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REPORTEDSPEECH

REPORTED(=INDIRECT)SPEECH
Isthereportingverbinthepastform(said,told,...)youhavetochangethetense.
(StehtdasreportingverbinderMitvergangenheit(said,told,...)ndertsichdieZeitform.)

Directspeech
Presentsimple
Presentprogressive
Pastsimple
Pastprogressive
Presentperfectsimple
Presentperfectprogr.
Future

Indirectspeech
DirectSpeech
Pastsimple
go
Pastprogressive
am/is/aregoing
Pastperfect
went
Pastperfectprogressive was/weregoing
Pastperfect
has/havegone
Pastperfectprogressive has/havebeengoing
ConditionalI
willgo

Indirectspeech
went
was/weregoing
hadgone
hadbeengoing
hadgone
hadbeengoing
wouldgo

Example:Petersaid:"Carolisanicegirl."Petersaid(that)Carolwasanicegirl.

Don'tchangetheseverbs:might,could,would,should
Examle:Hesaid:"Imightarrivelate."Hesaid(that)hemightarrivelate.

Youdon'tneedtochangethepresenttenseintothepasttenseeiftheinformationinthe
directspeechisstilltrueorageneralfact.
Example:Franksaid(that)hissisteris/wasasecretary.

Whenyouformthereportedspeechyouhavetopayattentionthatthepronounsreferto
thecorrectpersons.
(BeiderBildungderreportedspeechistdaraufzuachten,dasssichdieFrwrteraufdierichtigenPersonenbeziehen.)

Examples:

Susansaid:"Myparentsarecleverscientists."
Susansaid(that)herparentswerecleverscientists.

Tomsaid:"IlikePEbest."
Tomsaid(that)helikedPEbest.

Theysaid:"Wewentswimmingwithourfriends."
Theysaid(that)theyhadgoneswimmingwiththeirfriend.

Bettysaid:"Samtoldmethetruth."
Bettysaid(that)Samhadtoldherthetruth.

Shesaid
Hesaid
Theysaid

Directspeech
Imyme
Imyme
weourus

Indirectspeech
sheherher
hehishim
theytheirthem

Youandyour:

Theytoldher/him/me/them/us:"Georgelikesyou."
Theytoldher/him/me/them/us(that)Georgelikedher/him/me/them/us.

Theytoldher/him/me/them/us:"Georgelikesyoursister."
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Theytoldher/him/me/them/us(that)Georgelikesher/his/my/their/oursister.

Theytoldher/him/me/them/us:"Youareclever."
Theytoldher/him/me/them/us(that)she/he/I/they/wewas/wereclever.

Expressionsoftimeandplacewehavetochangethem.
(ZeitundOrtsangabenndernsichebenfalls.)

Directspeech
now
today
yesterday
tomorrow
lastweek,month,...
nextweek,month,...
a(week,...)ago
here
this
these

Time

Place

Indirectspeech
then
thatday
thedaybefore
thenext/followingday
thepreviousweek,month,.../theweek,month,...before
thefollowingweek,month,...
a(week,...)before
there
that
those

Examle:Shesaid:"IhavealreadyseenCaroltoday."
Shesaid(that)shehadalreadyseenCarolthatday.

ReportedQuestions

Ifthereisaquestionwordwekeepit.

Examples:

Theyaskedme:"Whereisthenextsupermarket?"
Theyaskedmewherethenextsupermarketwas.
Sheaskedthem:"Howoftendoyouplaygolf?"
Sheaskedthemhowoftentheyplayedgolf.

Ifthereisnoquestionwordwestartthereportedspeechwithiforwhether

Examples:

Sheaskedme:"Doyoulikesometea?"
Sheaskedmeif/whetherIlikedsometea.
Weaskedthem:"Didshearriveintime?"
Weaskedthemif/whethershehadarrivedintime.

ReportedRequests

Ifsomeoneasksyouinapolitewayuse(not)to+infinitive

Examples:

Heaskedher:"Couldyouclosethedoor,please?"
Heaskedhertoclosethedoor.
Sheaskedthem:"Helpme,please."
Sheaskedthemtohelpher.

ReportedOrders

Ifsomeonedoesn'taskyoupolitelyorgivesyouanorderuse(not)to+infinitive
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Examles:

Hetoldme:"Bequiet!"
Hetoldmetobequiet.
Shetoldus:"Don'tstayuptoolate!"
Shetoldusnottostayuptoolate.

BACKTOGRAMMAREXPLANATIONS
Statements
Mixed

Exercise1
Exercise6

Exercise2
Exercise7

Exercise3

Exercise4

Exercise5

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