International Seminar on Joints

Oslo, April 20, 2005

EUROPEAN RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR THE DESIGN OF SIMPLE
JOINTS IN STEEL STRUCTURES
Assoc. Prof. J.P. JASPART
Lige University, Belgium

Simple joints in steel structures

Braced structure

Simple joints in steel structures

V0

M=0

Available design rules

Few design rules provided by Eurocode 3

Part 1-8

National design codes:

z
z
z
z

- UK : BS5950 and BCSA-SCI provisions

- NL : NEN 6770
- DE : Ringbuch
-

European recommendations

On the basis of:

z
z

Eurocode 3 Part 1-8

Available European design codes and others

ECCS European recommendations

European Convention for Constructional
Steelwork

Different joint configurations

Single-sided beam-to-column joints

Minor axis joint

Major axis joint

Different joint configurations

Double-sided beam-to-column joints

Minor axis joint

Major axis joint

Different joint configurations

Beam-to-beam joints

Uncoped
supported beam

Single-coped
supported beam

Double-coped
supported beam

Different joint configurations

Beam splices

_
joint
position

_
_

_
_
+

Different types of profiles

Different connection types

Partial depth enplate connections

ACTUAL PINNED CONNECTIONS

Different connection types

Fin plate connections

ACTUAL PINNED CONNECTIONS

Different connection types

Web cleats connections

ACTUAL PINNED CONNECTIONS

Different connection types

But also flush endplate connections

USUALLY CONSIDERED AS ACTUAL PINNED CONNECTIONS

Classification and modelling

Actual pinned joints:

Sj.ini <<

Mj

Rigid

Semi-rigid

Pinned

Stiffness classification boundaries

Initial joint stiffness

Classification and modelling

Joints considered as pinned :

Mj

Rigid
Semi-rigid

Pinned

Stiffness classification boundaries

Initial joint stiffness

Sj.ini

Classification and modelling

As an alternative to semi-continuous
modelling, is it safe to design a joint as
pinned when it is known to exhibit a semirigid behaviour?
Semi-rigid

Sj.ini > 0,5EIb/Lb

Partial strength

Mj.Rd > 0,25 Mfull-strength

??

Nominally pinned

Sj.ini = 0

Nominally pinned

Mj.Rd = 0

Classification and modelling

Yes, it is as long as the joint possesses:

a sufficient rotation capacity

ability of the joint
to rotate
M
a sufficient ductility
actual yield criterion
MRd
ability of the joint
actual load path
to follow the actual
load path in a
assumed load path
ductile way
V
VRd

Design requirements

Simple modelling adopted

FRAME ANALYSIS

EUROPEAN
RECOMMENDATIONS

shear force VSd

shear resistance VRd

required rotation required

available rotation available

combined with ductility requirements

Extra design requirement

Sufficient tying resistance for robustness

Partial depth endplates

Constitutive components
bolts in shear
header plate in bearing
gross section of the header
plate in shear
net section of the header plate
in shear
shear block of the header plate
header plate in bending
beam web in shear
weld in shear
----------------column flange in bearing

Partial depth endplates

Rotation requirement
Bending
moment

Tension
forces in the
bolts
Bending
moment

Compression
force

Contact between
the supported beam
and the supporting
element

Rotation

available

Partial depth endplates

Rotation requirement
available

db hb

hp

hp < db

he

tp

available =

tp
he

Partial depth endplates

Ductility requirement
z

Avoid premature bolt failure

Avoid premature weld failure

under unavoidable joint bending moments

Partial depth endplates

Ductility requirement
z

Avoid premature bolt failure

d
2,8
tp

f yp

d
2,8
tp

f ycf

f ub
f ub

for the header plate

for a supporting column flange

d and fub : diameter and ultimate strength of the bolt

plate yields before bolt fails in tension

Partial depth endplates

Ductility requirement
z

Avoid premature weld failure

Full-strength welds required
beam web yields before welds

Partial depth endplates

Resistance requirement
z

Application of the component method to

derive VRd
derivation of the resistance
of all the components
assembly of the components

Partial depth endplates

Resistance requirement

Analytical evaluation of
the shear resistance VRd

Partial depth endplates

Bolts in shear
VRd 1 = 0,8 n Fv,Rd
with:

