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Modular UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)

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Modular UPS architecture (or topology) is a method designed to reduce cost and give UPS users flexibility in system configuration and
Subject

use. Modular UPS systems consists of fixed control and power switching modules. The battery storage element is modularized.
Typical systems are designed to fit into one rack. Larger UPS system designed for large IT installations span multiple racks and
consists of dozens to hundreds of modules. Battery storage modules are configured from one to as many as ten modules in typical

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medium size UPS system. Each battery module gives a fixed power storage capacity. Gamatronics Mega V2 Modular UPS system,
is configured in one to twenty (20) battery modules. This gives the system a power capacity range of 25 kVA to 500 kVA (i.e. kW).

Key Architectural Features:

Modular UPS architecture is made up of two main components:
control and connectivity sub-system, and a modular storage
sub-system. The control and connectivity sub-system is
standard and serves the same function in most UPS products.
The modular storage sub-system, is unique in the ability to
assemble (or install) as many battery storage modules as
needed (determined by the power capacity in use). In most
systems, maximum number of modules is ten to twenty. Very

Type the characters that

appear
above:

large systems, or systems which can be connected together, the

number of modules can run in the hundreds.
Design and operational features:
Modular UPS systems uses simple architecture to reduce cost
and enhance operational flexibility. UPS users starting out, can

Send

design a minimal system with simple expansion capability.

Installations with a single system enjoy the ability to expand the
UPS capacity in small increments, therefore reducing initial cost. Incremental expansion also enable the operators to test system
capacity.
In installations where multiple UPS systems are used, modular configuration can be shared among different systems. Here each
system can be expanded or reduced in capacity as needed. Spare battery modules are shared among systems, reducing operational
costs and increasing backup resiliency. Finally, modular systems enable quick operational configuration changes as needed.
Configuration and operation benefits:
Modular UPS products have exceptional benefits in configuration and operation. Configuring a modular UPS system at the initial
installation, gives an IT manager the ability to buy and install a small capacity system without giving up on expansion in the future. A
small system not only gives a new installation cost saving advantage, it also makes for a simple qualification and operational testing. If
the UPS system is new to the installation, users can test its usefulness, qualify its capabilities, and assure the system is correctly
installed for the desired backup function. If the UPS system is a new model or represent a change in supplier, the initial cost is low and
so is the initial resource allocation (space, installation manpower, and qualification time and cost.)

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Gamatronic - Modular UPS Systems

In the operational realm, a small configuration system is useful in testing the effectiveness and overall operational capabilities of the
UPS. Effectiveness testing may take time and put some operational systems at risk of crashing or at least interrupting regular
operation. With a small system, this can be done on a non-business critical function or at off-peak hours (i.e. weekend or system
backup period). In critical business operations, UPS qualification, testing and configuration, post installation, is a critical IT
maintenance task. A small modular UPS system gives IT operators the ability to test a small system on any sub-system or none
business-critical component of a large operation (i.e. a redundant server or storage component). By using the UPS this way the first
few times, IT staff can characterize a power backup operation and become familiar with its capabilities. If testing and configuration
beyond installation needs to be performed on multiple systems, one modular UPS sub-system can serve multiple tests, time and time
again. This makes for a more effective, economic, and functional installation of the UPS.

Convenience and effectiveness in large multi-UPS installations:

In todays fiercely competitive IT service delivery landscape,
UPS use is a critical element is a managers tool box. It gives IT
departments, even whole companies, a competitive edge that
can not be over emphasized. IT services organizations, rely on
UPS sub-systems to give customers a transparent ever present
compute and networking service. Therefore, many mission
critical operations install UPS systems on all their critical
servers, storage, data center and networking equipment. This
usually means configuration of multiple UPS sub-systems of
different size. Here, modular UPS systems are extremely useful.
By standardizing on one type of system (the same product
model for the whole installation), IT operators can configure
power capacity needs on the fly. Operators can change power
configurations on each system instance at any time, move
battery modules and test their effectiveness with capacity
change, and keep a small set of spare power modules for all the UPS systems (instead of multiple / different spares). In case of
disaster or failure of a UPS system, operators can swap battery and controller modules as needed assuring that key operational
features are always have protectionfrom power failure (prioritize network service over storage, etc.) This makes for an additional level
of operational integrity. It gives IT staff and management flexibility and capability available to every other component in an IT services
installation. Now, UPS and power management is as manageable as virtual processors, virtual storage and hot swappable networking
equipment. This should be good news to any organization and music to the IT operators ears.
Modular UPS -The Benefits of Modularity
The modular UPS first entered the market approximately a decade ago. One may ask, why only then? What aroused consumers initial
objections? And finally for what reasons are these systems highly acclaimed for today? This article attempts to shed light on these
issues from commercial and technical aspects.

