ACHARYANAGARJUNAUNIVERSITY

NAGARJUNANAGAR522510
ANDHRAPRADESH,INDIA

SchemeofInstruction,ExaminationanddetailedSyllabi

of

ELECTRONICS&COMMUNICATIONENGINEERING

Inthespecializationof

COMMUNICATIONENGINEERING&SIGNALPROCESSING

2YearM.TechDegreeCourse
(SemesterSystem)

w.e.f.20112012

ACHARYANAGARJUNAUNIVERSITY::NAGARJUNANAGAR
REVISEDREGULATIONSFOR
TWOYEARM.TECH.DEGREECOURSE
(CREDITBASEDSYSTEM)

(Witheffectfromthebatchofstudentsadmittedduringtheacademicyear20112012).

1.

1.1

ELIGIBILITYFORADMISSION
The candidates, both nonsponsored and sponsored, for Admission into M.Tech
programmeshallhaveoneofthefollowingqualifications.

S.No. Programme
1
2

5
6
1.2

Qualifications
Bachelor Degree in Chemical Engineering / Chemical Technology /
Chemical
Biotechnology or its equivalent Degree recognized by Acharya
Engineering
NagarjunaUniversity.
Bachelor Degree in Civil Engineering or its equivalent Degree
CivilEngineering
recognizedbyAcharyaNagarjunaUniversity.
B.Tech/B.E Computer Science and Engineering/Information
Computer
Technology/M.C.A/M.Sc.
Computers/M.Sc.
Eletronics/M.Sc.
Scienceand
Mathematics or its equivalent Degree recognized by Acharya
Engineering
NagarjunaUniversity.
Bachelor Degree in Electrical & Electronics Engineering/Electrical
Electricaland
Engineering/ Electrical Power Engineering/ AMIE (Electrical
Electronics
Engineering) or its equivalent Degree recognized by Acharya
Engineering
NagarjunaUniversity.
Electronicsand Bachelor Degree in Electronics & Communication/ Electronic &
Communication Instrumentation Engineering/AMIE or its equivalent Degree
Engineering
recognizedbyAcharyaNagarjunaUniversity.
Mechanical
BachelorDegreeinMechanicalEngineeringoritsequivalentDegree
Engineering
recognizedbyAcharyaNagarjunaUniversity.

Admission of Nonsponsored category students: Admission of nonsponsored category

students is made on the basis of GATE/PGECET rank. When GATE/PGECET qualified
candidates are not available, admission will be on the basis of merit in the qualifying
examination. Students with or without GATE/PGECET rank should have obtained a
minimumof50%marksinthequalifyingexaminationtobecomeeligibleforadmission.

Reservation of seats to the candidates belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled

Tribes is as prescribed by the State Govt./University from time to time. If suitable
candidatesarenotavailabletofillalltheseatsreservedforS.Tcategory,theyshallbe
filledbystudentsS.C.Categoryandviceversa.
If suitable candidates are not available for reserved seats, they shall be filled by the
generalcategorycandidates.
2


1.3

AdmissionofSponsoredCategorystudents:Sponsoredcategorystudentsshouldhaveat
least50%marksinthequalifyingexaminationtobecomeeligibleforadmissiontothe
Post Graduate Programme. Preference will be given to those candidates who are
GATE/PGECETqualified.

The candidates must have a minimum of two years of full time work experience in a
registered firm / company/ industry / educational and research institutions / any
governmentdepartmentorgovernmentautonomousorganizationsintherelevantfield
inwhichtheadmissionisbeingsought.

A letter from the employer must be furnished stating that the candidate is being
sponsoredtogetadmission.Theemployershouldalsoindicatethatthecandidatewill
not be withdrawn midway till the completion of course. The rule of reservation shall
notapplytotheadmissionofsponsoredcategorystudents.

1.4

The total number of full time candidates admitted into a course with or without
GATE/PGECETrankshouldnotexceedthesanctionedstrength.

2.0 MEADIUMOFINSTRUCTION,DURATIONANDSTRUCTURE

2.1. ThemediumofinstructionshallbeinEnglish.
2.2. The minimum and maximum period for completion of the P.G. Programme is 4
Semestersand8Semestersrespectivelyforfulltimestudents.
2.3. EachSemestershallnormallyspreadoversixteenweeks.
(a)TheProgrammemayconsistof
i.
CoreCourses
ii.
ElectiveCourses
iii.
Seminars
iv.
ProjectWork

(b) The structure of the Programme comprises of two semesters of course work
consistingof6Coresubjects+6Electivesubjectsplus(3Labs+1Seminar)or(2Labs
+2Seminar)followedbytwosemestersofProjectwork.Inthethirdsemesterthe
studentshouldgiveaprojectseminar.Attheendoffourthsemesterthestudents
shouldsubmitProjectThesis.
2.4. Project work shall be carried out under the Supervision of a Faculty Member in the
concerneddepartment.
2.5. A candidate may, however, in certain cases, be permitted to work on his
Project/Dissertation at the place of employment, any recognized Institution/R&D
Organization/IndustrywiththeapprovaloftheHeadoftheDepartmentconcernedand
HeadoftheOrganization.Insuchcases,theProjectWorkshallbejointlysupervisedby
a member of the faculty and a person from the Organization holding a minimum of
P.G.Degreeintheconcernedareaofspecialization.
3

2.6.