Fv ,Rd =

v f ub A
M2

A = As (shear trough the threated bolt portion)

v = 0,6 (4.6, 5.6 or 8.8 bolts)
= 0,5 (4.8, 5.8, 6.8, 10.9 bolts)
A = A (shear trough the unthreated bolt portion)
v = 0,6 (4.6, 5.6 or 8.8 bolts)
n = number of sheared bolts

reduction factor 0,8 because of bending effects

Partial depth endplates

Header plate in bearing

p 2'

e2S

p2 '

e1

e1

p1

p1

p1
e1

p1
e1
mp e2

p2 e2S

mp

e2

Partial depth endplates

Header plate in bearing

VRd 2 = n Fb,Rd
with:

Fb , Rd =

k1 b f up d t p

= min (

M2
e1
p
1 f
; 1 ; ub
3 d 0 3 d 0 4 f up

ou 1,0

p2
e2
k1 = min ( 2,8 1,7 ; 1,4 1,7 ; 2,5 )
d0
d0
d0 = bolt hole diameter

Partial depth endplates

Gross section of header plate in shear

p 2'

e2S

p2 '

e1

e1

p1

p1

p1
e1

p1
e1
mp e2

p2 e2S

mp

e2

Partial depth endplates

Gross section of header plate in shear

VRd 4 =

2 hp t p

f yp

1,27

3 M0

reduction factor 1,27 because of bending effects

Partial depth endplates

Net section of header plate in shear

p 2'

e2S

p2 '

e1

e1

p1

p1

p1
e1

p1
e1
mp e2

p2 e2S

mp

e2

Partial depth endplates

Net section of header plate in shear

VRd 5 = 2A v.net

with:

f up
3 M2
Av,net = tp ( hp n1 d0)

n1 = number of horizontal bolt rows

Partial depth endplates

Header plate in shear: shear block

p 2'

e2S

p2 '

e1

e1

p1

p1

p1
e1

p1
e1
mp e2

p2 e2S

mp

e2

Partial depth endplates

Header plate in shear: shear block

VRd 6 = 2 Feff,Rd

if hp < 1,36 p22 and n1 > 1 :

Feff,Rd = Feff , 2, Rd =

0,5

M2

Anv
1
+
f yp
M0
3

bending effects

else :
Feff,Rd = Feff ,1, Rd =

f up Ant

f up Ant

M2

Anv
1
+
f yp
M0
3
no bending effects

Partial depth endplates

Header plate in shear: shear block

P22

P22

e1
e2

no bending effects

bending effects

Ant = tp ( e2 0,5 d0 )
Anv = tp ( hp e1 (n1 0,5) d0 )

Partial depth endplates

Header plate in bending

p 2'

e2S

p2 '

e1

e1

p1

p1

p1
e1

p1
e1
mp e2

p2 e2S

mp

e2

Partial depth endplates

Header plate in bending

VRd 7 =
if hp 1,36 p22
else :

f yp
2 Wel
VRd 7 =
( p22 t w ) M
0
2
t p h p2
where: Wel =
6

Partial depth endplates

Beam web in shear

VRd 8 = tbw h p

f ybw

Partial depth endplates

Design shear resistance of the connection

Assembly of the components*:

VRd = min VRdi

i =1

* - component 3: supporting member in bearing

- full strength welds

Partial depth endplates

Resistance requirement

Analytical evaluation of
the tying resistance Nu

Partial depth endplates

Bolts in tension
Nu 1 = n Bt,u
with :

Bt,u = f ub As / u
As

Partial depth endplates

Header plate in bending

p 2'

e2S

p2 '

e1

e1

p1

p1

p1
e1

p1
e1
mp e2

p2 e2S

mp

e2

Partial depth endplates

Bolts in tension
Nu 2 = min ( Fhp,u,1 ; Fhp,u,2 )
with:

Fhp,u,1 =
Fhp,u,2 =

(8 n p 2 ew ) leff . p.t ,1 mu . p
2 m p n p ew ( m p + n p )

2 leff . p.t , 2 mu . p + n Bt .u n p
mp + np

where: np = min ( e2 ; 1,25 mp )

mu.p =

t 2p f up 4 u

leff.pt1 = leff.pt2 = hp

Partial depth endplates

Beam web in tension

Nu 4 = tw hp f ubw / u

Partial depth endplates

Tying resistance of the connection

Assembly of the components*:
4

N u = min N u i
i =1

* - component 3: supporting member in bending

- full strength welds

Partial depth endplates

Worked example

M20
HEA200

IPE300

International Seminar on Joints

Oslo, April 20, 2005

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION