one (end)
Example: Did you read Mr. Greens latest book? Did you read Mr. Greens last book?
9.
Cases of several adverbs
Adverbs
Fore
Far
Comparative forms
Further (Ex: further
information)
Superlative forms
Furthest
Farthest
Farther (Ex: Bangkok is

farther than Manile)
In
Inner (Ex; Inner beauty)
Innermost/Inmost
Out
Outter/Utter (Ex; Outter

space)
Uttermost/Utmost
Up
Upper (Ex; the upper floor)
Uppermost
10. These following adjectives have no comparative or superlative forms: Perfect, Supreme,
Right, Wrong, Unique, Natural
Example: My work is more perfect than his > False
I.2
How to make comparative and superlative forms

1.
Positive degree
As + Positive + As >This girl is as clever as that
No less + positive + than > This girl is no less clever than that
Not more + positive + than > This girl is not more clever than that
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2.
Comparative degree
Comparative + Than >This boy is more clever than that
>Lisa is taller than her sister
3.
Superlative degree
The + Superlative + Of >She is the tallest of all the girls
The + Superlative + Noun + in > Jakarta is the largest city in
Indonesia
I.3
Latin comparatives
Those adjectives are coming from Latin language: superior to (greater/better than), inferior to
(less/lower than), and anterior to (earlier than), prior to (earlier than), posterior to (later than),
senior to (older than), junior to (younger than) etc.
To form the Latin comparative, than will be replaced by to;
Example: My strength is superior to his;
Example: His strength is inferior to mine
Example: This event is anterior to that;
Example: This event is prior to that;
Example: This event is posterior to that;
Example: This woman is senior to that one;
Example: This boy is junior to that one;
Some other adjectives from Latin language can be used in a positive degree without using
to: interior, exterior, ulterior, major, minor etc.
Example: He is an interior decorator; He had an ulterior purpose in doing this; there are a lot of
major industries in Indonesia; that fact has a minor importance; He underwent a minor surgery;
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Exercises
a. Complete theses sentences with the right comparative/superlative form
1.
Sandra is Sophia (+pretty)
2.
This song is the previous one (+good)
3.
My boat is yours (= expensive)
4.
This book is that one (=bad)
5.
Jurassic Park is than Star Wars (-frightening)
6.
The Lost World is than Jurassic Park 1 (-good)
7.
Peter is student in the school (+ intelligent)
8.
This museum is place in the town (- interesting)
9.
Peter drives than Tony (+ quickly)
10. You have got sweets than she has (+many)

11. Mount Everest is than mount Kilimanjaro (+high)
12. A hurricane is than a storm (+frightening)
13. Learning Chinese is than learning Japanese (+bad)
14. August is than December (+hot)
15. Riding a horse is than riding a bicycle (+difficult)
16. John is good at math but Eric is (+good)
17. This film is than the one we saw last week (+funny)
18. A tiger is than a lynx (+strong)
19. I'm upset about Freddy, he is than his sisters (+lazy)
20. The weather is in England than in Greenland (+pleasant)
b. Find the comparative form of these following adjectives (+)
1.
Great >..
6.
Fast >
2.
Expensive >
7.
Dangerous >.
3.
Fabulous >..
8.
Talkative >
4.
Large >..
9.
Stupid >..
5.
Short >..
10. Early >.
c. Complete theses sentences with the right comparative/superlative form

1.
The car n1 is than the car n2. (cheap)
2.
The car n2 is than the car n1. (expensive)
3.
The car 1 is not as the car 2. (expensive)
4.
The car 2 is than the car 1. (wide)
5.
The car 1 is not as as the car 2. (wide)
6.
The car 2 is the car in the world. (beautiful)
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7.
The car 1 is the car in the world (cheap)
d. Find the comparative form of these following adjectives (+)

1.
Healthy >.
6.
Funny >
2.
Simple >..
7.
Modern >
3.
Chilly >
8.
Bored >
4.
Wise >..
9.
Jealous >.
5.
Heavy >..
10. Quiet >.
e. Make some sentences with these following words