2.7.
2.8.

Five copies of the Project Report certified by the Supervisor(s) and the Head of the
DepartmentconcernedshallbesubmittedwithinoneCalendarYearaftercompletion
ofthesecondsemester.
The student is eligible for the submission of M.Tech. Project Report at the end of
fourthsemesterifhe/shepassedallthecourseworkinthefirst&secondsemesters.
Inaspecialcase,ifanycandidateunablesubmithis/herProjectReportattheendof
fourth semester due to ill health or any other reason permitted by the head of the
institution, he/she will be allowed submit at a latter date.and the vivavoce
examinationwillbeconductedseparately.

3.0.ATTENDANCE

3.1
3.2.

3.3.

3.4.

Thecandidateshallputupaminimumof75%attendanceineachsubject.

Condonationofshortageinattendanceupto10%inanysubjectmaybecondonedby
the University on the recommendations of the Principal of the concerned College for
reasonsofillhealthandtheapplicationissubmittedatthetimeofactualillnessandis
supported by a certificate from the authorized Medical Officer approved by the
Principal.

Ifthecandidatedoesnotsatisfytheattendancerequirementinanysubjectheorshe
shallnotbepermittedtoappearfortheUniversityexaminationinthatsubjectandhas
torepeatthatsubjectwhennextofferedorstudyanyotherspecifiedsubjectasmaybe
required.Incaseofrepetitionthenewinternalmarksbetakenintoaccount.

FailureinsecuringminimumprescribedattendanceinanysubjectofpreviousSemester
(s)isnobarforenrollmenttothenextsemester.

4.0.EVALUATION

4.1
The performance of the candidate in each semester shall be evaluated subject wise.
The maximum marks for each subject, seminar etc, will be as prescribed in the
curriculum.TheInternalEvaluationforTheorysubjectsshallbebasedonthebestofthe
performancesinthetwomidtermexaminationsoneheldinthemiddleofthesemester
and another held immediately after the completion of the instruction. The internal
evaluationforpracticalsubjectsisbasedonthedaytodayperformanceandsemester
endinternalpracticalExamination.

4.2
The marks for Seminar will be awarded by internal evaluation made by two staff
membersofthefacultyofthedepartmentconcerned.
4.3
FortakingtheUniversityexaminationinanytheoryorpracticalsubject,candidatesshall
be required to obtain a minimum of 50% marks in Internal evaluation in that subject
failingwhichhe/sheshallberequiredtorepeatthecourseinthatsubjectwhennext
offeredorstudyanyotherspecifiedsubjectasmayberequired.Incaseofrepetition
thenewinternalmarkswillbetakenintoaccount.

4.4
4.5

4.6

Acandidateshallbedeemedtohavesecuredtheminimumacademicrequirementina
subjectifheorshesecuresaminimumof50%marksininternalevaluation.
In case the candidate does not secure the minimum academic requirement in any
subject he/she has to reappear in the University examination in that subject or any
equivalentsubjectprescribed
Failure to attain the minimum academic requirement in any subject of previous
semester(s)isnobarforenrollmenttothenextsemester.

4.7 TheperformanceofthestudentsineachsemestershallbeevaluatedsubjectwiseThe
distribution of marks between sessional work (based on internal assessment) and
UniversityExaminationwillbeasfollows:

Sessional
Marks
30
30
100
50

Natureofthesubject
Theorysubjects
Practicals
Seminar
Projectwork

University
Exam.Marks
70
70

150(Vivavoce)

5. AWARDOFCREDITS
Credits are awarded for each Theory/Practical/Seminar/Project Subjects. Each theory
subject is awarded 4 credits and each practical/Seminar subjects is awarded 2 credits.
ProjectseminarinIIISemesterisawarded8creditsandProjectVivavoceattheendofIV
Semesterisawarded16credits.

6. AWARDOFGRADES

RangeofMarks
Grade
Grade
S.No.
Points

85%
S
10.0
1
75%84%
A
9.0
2
65%74%
B
8.0
3
4
60%64%
C
7.0

55%59%
D
6.0
5
6
50%54%
E
5.0
7
49%
F(Fail)
0.0
8
ThegradeWrepresents
W
0.0

withdrawal/absent(subsequently

changedintopassorEtoSorF

gradeinthesamesemester)

A Student securing F grade in any subject there by securing 0 grade points has to
reappearandsecureatleastEgradeatthesubsequentexaminationsinthatsubject
5

Wdenoteswithdrawal/absentforasubject

After results are declared and Grade sheets will be issued to each student which
willcontainthefollowingdetails:
ThelistofsubjectsinthesemesterandcorrespondingcreditsandGradeobtained
TheGradepointaverage(GPA)forthesemesterand
TheCumulativeGradePointAverage(CGPA)ofallsubjectsputtogetheruptothat
semesterfromfirstsemesteronwards

GPAiscalculatedbasedonthefallowingformula:

Sumof[No.CreditsXGradePoints]
_______________________________
SumofCredits

CGPAwillbecalculatedinasimilarmanner,consideringallthesubjectsenrolledfrom
firstsemesteronwards.

