BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR STRUCTURES & VOCABULARY

STUDY UNITS
Prof. Juan Gmo. Moya M.-2004

TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNIT 1.

TO BE ( Present, Past and Future)

The English Alphabet
The Phonetic Alphabet

UNIT 2

UNIT 3

UNIT 4

UNIT 5

UNIT 6

THERE TO BE (Present, Past and Future)

SOME NOT ANY NO ANY
VOCABULARY: NUMBERS ;PEOPLE
HAVE GOT / HAS GOT
ADJECTIVES
DEFINTE & INDEFINITE ARTICLES (I)
TELLING THE TIME
VOCABULARY: ADJECTIVES

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
ING (Gerunds)
TIME AND DATES
ORDINAL NUMBERS
QUESTION WORDS (1) (Describing
people and things)
VOCABULARY: NUMERALS TIME &
DATES;INFINITIVES & GERUNDS; WHWORDS (I)
SIMPLE PRESENT
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY.
QUESTION WORDS (II) (Asking for
Information).
ARTICLES II (General and Specific Nouns)
RELATIVE PRONOUNS: WHO & WHICH
VOCABULARY:TIME EXPRESSIONS
(I); WH-WORDS (II); CLOTHES
SIMPLE PAST
REGULAR & IRREGULAR VERBS
USED TO + INFINITIVE
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES &
PRONOUNS
SUBJECT & OBJECT PRONOUNS
VOCABULARY: REGULAR &
IRREGULAR VEBS; PROFESSIONS AND
OCCUPATIONS

What?, who?, how?, when?, why?, how

old? How long? What time?
This, That, These Those; A(n); the ; At, on,
in ; Until, for
Now, today; yesterday, the day before
yesterday; last week/last year/ last
Monday; tomorrow, the day after
tomorrow, next week; two days ago.
How much? How Many?
Much, many, little, few, a lot, lots of, very
little, very few
Uncountable nouns: money, sugar, milk,
water, work, etc.
Countable nouns: people, men,students,
books,etc.
oclock, quarter past/to, half past, minutes,
past/to0
In the morning/afternoon/evening; at night
Noon, midday, midnight
Now, at present, at the moment, at this
time, temporarily, for the time being.
How old? How tall? How far? How long?,
How high?, How fast?, How deep?, How
thick? How wide?, How big? What color?
What size?, What shape? What..... like?

Every day, every week, every month, etc.

Always, generally, usually, often,
sometimes, never, etc.
Once a day, twice a week, three times a
year, etc.
What?, Who?, Which? Why, Where?,
How? Whom? Whose?, How much?, How
many? How often?, How long?, What
time? What kind of? What sort of?, etc.
Last week, last month, last Monday, etc.
Two weeks ago, thirty minutes ago, etc.
Yesterday morning, yesterday evening, last
night, on the fifth of May, 1996, etc.
My, your, his her, its, our, your, their.
Mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs.
Me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them.

2
UNIT 7

PAST CONTINUOUS
IMPERATIVE FORM
ARTICLES III (Nationalities, professions,
titles & ranks; streets, cities, countries and
geographical names)
EXCLAMATORY FORM
VOCABULARY : THE HOUSE

UNIT 8

SIMPLE FUTURE (I) : WILL

SAY and TELL
RELATIVE PRONOUNS: WHO, WHOM,
WHOSE
SOMEBODY/SOMEONE, SOMETHING,
SOMEWHERE AND DERIVED WORDS
VOCABULARY : THE CITY

UNIT 9

UNIT 10

UNIT 11

SIMPLE FUTURE (II) :

AM/IS/ARE+GOING TO.......
IT TAKES..../IT TOOK..../ IT WLL
TAKE...... = DEMORAR
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
VOCABULARY : FOOD

SIMPLE FUTURE (III) : AM/IS/ARE+ING

MODAL VERBS : CAN, MUST, MAY,

SHOULD, OUGHT TO
HAVE TO = TENER QUE
VOCABULARY : PARTS OF THE
BODY; TIME EXPRESSIONS (II)

FUTURE CONTINUOUS
MAKING REQUESTS
ASKING FOR PERMISSION
OFFERING TO DO SOMETHING
INVITING OR SUGGESTING TO DO
SOMETHING TOGETHER
ALSO, TOO, AS WELL, SO;
NOT...EITHER, NEITHER/NOR
BUT
POSITION OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT
OBJECTS
VOCABULARY : OUR HEALTH