The History of Modular UPS

The modular UPS did not spring out of thin air; it was enabled by technological advancements. The three phase UPS which was
prevalent in the 90s was mainly based on: 6 or 12 pulse rectifiers with thyristors, PWM inverters with IGBT components (fast high
performance power transistors) and output transformers, necessary for the inverter technology.
The rectifier included big chokes for the purpose of improving performance. These chokes and transformers outlined the measure and
weight of the systems. The transformer-less technology and shift to rectifiers with PFC technology, allowed the systems to be
dramatically smaller. The use of advanced technology assisted in the creation of a three phase UPS with the output power of 10,000
VA that weighed 9 Kg only. Compare this UPS to the previous ones that weighed over 100 Kg, this was a remarkable advancement.
Several UPS manufacturers throughout the world realized the potential and immediately began to implement the new technologies.
They did not rest with upgrading the existing systems, but rather opted for further advancement building a brand new modular
system.

Resistance to modularity?
One can understand customers initial hesitation towards modular technology raised from the fears of transformer-less technology. For
years UPS systems were based on inverter with transformer, suddenly consumers were told that the new system which comprised of
transformer-less inverter would work even better than before. Today this might sound odd, but at the time, most electrical consultants
would testify that the system was better with a transformer. Among other things they claimed that the advantages of a transformerbased UPS are that the load (output current) is completely separated from the utility power (input current) by a method known as
galvanic isolation. It also completely eliminates all direct current to the load which can be harmful to it.

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Gamatronic - Modular UPS Systems

Benefits of the Modular UPS

Manufacturers invested a lot of effort to show case the positive aspects of the product. These include:
Reliability: Reliability is one of the most crucial demands from the UPS. Even clients who want to save money and are prepared
to settle for a third grade system, will still search for the promise of as high a MTBF as they can find. What is reliability when it
comes to the UPS? Continuous provision of power to the load. the objective is to keep the system running on inverter even in
case of a fault. without transferring to bypass like it would in a common system.
Size and Weight: As far as weight and size are concerned, there is a big advantage to a system without transformers and
power chokes. The smaller and lighter the system the cheaper the shipment and storage are. Furthermore, if the client is interested
in a redundant UPS, a modular system with one extra module will be at least twice as small as two regular parallel redundant UPS
systems.
Efficiency: Since modular systems are inevitably without transformers, one can reach the highest efficiency possible up to
96%.
Repair time and spare parts: The common consensus is that technicians prefer to work with systems that are made up of
modules. Most repairs can be done by replacing the module. When it comes to modular systems the MTTR is low, spare parts are
available and similar in different systems. These advantages are very meaningful to distributors.

In Conclusion
Even though much more can be said on this topic, the emphasize here is clear: Modular UPS systems have many benefits over the
standard ones, starting from the basics regarding reliability and efficiency and up to the benefits of size and weight.
(Contribution of Leon Vak & Omer Halivni)

Modular UPS Systems

Modular UPS systems are designed to provide stable and accurate voltage to systems whose operation are critical and are
dependable on such a reliable supply. The UPS system requirements focus on many parameters and in every situation reliable supply
remains the ultimate requirement.

This requirement means UPS systems must also have the following structured requirements:
1. Performance: The ability to provide stable supplies despite possible changes in the electric grid caused by problems of voltage,
frequency and waveform characterized by networks and complex power lines, and of course providing the steady energy required
to supply in all load conditions including power over surge, surge power fluctuations and the absence of grid power supply from
independent batteries during disaster recovery. Performance has minimum specification requirements including demands arising
from the quality of system, such as: efficiency, floor space, volume, weight, and acoustic noise. Among other performance gains
its possible to point achievement to the power densitythat enables receiving high powerin small floor space. And all this at a low
weight which allows M_kVA250 supply system on regular flooring due to the small load is made possible by advanced
technology.The technology achievementsare reflectedin software, hardware,heat transfer,mechanicalpackagingand of
courseniceandeasy access and high-levelHumanEngineering.The system containsparallelmodulesthat allowthe power
distribution ofcurrentflow according to the number of modulesat the entrance,exitandbattery loading, so there is an
equalloading on eachmodule.Entrysystem contains aCharger providerwiththe abilitytoreceive
asinusoidalstreamandphasewith thegrid voltagewhich allowsreceivingPF-1and especially low THDharmonic
distortions.Inputstreamisminimalone-PF whichallowsloweringentrancecablesandreducingfeed stocksupply.Portsystem is
asinusoidalvoltageand thesystem allowsthe loading ofnon-linearloadwithFCas high assix.
2. Reliability and availabilityof power supplythe demandfor whichhas grownto require the availability ofsixnines that
is0.999999. Reliability is required despite the dynamics resulting from the networks and frequently changing loads and sometimes
unpredictable behavior. The Highest reliability is used inDouble Conversion True Online work meaning batteries that are
connected to the regular exit and input converter with no transition downtime during power outages.
3. Green energyreceivedbyhigh efficiencymeansimproved technologyand precise
planning.CurrentefficiencyUPSsystemsnow exceed the96%which meansonly 4%
oflosses,versuspreviousgenerationsystemswhose efficiencywas around90-92%.
4. Redundancy:Redundancyis requiredfrom yourUPSunitso that a single faultwillallowworkto continuewithout a
hitch.Redundancyis possiblebyparallelsystemswork.