7. AWARDOFDEGREEANDCLASS

A candidate who becomes eligible for the award of the degree shall be placed in the
following three divisions based on the CGPA secured by him/her for the entire
Programme
S.No. Class
CGPA
1

FirstClassWithDistinction

8.0ormore

FirstClass

6.5ormorebutlessthan8.0

SecondClass

5.0ormorebutlessthan6.5

8. WITHHOLDINGOFRESULTS

Theresultofacandidatemaybewithheldinthefollowingcases
i.
Thecandidatehasnotpaidduestotheinstitution
ii.
Acaseofindisciplineispendingagainstthecandidate
iii.
Acaseofmalpracticeinexaminationispendingagainstthecandidate
Theissueofdegreeisliabletobewithheldinsuchcases

9. GENERAL

9.1TheUniversityreservestherightofalteringtheregulationsasandwhennecessary.
9.2 The regulations altered will be applicable to all the candidates on the rolls
irrespectiveofthefactthattheregulationsatthetimeofadmissionofthestudentto
theprogrammearedifferent.
9.3TheAcademicRegulationsshouldbereadasawholeforpurposeofanyInterpretation
Wheneverthereisadisputeregardinginterpretationofregulations,thedecisionofthe
ViceChancellorisfinal.
6

ISemester
COURSEDETAILS

Sl.
No.

CodeNo.

CESP511

CESP512

CESP513

CESP514

CESP515

CESP516

CESP551

CESP552

SubjectName

AdvancedDigital
Communication
Coding Theory And
Techniques
SpeechSignal
Processing
ELECTIVEI:
1. Image&Video
Processing
2. WaveletSignal
Processing
3. RadarSignal
Processing
ELECTIVEI
1. SpreadSpectrum
Communication
2. Advancedsignal
processing
3. FibreOptic
Communication
ELECTIVEIII:
1. Artificial Neural
Networks
2. Adaptive Signal
Processing
3. Microwave
Measurements

Schemeof
SchemeofExamination

Instruction

Periodsper
Duration
Maximum

week
of
Marks

Credit
Unive
Total
Lecture+ Prac University Sessio
s
Tutorial tical Exam(hrs)
nal rsity Mark
Marks
s

Marks
4

30

70

100

30

70

100

30

70

100

30

70

100

30

70

100

30

70

100

CommunicationLab

30

70

100

Seminar

100

100

24

310

490

800

28

TOTAL

IISemester

COURSEDETAILS

Sl.
No

SubjectName
CodeNo.

CESP521

CESP522

CESP523

CESP524

CESP525

CESP526

CESP561

CESP562

Real
Time
Signal
Processing
Multirate Systems and
FilterBanks
WirelessCommunication
ELECTIVEI
1.EmbeddedSystems
2.PatternRecognition
3. Random processing
&InformationTheory
ELECTIVEII
1.Satellite
CommunicationSystems
2.GlobalPositioning
Systems
3.Telecommunication
SwitchingSystems
ELECTIVEIII
1. FuzzyTechniques
2. Optimization
Techniques
3. Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing
SignalProcessingLab

Schemeof
SchemeofExamination
Instruction
Periodsper
MaximumMarks

week
Total
Lectu Pract Duration Session Universi Marks
re+
ical
of
al
ty
Tutor
University Marks Marks
ial
Exam(hrs)

Credit
s

30

70

100

30

70

100

30

70

100

30

70

100

30

70

100

30

70

100

30

70

100

Seminar

100

100

TOTAL

24

310

490

800

28

IIISEMESTER

COURSEDETAILS
SubjectName

Sl.
No Code
No.

CESP
651

ProjectSeminar

Schemeof
SchemeofExamination
Instruction

Periodsper
MaximumMarks

week
Total
Lectur Practic Duration Session Universi Marks
e+
al
of
al
ty
Tutori
University Marks Marks
al
Exam(hrs)

100
100

Credit
s

IVSEMESTER

COURSEDETAILS
SubjectName

Sl.
No Code
No.

CESP
661

Project

Schemeof
SchemeofExamination
Instruction

Periodsper
MaximumMarks

week
Total
Lectur Practic Duration Session Universi Marks
e+
al
of
al
ty
Tutori
University Marks Marks
al
Exam(hrs)

150

50
200

Credit
s

16

CESP511
ADVANCEDDIGITALCOMMUNICATION

UNITI

Intersymbol interference, Duobinary signaling and modified duobinary signaling, linear

predictive coding, review of orthogonal signals, coherent BPSK & BFSK, MSK, Noncoherent
modulatortechniques,MarymodulationofPSK,FSKandQAM

UNITII

PNsequences,ANotionofspreadspectrum,DirectSequencespreadcoherentBPSK,signal
space dimensionality and processing gain, probability of error, frequency hop spread
spectrum,synchronizationofspreadspectrumsignals:Acquisitionandtracking

UNITIII

EncryptionandDecryption:Amodeloftheencryptionanddecryptionprocess.Ciphersystems,
streamencryptionandPublickeyencryptosystem.