At that time, at 10:30 last night, etc., When

Peter arrived this morning, when they got
married, etc.
Open the door, please. Please, dont do
that.
An American, a Chilean, an Englishman,
etc.
A doctor, an engineer, a secretary, etc.
Mr Scott, Cpt. Jones, Dr. White, etc.
On Fifth Avenue, In Salt Lake City, In
Canada, in the USA, in North Caroline, in
the West Indies.
What a tall woman!, What beautiful
flowers! What nice people!
How tall she is! How quickly time passes!
John will come here tomorrow/ the day
after tomorrow/ next week/ next month/at
this time tomorrow/ at this time next year,
etc.
He said that he was tired.
He told me that he was tired.
Who is he? Whom did you see? Whose is
that car? Whose care is it? : The man with
whom Mary is working now, The man
whose car is parked outside.
Somebody/someone, something,
somewhere, not anybody/not anyone, not
anything, not anywhere, nobody/no one,
nothing, nowhere
John is going to come here tomorrow/ the
day after tomorrow/ next week/ etc.
It takes me 20 minutes to.....
How long does it take to....?
short shorter than- the shortest;
intelligent, more intelligent than, the most
intelligent;
as fast as.......;
good better - best, etc, ,
John is coming here tomorrow/ the day
after tomorrow, etc.
Bob can swim very well; Peter must be
here at 8:15 tomorrow; You may use the
phone now; They should t/ought to be
more careful of what they say.
I have to buy another dictionary. This one
is too old.
They will be working at this time
tomorrow/the day after tomorrow, etc.
Can/Will/ Could/ Would you open the door
please? Would you mind opening the door,
please?
Can I /May I/Do you mind if I open the
window?
Shall I/ Do you want me to/ Would you like
me to open the window?
Shall we/Would you like to/ Why dont we/
Lets go to a disco tonight; How about
going to a disco tonight?
The boy also likes speaks Italian; He
speaks Italian, too/as well; The boy speaks
Italian and so does the girl.
Peter doesnt like golf and I dont like it
either; Peter doesnt like golf and neither
do I.
The boy speaks Italian, but the girl doesn
t..
Bob sent some flowers to his girlfriend;

Unit 12

Bob sent his girlfriend some flowers; Bob

sent her some flowers.
I have seen that movie.
Mary hasnt finished type it yet.
Have they arrived already?
Just,before, lately, once, twice, three
times, never, already, not yet,
yet/already?, since, for, ever
Book/books; brush/brushes;
knife/knives; baby/babies; day/days;
etc.
Irregular plural forms.
Enjoy playing, keep talking, etc.
Go skiing, go shopping, etc.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

PLURALIZATION OF NOUNS
USE OF INFINITE AND GERUNDS (I)
VERB + GERUND
VOCABULARY : CONNECTORS

UNIT 13 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

USE OF INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS (II)

-VERB + TO-INFINITIVE
USE OF INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS (III)
-VERB + ING/TO-INFINITIVE
TAG ENDINGS
VOCABULARY: SPORTS AND
RECREATION
UNIT 14 PAST PERFECT TENSE
ADVERBS: FORMATION AND
COMPARISON
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
PAST TENSE OF GOING TO
VOCABULARY: NATURE

UNIT 15

PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS

PAST TENSE OF SHOULD/OUGHT TO
WOULD RATHER/ HAD BETTER
MODAL VERBS II :
COULD DO SOMETHING/COULD HAVE
DONE SOMETHING
MUST, CAN, MUST HAVE,/CANT HAVE DONE
SOMETHING
MAY, MIGHT, MAY HAVE/MIGHT HAVE
DONE SOMETHING

UNIT 16

UNIT 17

UNIT 18

VOCABULARY: THE WEATHER

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

SECUENCE OF VERB TENSES
THE PRESENT TENSE AFTER IF,WHEN,,
AS SOON AS, UNTIL, ETC.
USE OF ELSE, OR ELSE/ OTHERWISE
VOCABULARY:THE WORKSHOP
THE PASSIVE VOICE
BE SUPPOSED TO
VOCABULARY: THE ARMED FORCES
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER WISH
VERB + PRESENT OF SUBJUNCTIVE

I have been working all day

We want to go to the meeting.
He wants us to go too
I need to go to the doctor.
The floor needs cleaning
I like to play golf/playing golf
He works well, doesnt he?
They didnt come to the meeting, did they?
He had seen the film before.
The train had already left when he arrived.
Quickly, carefully, certainly, etc.
Fast, hard, early, late, soon
More quickly, more carefully, etc.
Sooner, harder, earlier, etc.
He cut himself; He himself did it; he lives
all by himself.
We were going to play football but it began
to rain.
He had been working all day.
He should have studied harder./ He ought
to have done it.
I would stay here. It too cold outside.
You had better take a taxi if you want to be
there before your train leaves.
We could go to the movie
We could have gone to the movie.
He must be very tired
He cant be hungry already
He must have gone home
He cant have done that alone.
It may/might be true.
You must have/might have left it in the
shop.
They will have finished the work by then
He says hes tired/He said he was tired.
If I see him tomorrow......
When I see her tomorrow.......
Do you need anything else?
Ill take a taxi, or else Ill miss my flight.
The book was published in 1998
The train is supposed to arrive at 9:45
If you study hard youll pass the course
If you studied harder youd get better
marks
If you had studied harder you would have
passed the course
I wish I could swim

UNIT 19

REPORTED SPEECH
- STATEMENTS
- QUESTIONS
- COMMANDS, ORDERS

I wish I had seen her

I wish it would stop snowing
I suggest that she wait a few minutes

HE SAID HE WANTED TO GO
HE TOLD ME THAT HE WANT TO GO
HE ASKED ME WHERE THEY WERE
HE TOLD ME TO SIT DOWN