SIMPLE PRESENT (AFFIRMATIVE): We use simple present to describe habitual actions (frequency) and facts.

IMPORTANT RULE!!!! ADD S or ES TO THE VERB FOR THIRD PERSON SINGULAR.

THIRD PERSON SINGULAR = HE,

SHE, IT

SUBJECT OR PRONOUN SUBJECT

I
HE
THEY

VERB
PLAY
PLAY
PLAY

Soccer on Saturdays.

SIMPLE PRESENT INTERROGATIVE:

IMPORTANT RULE: ALWAYS USE AN AUXILIARY TO CREATE QUESTIONS. THE VERB STAYS IN ITS ORIGINAL FORM
DOES: USE THIS AUXILIARY WITH THIRD PERSON SINGULAR
DO: USE THIS AUXILIARY WITH I, YOU, WE and THEY.

DO NOT USE AN AUXILIARY WHEN VERB BE IS USED.

AUXILIARY
DO
DOES
DOES

SUBJECT
I
HE
SHE

VERB
PLAY
PLAY
PLAY

Soccer on Saturdays?

SIMPLE PRESENT NEGATIVE

IMPORTANT RULE: ALWAYS USE AN AUXILIARY TO CREATE QUESTIONS. THE VERB STAYS IN ITS ORIGINAL FORM
DOES: USE THIS AUXILIARY WITH THIRD PERSON SINGULAR
DO: USE THIS AUXILIARY WITH I, YOU, WE and THEY.
SUBJECT OR PRONOUN
SUBJECT
SHE
WE
HE

AUXILIARY + NOT

VERB

DOESNT
DOESNT
DOESNT

WALK
WALK
WALK

To school every day.

Do not use an auxiliary when VERB BE is used in simple present

HE
IS
HE

IS
HE
IS NOT

A DOCTOR.
A DOCTOR?
A DOCTOR.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (AFFIRMATIVE) WE USE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TO TALK ABOUT THINGS THAT ARE
HAPPENING NOW. RIGHT
SUBJECT or PRONOUN
SUBJECT
RENATO

NOW!!!!
VERB BE

MAIN VERB +ING

IS

STUDYING

ENGLISH

THEY
WE

ARE
ARE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (INTERROGATIVE)

VERB BE
SUBJECT or PRONOUN
SUBJECT
IS
HE
ARE
YOU
IS
SHE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (NEGATIVE)

SUBJECT or PRONOUN
VERB BE + NOT
SUBJECT
I
AM NOT
SHE
ISNT
HE
ISNT

STUDYING
STUDYING

MAIN VERB +ING

STUDYING
STUDYING
STUDYING

MAIN VERB +ING

STUDYING
STUDYING
STUDYING

Subject
Juan
They

Simple Past Tense (statement)Do not use an auxiliary

Verb
complement
Went
To the movies yesterday
played
Tennis together.

Auxiliary
Did

Simple present (Interrogative)

Subject
Verb
Juan
Go

Subject
Juan

Simple past (Negative) Use an auxiliary

Auxiliary + NOT
Verb
Did not
Go

Regular Verbs (The past is formed adding ED or D)

PRESENT

PAST

Learn
Arrive
Play
Ask
Travel
Want
Need
Help

Learned
Arrived
Played
Asked
Traveled
Wanted
Needed
Helped

PRESENT PERFECT

Use an auxiliary
Complement
To the movies yesterday?

complement
To the movies yesterday

Irregular Verbs (you must memorize them or just practice

a lot)
PRESENT
PAST
See
Eat
Drink
Go
Send
Give
Take
Fall
Have

Saw
Ate
Drank
Went
Sent
Gave
Took
Fell
Had

Present Perfect
Use the present perfect to talk about an
indefinite time in the past.
Subject
Have/has Past
complem
Participle ent
I
Bill
have
met
twice.

Past Tense
Use simple past tense to talk about a definite
or specific time.
Subject or
Verb (past
complement
tense)
pronoun
subject
I
Bill last
met
night.

(Indefinite time)
(specific time)

I
YOU
THEY
WE
HE
SHE
IT

Statement
Subject
You

HAVE
These 3 are third
person singular

Have/has
have

Past Participle
spoken

HAS

Complement
To Maria three
times.