UNITIV

Fading: Characterization of fading multipath channels, Diversity Techniques for fading multi
pathchannels,frequencyselective,nonselectivefading,Signaltimespreading,Timevariance
ofthechannelcausedbymotion.

TextBooks:

1. SimonHaykinDigitalCommunications
2. B.Sklar,DigitalCommunications,AddisonWesley.

ReferenceBooks:

1.J.G.Proakis,DigitalCommunications,McGrawHill.
2. TaubandSchilingPrinciplesofCommunicationSystems2ndedition

10

CESP512
CODINGTHEORYANDTECHNIQUES

UNITI

Source Coding : Mathematical models of Information, A Logarithmic Measure of Information,

Average and Mutual Information and Entropy, coding for Discrete memoryless Sources,
PropertiesofCodes,IluffmanCode,RunLengthCodes,LempelZivCodes,ShanonFanocoding

UNITII

ChannelCoding:IntroductiontoLinearBlockCodes,GeneratedMatrix,SystematicLinearBlock
Codes,EncoderImplementationofLinearBlockCodes,ParityCheckMatrix,SyndromeTesting,
ErrorDetectingandCorrectingCapabilityofLinearBlockCodes,HammingCodes,Probabilityof
anUndetectedErrorforLinearCodesOveraBSCPerfectCodes

UNITIII

Cycle Codes : Algebraic Structure of Cyclic Codes, Binary Cyclic Code Properties, Encoding in
SystematicForm,SyndromeComputationandErrorDetection,DecodingofCyclicCodes,Cyclic
HammingCodes
BCHCodes:DescriptionoftheCodes,MinimumDistanceandBCHBounds,DecodingProcedure
forBCHCodes,ImplementationofGalorsFieldArithmetic,ImplementationofErrorCorrection

UNITIV

Convolutional Codes: Encoding of Convolutional Codes, Structural Properties of Convolutional

Codes, State Diagram, Tree Diagram, Trellis Diagram, Maximum, Likelihood Decoding of
ConvolutionalCodes,ViterbiAlgorithm,Sequentialdecodingalgorithm

TextBooks:

1. ErrorControlCodingFundamentalsandApplicationsbySHULINandDanielJ.Costello,
JR.,PrenticeHallInc
2. SimonHaykinCommunicationSystems,4thedition
3. DigitalCommunicationsFundamentalsandApplicationsbyBernardSklar,Pearson
EducationAsis,2003
4. DigitalCommunicationsJohnG.Proakis,Mc.GrawHillPublications
5. J.Das,Sk.Mallik,PKChattergeePrinciiplesofDigitalCommunicationNAI(P)
Ltd,2000

11

CESP513
SPEECHSIGNALPROCESSING
UNITI

Introduction Signal and Linear Systems, Frequency analysis, Discretetime signals and
systems,filters.
Speech production and acoustic phonetics Anotomy and psysiology of speech organs,
articulatoryphonetics,acousticphonetics.
Shorttimespeechanalysiswindowing,spectraofwindows,signalanalysisintimedomain,
short time energy, magnitude, zerocrossing rate and auto correlation function, Frequency
domainanalysisfilterbanks,formantestimationandtracking.

UNITII
Linear predictive coading (LPC) analysis Basic principles, computation of LP coefficients,
spectral estimation, window considerations, emphasizing low frequencies, polezero LPC
models.
Cepstral analysis Mathematical details, applications of the capstrum, Melscale capstrum,
pitchestimationusingtimedomainandshorttimespectraltechniques.

UNITIII
SpeechenhancementNatureofinterferingsounds,speechenhancementtechniques,spectral
subtraction,enhancementbyresynthesis.
Automatic speech recognition Basic pattern recognition approaches, parametric
representation of speech, evaluating the similarity of speech patterns, spectral and temporal
variability.

UNITIV
Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for speech recognition, Viterbi algorithm, training and testing
usingHMMs,adaptingtovariabilityinspeech,languagemodels.
Speaker recognition Recognition techniques, features that distinguish speakers, system
design,languageandaccentidentification.

Textbooks:

1. Douglas O Shaughnessy, Speech Communications, second Edition, Oxford University

Press,2000
2. L.RRabinerandS.W.Schafer.digitalProcessingofspeechsignals,PrenticeHall

References:

1. Owens,SignalProcessingofSpeech
2. DellarandProakis,DigitalSignalProcessing,PHI

12

CESP514/1
IMAGE&VIDEOPROCESSING

UNITI

ColorimageprocessingColormodelscolortransformationssmoothingandsharpening
imagesegmentationbasedoncolorcolorimagecompression.

UNITII

Video formation, perception and representation color perception and specification video
captureanddisplayanalogvideorasteranalogcolortelevisionsystems
Digital video Fourier analysis of video signals and frequency response of the human visual
system.

UNITIII

Videosamplingsamplingofvideosignalsvideosamplingrateconversionvideomodeling,
Twodimensionalmotionestimation

UNITIV

Videocodingsystemswaveformbasedvideocodingcontentdependentvideocoding.
VideocompressionstandardsErrorcontrolinvideocommunication

TEXTBOOKS

1. Digital Image Processing 3rd Edition Rafael C.Gonzalez, Richard E.Woods , Pearson
Education,2009.(ForUnitIonly)

2. Video Processing and Communication 1st edition Yao Wang, J.Ostermann, Ya Zhang,
PrenticeHall,2001.(ForUnitII,IIIandIV)

REFERENCEBOOKS

1. Image processing, analysis, and machine vision, 2nd Edition, Sonka M, Hlavac V, Boyle R.
BrooksColepublishing,1999.

2. Multidimensional, signal, image and video processing and coding, Woods, Elsevier,
Academicpress,2006.

13

CESP514/2

WAVELETSIGNALPROCESSING
UNITI

OrthogonalSignalSpaces,ApproximationsofFunctionsbyaSetofMutuallyOrthogonalFunctions,
Orthogonality in Complex Functions, Trigonometric & Exponential Fourier Series, Concepts of
FourierTransforms,PropertiesandtheirSignificance,EnergyandPowerSpectralDensityFunctions.

UNITII

TimeFrequency Analysis: Window function, Short Time Fourier Transform, Properties of

ShortTimeFourierTransform,DiscreteShortTimeFourierTransform.
ContinuousWaveletTransform:ContinuousTimeWavelets,DefinitionoftheCWT,TheCWTas
a Correlation, Constant QFactor Filtering Interpretation and TimeFrequency Resolution, The
CWTasanOperator,InverseCWT.

UNITIII

Introduction to the Discrete Wavelet Transform and Orthogonal Wavelet Decomposition:

ApproximationofVectorsinNestedLinearVectorSubspaces,ExampleofanMRA.
MRA, Orthonormal Wavelets and their relationship to filter banks: Formal Definition of MRA,
Construction of a General Orthonormal MRA, a wavelet basis for the MRA, Digital Filtering
Interpretation,InterpretingOrthonormalMRAsfordiscretetimesignals.

UNITIV

ParsevalsIdentityfortheCWT,InverseCWTisamanytooneoperation,WaveletInnerProduct
as a Projection Operation, CWT with an Orthonormal basis generating wavelet, A trous
algorithm.
Biorthogonal Wavelet basis, filtering relationship for biorthogonal filters, two dimensional
wavelets,waveletpackets.

TEXTBOOKS:

1.SignalProcessingandLinearSystems,B.P.Lathi,BerkleyCambridge
2. Wavelet Transforms Introduction to Theory and Applications, Raghuveer M. Rao,
Ajitopardikar,PearsonEducation,Asia
REFERENCES:
1.SignalsandSystems,B.P.Lathi
2. Fundaments of Wavelets Theory, Algorithms and Applications, Jaideva C.
Goswami,AndrewK.Chan,JohnWiley&Sons

14

CESP514/3
RADARSIGNALPROCESSING

UNITI

Introduction Radar functions and Applications, Target Detection, Resolution and Clutter ,
BasicSurveillanceRadarImplementation.
RadarEngineeringEquationParameters,lossfactors,RadarDetectionwithNoise,Jamming,
VolumeClutterandAreaClutter,DetectionProbability,falsealarmsensitivityandintroductions
to CFAR Technique, Basics of CACFAR processor, Resolution Cell and Measurement Accuracy,
AmbiguitiesinRangeandDoppler.

UNITII

Signal Processing & Waveform Selection 1 : Introduction, Matched Filter Processing (with
examples), Matched Filter Receiver, Matched Filter and Correlation Function, Efficiency of
Practical Filters, Effect of Transmitted waveform, Correlation Detection, Cross correlation
Receiver.
DetectionCriteria,NeymanPearsonObserver,IdealObserver,SequentialObserver,Likelihood,
Ration,MaximumLikelihoodFunction,InverseProbabilityCriterion,UncertaintyRelation.

UNITIII

Signal Processing & Waveform Selection 1I : Transmit Waveforms, Types, Design Criteria,
radar Ambiguity Function Principles, Properties, Examples, Radar Environmental Diagram,
Optimization,DesirabilityofRangeDopplerAmbiguities.
Phase Coding Techniques : Principles, Random Binary coding, Binary periodic Sequences,
AmbiguityFunctionforPRSequences,MaximalLengthBinaryCodes,PerfectwordsandCodes,
Poly Phase Codes. Decoding Techniques, Analog and Digital Schemes, Noise and Clutter
Performances.

UNITIV

Linear FM and Frequency Coding Techniques: Principles, Linear FM pulses, Generation and
Decoding, Distortion effects on LFM Signals, Discrete Frequencies, Waveform Analysis,
Capabilities,ResolutionpropertiesofFrequencyCodedPulses.