Modular UPS system advantages are immediate parameters:

1. Cangrow withpoweras requiredand as a resultminimalexpenseof purchase.Of coursethis is asavings ofworking hoursand
physical laborrequiredand upgrading the device.
2. Possibility toreplacea faultymoduleduring hitch APC.Compared withnormal systemrepairwhichrequiresdisablingaswhen
replacinga module,the system continuesto functionwithoutdisablingatall.
3. Opportunity to receiveredundancyin a simple andimmediatemannerasany failurebyone of theN?Modulesstillallows regular

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Gamatronic - Modular UPS Systems

supplyload.Work method andN+ allowsa dramaticincrease inreliabilitysince itallowsanadditionalmoduleerrorbefore the
system collapses.
4. Workonincreasing the energy efficiency(forincreasedsystemefficiencymaximumloadwhileworking
withnormalredundancysystem whereeach systemloadis50%at maximumefficiencyand withlittlesupply wastage).
5. Elegance-a more modern and elegant modular system,flexibleoperationand of courseallthe important parameters.The
systemis equipped withadvanced control and managementpanels.

Modular UPS System Characteristics (Mega V2):

Topology

True on-line operation, double conversion, VFI

Construction

Modular, parallel hot-swapped modules

INPUT
Voltage

3 X 400 Vac + N

Voltage range

-20 % and +15 %

Current

342 A per module no inrush current at startup

Frequency

4763 Hz

Power walk-in

>60 sec

Power factor

0.99

THDI

OUTPUT
Rated power

25 kVA / 25 kW to 500 kVA / 500kW

Frequency (in free-running mode)

50/60 Hz 0.1 %

Frequency tracking range

0.5 Hz, 1 Hz, 2 Hz, 3 Hz (selectable)

Slew rate

1 Hz / sec

Voltage

3400 Vac + N

Static regulation

1 %

Regulation for unbalanced load

1 % for 100 % unbalanced load

Dynamic response to 100% load step

2 %

Overload

110 %: 10 minutes, 125 %: 60 seconds, 1000 %: 1 cycle

Waveform

Sinusoidal

THD

Load CF (max)

6:1

Ac-Ac efficiency (nominal)

Up to 96 % at full load

Dc-Ac efficiency (nominal)

Up to 98 % at full load

BATTERIES
DC-link voltage

320 Vdc to 405 Vdc

Quantity per set

60 x 12 V

Type

Sealed, lead acid, rechargeable

DISPLAY
Monitor

TFT LCD 7 color monitor with touch screen

GENERAL
Maximum power dissipation (Po=25kW)

N*1041 W (N*3552 BTU)

Ambient temperature

-10oC to +40oC (operating); -20oC to +60oC (storage)

Relative humidity

95 % max (non-condensing)

Altitude

1500 m without derating

Enclosure

IP20

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Gamatronic - Modular UPS Systems

Cooling system

Forced air (multi-fan with speed control)

STANDARDS
Safety

IEC 62040-1

EMC

IEC 62040-2

Design

IEC 62040-3

Low freq. magnetic field radiation

EMF as per ICNIRP

ModularUPSSystems Comparison:
SYSTEM WEIGHT AND DIMENSIONS

Modular UPS System Mega V2 125

System dimensions (mm)

1270 (H) x 670 (W) x 655 (D)

UPS capacity (kW)

25

50

75

100

125

UPS weight (kg)

147

180

213

246

279

SYSTEM WEIGHT AND DIMENSIONS

Modular UPS System Mega V2 250

System dimensions (mm)

1970 (H) x 670 (W) x 655 (D)

UPS capacity (kW)

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

UPS weight (kg)

190

223

256

289

322

355

388

421

454

487

SYSTEM WEIGHT AND DIMENSIONS

Modular UPS System Mega V2 500

System dimensions (mm)

1970 (H) x 2200 (W) x 655 (D)

UPS capacity (kW)

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

UPS weight (kg)

630

665

700

735

770

805

840

UPS capacity (kW)

350

375

400

425

450

475

500

UPS capacity (kW)

980

1015

1050

1085

1120

1155

1190

MODULE WEIGHT AND DIMENSIONS

Weight

33 kg

Capacity

25 kVA / 25 kW

Height

135 mm

Width (not including connectors)

455 mm

Width (including connectors)

535 mm

Depth

655 mm

Gamatronic is the leading company in Israel for UPS products. The companys UPS systems are known for their outstanding quality
and they provide uninterruptible power supply to defense industries, IT centers, hospitals and companies all over the world.
Gamatronic specializes in modular ups and is also known for its military UPS and marine UPS. Gamatronic offers a wide range of
uninterruptible power supply systems including online double conversion UPS and three phase UPS. Gamatronics efficient
uninterrupted power supply solutions will guarantee your peace of mind!

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