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Child Psychology
CHILD PSYCHOLOGY
20
PSYCHOANALYTICAL THEORY
Importance
Psychodynamic theories
1.
Psychoanalytical/Psychosexual theory
Oedipus complex
Freud (1905)
2.
3.
01)
II.
Behavioral theories
1.
2.
3.
4.
(MAHE-2K)
Electra complex
Castration Anxiety
PEDODONTICS
Child Psychology
Birth
Is
Introduction
the
st
Oral stage
Anal stage
(birth to 1.5
(1.5 to 3
years)
years)
In
infants
Control
over
Urethral
Phallic
stage
(3 to 5 years)
It
is
experience to
oral cavity is
anal sphincter
transition
effect
site
results
between
personality
identifying
increased
anal
development
needs.
voluntary
phallic
Serves as a
activity
stage.
for
in
The
stage
begin during
rd
the 3 year of
and
th
year
Latency
Genital
(5 to 11
(11 to 13
years)
years)
Resolution of
Psychosexual
any
development
defects
occurs in this
extends from
phase.
11 13 yrs to
The
phase
ends
erogenous
21
in
puberty
zone
Abrupt
This
change
birth
Characteristics
at
results
Development
Child
Characterized
child gain a
Realize goals
dependent
is
of autonomy
derives
by
sense
for
stage
and
pleasure
complex &
initiative and
reproduction
independence
from
Electra
starts
and survival
complex
adapting
since
Oedipus
in
the infant in
physiological
dependent
exercising
emergency
on adult for
control over
adverse
reaction.
getting
urinary
environment
oral
his
needs
sphincter
fulfilled
Limitations
PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY
of
to
PEDODONTICS
Child Psychology
22
Dependency on mother
mother
mother
Enters
The
Negative
outcome:
inattentive
frightened
are
and shamed
(12-21 yrs)
child
impotencedoubt
Separation
of
mother
leaves
the
threatened
promise of a career.
with
autonomy,
increased
physical
idols
activities
Initiates motor and intellectual activities,
planning, and undertaking tasks.
technology
of
fundamentals
of
program
organized
developed
School
environment
Loves to work
PEDODONTICS
Child Psychology
the
next
generation.
Fruitful
parenting
Ego
integrity
is
the
ego's
accumulated
Despair
is
loss
of
hope
producing
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PEDODONTICS
Child Psychology
Age
(years)
Ericksons
Freuds Psychological
Psychological Stages
Stages
(Psychosocial)
(Psychosexual)
Developmental Characteristics
(significant relations)
Attachment
01
Oral phase
Mistrust
(Infancy)
Sensomotoric intelligence
Motor functions
Continuity of existence
Parents
Language development
23
Anal stage
and doubt
(early childhood)
Self control
Motor function
Play and imagination
Parents
Creativity
Self awareness
Phallic Stage
45
Moral development
Problem solving/activity
Gender identification
Play in groups
Parents and peers
Practical / Problem solving
6 12
Industry v/s
Latency Stage
Inferiority
Learning skills
Learning knowledge working together
Self evaluation family of origin / School
Peers, others
Self image / identity
Abilities / possibilities
Formal operational thought
13 18
Genital Stage
confusion
(teens)
19 25
26 50
Generativity v/s
Stagnation
Child rearing
Working situation involvements in society
Own family / colleagues / groups of interests
50 +
Reflection
Winding up
Own family
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PEDODONTICS
Child Psychology
COGNITIVE THEORY (KCET-99)
used
to
25
the
dental
teams
by
giving
dental
advantage
functional
observing
variants
Assimilation,
Piaget
describes
stages
in
cognitive
3.
development
1.
Reconstructs objects
Decline of egocentrism
Decline of animism
objects
Easy to treat
Objects
in
the
environment
are
4.
concepts
and
lack
of
language
& reasoning
capabilities.
treated as adult
By Ivan Pavlov
other
Learning by association
dog
how it solved
Characteristics
o
Three steps
Conditioning
Stimulus generalization
Extinction
Stimuli
1.
point of view.
2.
inanimate
3.
4.
Animism investing
PEDODONTICS
Child Psychology
5.
26
After extinction
Before conditioning
FIRST VISIT
White Coat
No Response
(Neutral stimulus)
(No response)
Conditioning process
Pain of Injection
(Unconditioned stimulus)
SECOND VISIT
Sight of White Coat
(Conditioned stimulus)
OPERANT CONDITIONING
After conditioning
Complicated theory
Extinction
Before extinction
Instrumental conditioning
2.
Extinction process
3.
Types
1.
Positive reinforcement
PEDODONTICS
Child Psychology
2.
3.
Negative reinforcement
after a response
an
unpleasant
stimulus
is
inferiority complexes.
Activity
the
child
likes
Negative reinforcers
Halting
have
everything
can
because
of
They
are
reality
respect
centered,
centered,
self
and
problem
others
of punishments
Physical restraints
principal elements
1.
HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
Abraham
Harold
Maslow
established
who
treatment
People
praise, smiling)
2.
Self actualization
Punishment
particular response
4.
27
occurring
2.
Consequent
determinant
persons
of individuals.
basic needs
3.
Self
actualization
an
automatic
process,
but
requires
cognitive factors
Self esteem
Social
Security
4.
Physiological needs
PEDODONTICS
Child Psychology
EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Distress or Cry
Anger
Extraction
Fear
Sound of drill
Anxiety
Phobia
Anxiety
ones environment
Child
mechanism
Fear
Positive approach
Team attitude
Organization
Truthfulness
AIPG-98, COMEDK-10)
Tolerance
Flexibility
Lampshires Classification
1.
Cooperative
liked,
2.
Tensely cooperative
3.
Outwardly apprehensive
4.
Fearful
fear
group
5.
Stubborn
pursuits).
6.
Hyper motive
7.
Handicapped
8.
Emotionally immature
competition,
and
fear
of
punishment
of
performance
pressures,
academic
(peer
(KCET-01, AIPG-03)
Subjective
fear
Fears
transmitted
to
28
Rating I
Definitely negative
experience).
--
2.
Rating II
Negative
PEDODONTICS
Child Psychology
3.
4.
Rating III
Positive
Rating IV
Definitely positive
++
Wilsons Classification
1.
Normal / Bold
2.
Timid
3.
Hysterical
4.
Nervous / Fearful
Wrights Classification
Cooperative behavior
Uncooperative behavior
Lacking
Hysterical
Cooperative
behavior
Defiant/obstinate behavior
Potentially cooperative
Tense cooperative
Timid / shy
Whining type
Stoic behavior
Childs behavior
-
Shy, submissive
Aggressive, demanding
Usually well behaved, shy, may
cry easily
Rejecting
Authoritarian
*****
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