TextBooks:

1. F.E.Nathanson,RadarDesignPrinciplesSignalProcessingandtheEnvironment,
McGrawHill,FirstEdition(1969)
2. RamonNitzberg,radarSignalProcessingandAdaptiveSystems,ArtechHouse,1999
3. M.I.Skolnik,IntroductiontoRadarSystems,McGrawHill
4. M.I.Skolnik(ed.)RadarHandBook,McGrawHill,wnded,1992

15

CESP515/1
SPREADSPECTRUMCOMMUNICATION

UNITI

Direct Sequence Systems, definitions and concepts, Spreading sequences and waveforms,
Systems with PSK Modulation, Quaternary Systems, Pulsed Interference, Rejection of
NarrowbandInterference.

UNITII

FrequencyHoppingSystems,ConceptsandCharacteristics,Modulations,Codesforpartialband
interference,FrequencySynthesizers.

UNITIII

Code Synchronization, Acquisition of Spreading sequences, Serial Search Acquisition,

Acquisitioncorrelator,codeTracking,FrequencyHoppingPatterns.

UNITIV

Detection of Spread Spectrum Signals, Detection of Direct sequence signals, Detection of

FrequencyHoppingSignals.

TextBook:

1.PrinciplesofSpreadSpectrumCommunicationSystemsbyDon.J.Torrieri,Springer
Publishers,2005.

References:

1. IntroductiontospreadspectrumcommunicationsbyRogerL.Peterson,RodgerE.
Ziemer,DavidE.Borth,PrenticeHall,1995.
2. SpreadSpectruminCommunications,R.Skaug,J.F.Hjelmstad,PublishedbyInstitutionof
ElectricalEngineers.

16

CESP515/2
ADVANCEDSIGNALPROCESSING

UNITI

POWERSPECIRALESTIMATION
EstimationofSpectrafromFiniteDurationObservationsofaSignal,thePeriodogram,Useof
DFT in power Spectral Estimation, Bartlett, Welch and Blackman, Turkey methods,
ComparisonofperformanceofNonParametricPowerSpectrumEstimationMethods.

UNITII

PARAMETRICMETHODOFPOWERSPECTRUMESTIMATION
Parametric Methods for power spectrum estimation, Relationship between Auto Correlation
and ModelParameters, AR(AutoRegressive) Process and Linear prediction, YuleWalker, Burg
and Unconstrained Least Squares Methods, Sequential Estimation, Moving Average(MA) and
ARMA Models Minimum Variance Method, Piscaranko's Harmonic Decomposition Method,
MUSICMethod.

UNITIII

Wiener Filtering: Introduction, The FIR Wiener Filter, Filtering, Linear Prediction, Noise
Cancellation,LatticeRepresentationfortheFIRWienerFilter

UNITIV

The IIR Wiener Filter, Non Causal IR Wiener Filter, The Causal Wiener Filtering, Causal Linear
Prediction,WienerDeconvolution,DiscreteKalmanFilter.

TEXTBOOKS

1.ProakisJGandManolakisDGDigitalSignalProcessingPrinciples,Algorithmsand
applications,PHI(ForUnitIandII)
2.StatisticaldigitalSignalProcessingandModellingbyMonsonHayes,WileyIndia
Publications.(ForUnitIIIandUnitIV)

REFERENCEBOOKS:

1. OpenheimAV&SchaferRW,DiscreteTimeSignalProcessingPHI.
2. OrfanadisS,IntroductiontoDigitalSignalProcessingPHI
3. OrfanadisSOptimumSignalProcessingPHI

17

CESP515/3
FIBREOPTICCOMMUNICATION

UNITI

Optical Fibers: Optical Fiber Modes and Configurations: Fiber Types, Rays and Modes, Step
IndexFiberStructure,GradedIndexFiberStructure.Fibermaterials:a.GlassFibers,Plastic
OpticalFibers,SignalDegradationinOpticalFibers.
Attenuation: Attenuation Units, Absorption, Scattering Losses, Bending Losses, Core and
CladdingLosses.SignalDistortioninOpticalWaveguides:InformationCapacityDetermination,
GroupDelay,MaterialDispersion,WaveguideDispersion,intermodalDispersion.

UNITII
OpticalSources:LightEmittingDiodes(LEDs),LEDStructures,LightSourceMaterials,Quantum
Efficiency and LED Power, Modulation of an LED. Laser Diodes: Laser Diode Modes and
Threshold Conditions, Laser Diode Rate Equations, External Quantum Efficiency, Resonant
Frequencies,LaserDiodeStructuresandRadiationPatterns,SingleModeLasers
Photo detectors: Physical Principles of Photodiodes, The pin Photo detector b.Avalanche
Photodiodes ,Photo detector Noise, Detector Response Time, Avalanche Multiplication Noise,
StructuresforInGaAsAPDs.

UNITIII

OpticalReceiverOperation:FundamentalReceiveroperation,DigitalSignalTransmission,Error
Sources,ReceiverConfiguration,Preamplifiers.
Digital Transmission Systems : Point toPoint Links ,System Considerations ,Link Power
Budget,RiseTimeBudgetWDMConceptsandComponents.
Operational Principles of WDM : Passive Components, The 2 x 2 Fiber Coupler ,Scattering
Matrix Representation, The 2 x 2 Waveguide Coupler ,Star Couplers ,Machzehnder
InterferometerMultiplexers.

