Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Faculty of Nursing
University of Airlangga
Ageing Issues:
Cognitive and
Psychological Changes
Setho Hadisuyatmana, S.Kep.Ns
Preface
It is a common finding that as people age become
but it is pathological.
The most three disease of older is known as Three Ds
Learning Objectives
1. Describe prevalence of the Three Ds
2. Discussing the symptoms of the Three Ds
3. Identify the importance and components of mental
assessment
4. Discussing treatment option
5. Contrast criteria for differentiation among the Three
Ds
Delirium
Transient state of global cognitive impairment (APA,
awakening
Reduced consciousness, hours to less then one month
Diagnostic Criteria
Decreased ability to maintain attention to external
Causes
Not fully known, but believed to be (Balas et all, 2007) :
Previous brain pathology
Acute and chronic diseases
Cognitive impairment, alcoholism, burden co-
Treatment
Delirium is a temporary and reversible condition
medications, etc
Safe Environment
Fall prevention strategies
Warning System
Reduce the frightening activities
Depression
Usual Finding Loses of the older :
Family, Friends, and Spouses
Job and Financial Resources
Health alterations
Home or Housings
Depressive
Study Findings
Psychological changes occur
Older are susceptible to effect of altered
neurotransmissions
Coexisting medical conditions raised the probability of
depression in older
Chemical imbalances alteration of
Thus. . .
The DSM-IV criteria to diagnose the finding are used
concern
One of the way to assess clients condition is the use of
Suicide
High Risk Factors :
Living alone
Relocation from home to long time care institution
Widowhood
Medical Status of Chronic Illness
Nurses Awareness
The attempt is vocalized, such as: Lord, please take me! I
Worthlessness
80% older who committed suicide told to someone about it
Dementia
Although the decrease of brain weight and the
Common sense :
personality,
Poor judgment,
Changes in mood or
behavior,
Patients Difficulty
Aphasia : Unable to choose the right words to speak
Apraxia : Unable to perform a fine motor task
Agnosia : remembering
Intervention Consideration
Contd. . .
Maintain daily schedule. The alteration of daily routine