Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
INTRODUCTION
TABLE 1
LITHOLOGY OF THE AREA
Lithology
Thickness range(m)
Coal
2-3
Fine to coarse sandstone and
38-52
shale
Coal
4-4.5
Fine to medium sandstone with
4-6
shale bands
Coal
4-4.5
Fine to medium sandstone with
6-9
shale band
Coal
5-5.5
II. METHODOLOGY
Various samples of overburden, soil and fly ash from the
dump site were collected from coal mine for finding out
various geotechnical properties through the laboratory study.
Laboratory geotechnical investigation was carried out for
276
International Conference on Chemical, Civil and Environment engineering (ICCEE'2012) March 24-25, 2012 Dubai
1.75
1.74
1.73
Dry density(gm/cc)
1.72
1.71
1.70
1.69
1.68
1.67
The typical grain size distribution of the overburden and fly ash
is shown in Fig. 1. The particle size of the overburden ranges
between gravel, sand and silt. However, the grain size
distribution of fly ash and most of the fly ash corresponds to the
silt size. The specific gravity of the fly ash found to be very low
(average value of 2.15) in comparison to specific gravity of over
burden as 2.79. This low specific gravity of fly ash reduces the
total weight of the dumped slope and may help in increasing the
stability of the dumped slope.
1.66
1.65
7
10
11
12
13
14
15
Moisture content(%)
3.5
100
q (kg/cm2)
3.0
80
2.5
2.0
60
1.5
2.5
40
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
Flyash
Others: OB
20
4.0
0
0.01
3.0
p (kg/cm2)
0.1
10
100
3.5
Grain size(mm)
Fig. 1 Grain size distribution of typical overburden (OB) and fly ash
q (kg/cm2)
3.0
International Conference on Chemical, Civil and Environment engineering (ICCEE'2012) March 24-25, 2012 Dubai
design, assigning the material parameters, boundary conditions, properties of ash [5]. Overburden dump formed by mixing fly
loading and meshing. In the present analysis 15-node triangular ash is shown in Fig. 6.
element is considered for meshing which contains 12 stress
points. In PLAXIS, stresses and strains are calculated at
individual Gaussian integration points rather than at nodes. In
the calculation stage, analysis type is chosen such as Plastic,
dynamic, consolidation and phi-c reduction. The assigned loads
are activated in this stage and analyzed. In the post processing
stage, curves are plotted between various calculated parameters
such as load Vs displacement. In PLAXIS Phi-c reduction
method is used to compute factor of safety (FOS) for dump
slope stability.
The total multiplier Msf is used to define the value of the
dump material strength parameters at a given stage in the
analysis.
IV. CONCLUSION
Dump slope formed by mixing overburden with 25% fly
ash was found to be stable. However, it is suggested that top
soil should be protected against rainfall by taking measures
like plantation, geosynthetics, or jute/coir reinforcement. The
compaction control may be periodically checked for proper
compaction of overburden and fly ash mixture.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thanks are due to the officers of Jindal Power Limited,
Tamnar, Raigarh for providing necessary financial and logistic
support for carrying out this work, and also to the National
Institute of Technology, Rourkela for allowing to do this
scientific study. Thanks are also due to Anirudha and Dinesh
of NIT, Rourkela for their help in preparation of the
manuscript.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
In the both the cases factor of safety is more than 1.2. This
indicates that at the end the dump after dozing of top soil
satisfies the minimum requirement and can be used. Increase
in cohesion of the mixture due to self-cementing properties of
fly ash generated from the combustion of sub-bituminous
coal. In presence of water, the fly ash will harden and get
strength over time. Mixing overburden with fly ash improves
the mechanical strength of dump as fly ash absorbs the
moisture from clay as well as substantially increases the
strength of the resultant mixture due to the pozzolanic
[4]
[5]
278