She

has

Negative
Subject
You
She

Spoken

Have/has + NOT
Have not = havent
Has not = hasnt

Interrogative (questions)
Have/has
Subject
Have
You
Has
She

To Maria three
times.
Past Participle
Spoken
Spoken

Complement
To Maria.
To Maria.

Past Participle
Spoken
Spoken

Complement
To Maria?
To Maria?

Future using WILL

AFFIRMATIVE: Use auxiliary WILL. Verbs will stay in their BASE FORM.
SUBJECT or PRONOUN
SUBJECT

WILL

VERB

COMPLEMENT

WILL + NOT

VERB

COMPLEMENT

SUBJECT or PRONOUN
SUBJECT

VERB

COMPLEMENT

NEGATIVE
SUBJECT or PRONOUN
SUBJECT

INTERROGATIVE
WILL

COMPARATIVES
Add er when the adjective is not long.

Use more

..than when the adjective is Long.

EQUATIVE or differentiate

SUPERLATIVE
Subject

Verb

Tom
cruise

is

Adjective +
er
shorter

tha
n
tha
n

complem
ent
His wife

THE MAN ON THE LEFT IS

AS TALL ASTHE MAN ON
THE RIGHT.

Correct: Tom Cruise is shorter than his wife.

Incorrect: Tom cruise is (more short) than his
wife.
His wife is tallER than him

CORRECT: She is taller than him.

INCORRECT: She is (more tall) than him.

The man in the center of the picture is

the shortest.

The man on the left is not

as short as the man on
the right.

The man with the brown jacket is the tallest.

Short Adjectives
Tall
Short
Fat
Easy

Taller
Shorter
Fatter
Easier

Long Adjectives
Difficult
Intelligent
Subject
Tom cruise
Tom

More difficult
More intelligent
Verb
Adjective + er
is
shorter
Is
More intelligent

than
than
Than

complement
His wife
His wife

Short
Adjectives

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

EQUATIVE

Short
Easy

Juan is shorter than Helena.

English is easier than math.

Juan is the shortest of the class.

English is the easiest subject in
3rd grade.
When the adjective is short we
add est to the adjective

Juan is not as short asHelena

English is not as easy as math.

When the adjective is short we

add erto the ending +than

There is no difference between

LONG and SHORT adjectives since
they stay in their BASE FORM

Long Adjectives

COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

EQUATIVE

Difficult

Math is more difficult than

English
Dogs are more intelligent
than cats
When the adjective is long
we use the word MORE
ADJECTIVE THAN for the
comparative

Math is the most difficult

subject in 3rd grade.
Dogs are the most
intelligent animals of all.
When the adjective is long
we use
THE MOST + ADJECTIVE to
express superlative (either
maximum or minimum)

English is not as difficult

asmath.
Cats are not as
intelligentasdogs

Intelligent

INFINITIVES OF PURPOSE
Verb BASE FORM
PLAY
RUN
READ
SPEAK
CUT

INFINITIVE
TO PLAY
TO RUN
TO READ
TO SPEAK
TO CUT

ACTION
I study
I come to San Martin
I exercise
I go to Mochoqueque

PURPOSE
To pass the exam.
To study English.
To be strong.
To buy vegetable.

PasT CONTINUOUS (AFFIRMATIVE) WE USE the PasT CONTINUOUS TO TALK ABOUT THINGS in progress THAT at a
specific time in the past.
SUBJECT or PRONOUN
VERB BE
MAIN VERB +ING
SUBJECT
Dario
was
talking
when the teacher ASKED
THEY
were
talking
Cesar to come to the board.
WE
were
talking
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (INTERROGATIVE)
VERB BE
SUBJECT or PRONOUN
SUBJECT
Was
HE
Were
YOU
Was
SHE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (NEGATIVE)

SUBJECT or PRONOUN
VERB BE + NOT
SUBJECT
I
was NOT
SHE
wasnt
HE
Wasnt

Juan read

While

While

The teacher was reading

MAIN VERB +ING

STUDYING
STUDYING
STUDYING

MAIN VERB +ING

STUDYING
STUDYING
STUDYING

when the teacher ASKED

Cesar to come to the

board

when the teacher ASKED

Cesar to come to the board.

The teacher was explaining the

class
Jefferson completed the
sentences