Michelle E.

Delaguna
BS-HRM 3A

Ultrasound is an oscillating sound pressure wave with a frequency greater than the upper
limit of the human hearing range. Ultrasound is thus not separated from 'normal' (audible) sound
by differences in physical properties, only by the fact that humans cannot hear it. Although this
limit varies from person to person, it is approximately 20 kilohertz (20,000 hertz) in healthy,
young adults. Ultrasound devices operate with frequencies from 20 kHz up to several gigahertz.

Ultrasound is used in many different fields. Ultrasonic devices are used to detect objects
and measure distances. Ultrasonic imaging (sonography) is used in both veterinary medicine and
human medicine. In the nondestructive testing of products and structures, ultrasound is used to
detect invisible flaws. Industrially, ultrasound is used for cleaning and for mixing, and to
accelerate chemical processes. Animals such as bats and porpoises use ultrasound for locating
prey and obstacles.

Ultrasonics is the application of ultrasound. Ultrasound can be used for medical imaging,
detection, measurement and cleaning. At higher power levels, ultrasonic is useful for changing
the chemical properties of substances.

How the Test is Performed

An ultrasound machine creates images that allow various organs in the body to be
examined. The machine sends out high-frequency sound waves, which reflect off body
structures. A computer receives these reflected waves and uses them to create a picture. Unlike
with an x-ray or CT scan, there is no ionizing radiation exposure with this test.
The test is done in the ultrasound or radiology department. You will be lying down for
the procedure. A clear, water-based conducting gel is applied to the skin over the area being
examined to help with the transmission of the sound waves. A handheld probe called a
transducer is moved over the area being examined. You may be asked to change position so that
other areas can be examined.

How to Prepare for the Test

Preparation for the procedure will depend on the body region being examined.

How the Test Will Feel

There is generally little discomfort with ultrasound procedures. The conducting gel may
feel slightly cold and wet.

Why the Test is Performed

The reason for the examination will depend on your symptoms.

Normal Results

Results are considered normal if the organs and structures in the region being examined
are normal in appearance.

What Abnormal Results Mean

The significance of abnormal results will depend on the body region being examined and
the nature of the problem. Consult your health care provider with any questions and
concerns.

Risks

There are no documented risks. No ionizing radiation exposure is involved.

Considerations

Most ultrasound examinations are performed in the manner described. However, certain
circumstances require that the ultrasound probe be inserted into the body, rather than
simply passing it over the skin. Consult your health care provider to determine the
specifics of your test.

Alternative Names

Sonogram