UNITIV
Optical Networks: Basic Networks,Network Topologies , Performanceof Passive Linear Buses
Performance of Star Architectures. SONET/SDH : Transmission Formats and Speeds ,Optical
Interfaces,SONET/SDHRings,SONET/SDHNetworks,FDDIOpticalfiber.
Measurements : Introduction ,Fiber attenuation measurements, Fiber dispersion
measurements, Fiber cutoff wave length measurements, Fiber numerical aperture
measurements,OpticalTimeDomainReflectometer(OTDR).

TEXTBOOKS
1.GerdKeiser,OpticalFiberCommunications,3rdEdition,McGrawHill.
2.JohnM.SeniorOpticalFiberCommunications,2ndEdition,PHI.

18

CESP516/1
ARTIFICIALNEURALNETWORKS

UNITI

Introduction: History of Neural Networks, Structure and functions of biological and artificial
neuron,neuralnetworkarchitectures,Learningmethods,evaluationofneuralnetworks.

UNITII

Supervised learning I: Single layer networks, McCulloch Plus Neuron, Model Perceptron I
carning, Delta learning Widrow Hoff learning rules, linear seperability, Adaline and
modifications.

UNITIII

Supervised learning II: Multi layer networks: Architectures, Madalines, Backpropagation

algorithm, importance of learning parameter and momentum term, radial basis functions,
polynomialnetworks.
Unsupervised learning: Winner Take all learning, out star learning, learning vector
quantizers,counterpropagationnetworks,Kohonenselforganizingnetworks,Grossberglayer,
adaptiveresonancetheory,HammingNet.

UNITIV

Assoctative memories: Hebbian learning rule, continuous and discrete, Hopfield networks,
recurrentandassociativememory,Boltzmanmachines,Bidirectionalassociativememory.
Applications of neural networks : Optimization, Travelling Salesman, Problem solving
simultaneouslinearequations,ApplicationsinpatternrecognitionandImageProcessing.

TextBooks

1. J.M.ZuradaIntroductiontoArtificialNeuralSystems,JaicoPublications.
2. KishanMehrotra,ChelkuriK.Mohan,SanjavRanka,elementsofArtificialNeural
Networks,TenramInternational.
3. B.Yegnanarayana,ArtificialNeuralNetworks,PHI,NewDelhi.
4. Waserman:NeuralComputingTheoryandPractice.

19

CESP516/2
ADAPTIVESIGNALPROCESSING

UNITI

AdaptiveSystems:Definitions,Characteristics,Applications,ExampleofanAdaptiveSystem.The
Adaptive Linear Combiner: Description, Weight Vectors, Desired Responses, Performance
Function,GradientandMeanSuareError.

UNITII
ApproachestotheDevelopmentofAdaptiveFilterTheory:IntroductiontoFilteringSmoothing
and PredictionLinear Optimum Filtering ,Problem Statement . Principle of Orthogonality ,
Minimum Mcan Squared Error, Winer Hopf Equations, Error Performance , Normal
Equation.

UNITIII
Searching the Performance Surface Methods and Ideas of Gradient Search Methods,
Gradient Searching Algorithm and its Solution, Stability and Rate of Convergence, Learning
Curves, Gradient Search by Newtons Method, Method of Steepest Descent, Comparison of
LearningCurves.
LMSAlgorithmsOverview,LMSAdaptationAlgorithms,StabilityandPerformanceAnalysisof
LMSAlgorithms,LMSGradientandStochasticAlgorithms,ConvergenceofLMSAlgorithms.

UNITIV
Applications Noise Cancelling, Cancelling Echoes in Long Distance Telephone Circuits,
AdaptiveBeamForming.
KalmanFilteringTheoryIntroduction,RecursiveMeanSquareEstimationforScalarRandom
Variables,StatementofKalmanFilteringProblem,InnovationProcess.EstimationofStateusing
theInnovationProcess,Filtering,InitialConditions,SummaryofKalmanFilters,Variantsofthe
KalmanFilteringtheExtendKalmanFiltering,IdentificationasaKalmanFilteringProblem.

TEXTBOOKS:

1. BernandWidrowAdvaptiveSignalProcessing,PH/PearsonEducation,Asia.
2. SimonHaykinsAdaptivefilterTheory,PH

REFERENCES:

1. SophoclesJ.OrfamidisOptimumSignalProcessingAnIntroduction,2ndEdition,
McGrawHill
2. S.ThomasAlexanderAdaptiveSignalProcessingTheoryandApplications,Springer
Verlag

20

CESP516/3
MICROWAVEMEASUREMENTS

UNITI

Measurement of wavelength and frequency, Equivalent circuit of the cavity wave meters,
typicalwavemeters,resonantcavities.
Methods of Frequency Measurements: Direct measurement, Interpolation method, Additive
frequencymethod.