1.
Superior to
2.
Inferior to
3.
Minor
4.
Major
5.
Junior to
6.
Senior to
7.
Later
8.
Latest
9.
Last
10. Latter
..
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UNIT 9
(Grammar point: Active and Passive voices)
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I.1
the Active and Passive voices

Active Voice
In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action denoted by the verb.
These examples show that the subject is doing the verb's action.
Example: The man must have eaten five hamburgers > The man (subject) is doing the eating
(verb)
Example: Marylin mailed the letter > The Marylin (subject) is doing the mailing (verb)
Example: Colorfull Parrots live in the forest > The Parrots (subject) is doing the living (verb)
Because the subject does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in the
active voice.
Passive Voice
One can change the normal word order of many active sentences (those with a direct object) so that the
subject is no longer active, but is, instead, being acted upon by the verb - or passive.
Note in these examples how the subject-verb relationship has changed.
Example: Five hamburgers must have been eaten by the man > Hamburgers (subject) are being
eaten (verb)
Example: The letter was mailed by Marylin > Letter (subject) is being mailed (verb)
Example: Colorfull Parrots live in the forest > The Parrots (subject) is doing the living (verb)
NOTE: Colorful parrots live in the rainforests cannot be changed to passive voice because the sentence
does not have a direct object.
To be + Past Participle (V3)
Active Voice
Passive Voice
Simple Present
1) John bites Mary
Mary is bitten by John
2) John doesnt bite Mary
Mary isnt bitten by John
3) Does John bite Mary?
Is Mary bitten by John?
4) What does John do?
What is done by John?
5) Who bites Mary?
Who is Mary bitten by?
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6) Who does John bite?

Who is bitten by John?
Simple Continuous
1) John is biting Mary
....................................................................................................
2) John isnt biting Mary
....................................................................................................
3) Is John biting Mary?
....................................................................................................
4) What is John doing?
....................................................................................................
5) Who is biting Mary?
....................................................................................................
6) Who is John biting?
....................................................................................................
Present Perfect
1) John has bitten Mary
....................................................................................................
2) John hasnt bitten Mary
....................................................................................................
3) Has John bitten Mary?
....................................................................................................
4) What has John done?
....................................................................................................
5) Who has bitten Mary?
....................................................................................................
6) Who has John bitten?
....................................................................................................
Present Perfect Continuous

1) John has been biting Mary
....................................................................................................
2) John hasnt been biting Mary
....................................................................................................
3) Has John been biting Mary?
....................................................................................................
4) What has John been doing?
....................................................................................................
5) Who has been biting Mary?
....................................................................................................
6) Who has John been biting?
....................................................................................................
Simple Past
1) John bit Mary
....................................................................................................
2) John didnt bite Mary
....................................................................................................
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3) Did John bite Mary?
....................................................................................................
4) What did John do?
....................................................................................................
5) Who bit Mary?
....................................................................................................
6) Who did John bite?
....................................................................................................
Past Continuous
1) John was biting Mary
....................................................................................................
2) John wasnt biting Mary
....................................................................................................
3) Was John biting Mary?
....................................................................................................
4) What was John doing?
....................................................................................................
5) Who was biting Mary?
....................................................................................................
6) Who was John biting?
....................................................................................................
Past Perfect
1) John had bitten Mary
....................................................................................................
2) John hadnt bitten Mary
....................................................................................................
3) Had John bitten Mary?
....................................................................................................
4) What had John done?
....................................................................................................
5) Who had bitten Mary?
....................................................................................................
6) Who had John bitten?
....................................................................................................
Future
1) John will bite Mary
....................................................................................................
2) John wont bite Mary
....................................................................................................
3) Will John bite Mary?
....................................................................................................
4) What will John do?
....................................................................................................
5) Who will bite Mary?
....................................................................................................
6) Who will John bite?
....................................................................................................
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Future Perfect
1) John will have bitten Mary
....................................................................................................
2) John wont have bitten Mary
....................................................................................................
3) Will John have bitten Mary?
....................................................................................................
4) What will John have done?
....................................................................................................
5) Who will have bitten Mary?
....................................................................................................
6) Who will John have bitten?
....................................................................................................
Future Perfect Continuous

1) John will have been biting Mary
....................................................................................................
2) John wont have been biting Mary
....................................................................................................
3) Will John have been biting Mary?
....................................................................................................
4) What will John have been doing?
....................................................................................................
5) Who will have been biting Mary?
....................................................................................................
6) Who will John have been biting?
....................................................................................................
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Exercises
i. Make into the passive voice these following sentences

1_She sings a song

2_She sang a song

3_Linda can make tarts

4_We give him a prize

5_We gave him a prize

6_They elect him as a president

7_ They elected him as a president

8_The electricians test the fire alarm.

9_The electricians tested the fire alarm.

10_The teacher closes the window.

11_The teacher will close the window.

12_The girls can play handball.

13_ They develop a new type of washing machine.

14_ They will develop a new type of washing machine.

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15_ They can develop a new type of washing powder.

16_ Ridwan told Rizal to give up smoking

ii. Rewrite these sentences in ACTIVE voice

1_The telephone is invented by Alexander Graham Bell.

2_The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.

3_Coffee is sold by Marie.

4_Coffee was sold by Marie.

5_ The computer is used by Patrick.

6_ The computer was used by Patrick.

7_ Letters are written by the students.

8_Letters were written by the students.

9_ Lots of houses were destroyed

10_ Lots of houses will be destroyed

11_ Lots of houses are destroyed
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12_We were expected to build the road

13_ We will be expected to build the road

14_We are expected to build the road

iii. Make five (5) sentences in ACTIVE and PASSIVE voice

1_.

2_.

3_.

4_.

5_ .

57

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Jember University

English for Students

ENGLISH FOR NURSING STUDENTS

Greetings and Introductions ............................................................................................................... 7

ENGLISH FOR NURSING STUDENTS

ENGLISH FOR NURSING STUDENTS

reetings and Introductions

My name is ( ... John Grey).

Allow me to introduce myself.

Nice to meet you Mr. Grey, Im

Other useful expressions of closing an introduction

Glad to meet you

Its nice to meet you

ENGLISH FOR NURSING STUDENTS

Helen: Nice to meet you too

Min Ju: Hi Ms. Watson, a

Betty: Same here

Harry: Mr. Lee, its good to

Other useful expressions of opening an introduction

May introduce (to) .?

Catch you later

I have to run/ I must be off

I have to be going now

Later dude /See you/Cheerio

ENGLISH FOR NURSING STUDENTS

See you (later/

Fine/ O.K/ All right/

Fine/ O.K/ All right/Sure

4. Greetings (Well being)

How are you?

How are things?

How are things going?

How have you been?

How do you feel?

How goes it?

Ive had better days.

How are you doing?

Not too good.

How's life treating you?

Not very well

How are you getting on?

ENGLISH FOR NURSING STUDENTS

5. Read this dialogue and practice it

ENGLISH FOR NURSING STUDENTS

ENGLISH FOR NURSING STUDENTS

ENGLISH FOR NURSING STUDENTS

Simple Tenses: Present - Past - Future

ENGLISH FOR NURSING STUDENTS

Affirmative (Positive) Form (+)

Negative Form (-)

Interrogative Form (?)

The spelling rules for He, She, and It

Ends in ch, sh, s, x, z

B. Simple Past Tense

ENGLISH FOR NURSING STUDENTS

Affirmative (Positive) Form (+)

Negative Form (-)

Interrogative Form (?)

Past Simple: Regular and Irregular Verb

- He stopped working at 5.30 p.m

ENGLISH FOR NURSING STUDENTS

2. Temporal conjunction (kata sambung yang bersifat sementara)