UNITII

Measurement of Impedance : Constructional details of slotted section and its limitations,

standing wave detector, Techniques in standing wave detector measurements, Measurement
of low & high VSWR., Location of voltage minims, Use of Smith chart in impedance
measurements,Errorsinstandingwavedetectorimpedancemeasurements,Reflectometers.
Measurement of Power : Methods of power measurement, Typical barrette elements,
thermistor, bolometer bridge circuits, Extending the range of Bolometer devices, Crystal
Detector,DielectricMeasurementforSolids.

UNITIII

Measurements on Microwave circuits and components, T and P network, Measurement of

scattering coefficients, Graphical determination of scattering coefficients, Coupling and
Directivityofdirectionalcoupler.

UNITIV

MeasurementofAttenuation:InsertionofPowerratiomethod,substitutionmethod,scattering
coefficientmethod,ReturnLoss.
Antenna Measurements: Measurement of radiation patterns, Antenna gain measurements,
AntennaimpedanceMeasurements,PolarizationMeasurements.

TEXTBOOKS

1. E.L.Ginzton,MicrowaveMeasurements,McGrawHill
2. AnnapurnaDas&SisirKDas,MicrowaveEngineering,TMH,2000
3. P.Rizzi,MicrowaveEngineeringPassiveCircuits,PrenticeHall,1987
4. D.M.Pozar,MicrowaveEngineering,JohnWiley,1998

REFERENCEBOOKS:

1. M.L.Sisodia&GSRaghuvanshi,BasicMicrowaveTechniquesandLaboratoryManual,
WileyEastern,1987
2. DennisRoddy,MicrowaveTechnology,PHI,1986
21

CESP551
COMMUNICATIONLAB

ListofExperiments

1. TimeDivisionMultiplexingofsignals&FramingintheTDM.
2. StudyofManchesterCoderDecoder.
3. FormingaPCtoPCCommunicationLinkusingOpticalFiberandRS232interface.
4. MeasurementofvariouslossesinanOpticalFiber.
5. ComparativestudyofEMIincopperandOpticalmedia.
6. StudyofOpticalTimeDomainReflectometer.
7. MeasuretheScatteringparametersofthedevices:Circulator&HybridTEE.
8. StudyofAntennaRadiationPatternsofEPlaneandHplaneradiationpatternsofa
Pyramadalhorns.
9. Studyofspectrumanalyzer.
10. MeasurementofQfactorofcavityresonator.
11. StudyofCellularcommunicationSystems.
12. StudyofSatellitecommunicationReceiver.

Note:Aminimumof10(ten)experimentshavetobeperformedandrecordedbythecandidate
toattaineligibilityfortheuniversitypracticalexamination.

22

CESP521
REALTIMESIGNALPROCESSING

UnitI

Introduction: Introduction to realtime concepts, Signal Processing and DSP systems,

ComparisonbetweengeneralpurposeandDSPprocessors.
Architecture: TMS320C6x Architecture, Functional Units, Fetch and Execute, Packets,
Pipelining,Registers.
Addressingmodes:Direct,IndirectAddressingLinearandCircularAddressingModes,Circular
Addressing.

UnitII

Instruction Set of the C6x Processor : TMS320C6x Instruction Set, Assembly Code Format,
TypesofInstructions,AssemblerDirectives,Timers,Interrupts,InterruptControlRegisters,
Interrupt Acknowledgment , Multichannel Buffered Serial Ports , Direct Memory Access ,
Memory Considerations, Data Allocation, Data Alignment, Pragma Directives, Memory
Models.

Data representation DSP Processors : Data Types, FloatingPoint Format, Qformat Number
RepresentationFixedPointDSP,FiniteWordLengthEffectsonFixedPointDSPs,Overflowand
Scaling, Division, Code Improvement , Trip Directive for Loop Count, CrossPaths, Software
Pipelining,Constraints,MemoryConstraints,CrossPathConstraints,Load/StoreConstraints,
PipeliningEffectswithMoreThanOneEPwithinanFP.

UnitIII

FiniteImpulseResponseFilters:IntroductiontothezTransform,MappingfromsPlanetoz
Plane, Difference Equations, Discrete Signals, FIR Filters,FIR Lattice Structure,FIR
ImplementationUsingFourierSeries,WindowFunctions,HammingWindow,HanningWindow,
BlackmanWindow,KaiserWindow,ComputerAidedApproximation.
InfiniteImpulseResponseFilters:IIRFilterStructures,DirectFormIStructure178,DirectForm
IIStructure,5.2.3DirectFormIITranspose,CascadeStructure,ParallelFormStructure,Lattice
Structure,BilinearTransformation,BLTDesignProcedure,ProgrammingExamplesUsingCand
ASMCode.

UnitIV

Fast Fourier Transform: Development of the FFT Algorithm with Radix2, Decimationin
Frequency FFT Algorithm with Radix2, DecimationinTime FFT Algorithm with Radix2, Bit
ReversalforUnscrambling,DevelopmentoftheFFTAlgorithmwithRadix4,InverseFastFourier
Transform.

23

Adaptive Filters: Introduction, Adaptive Structures, Adaptive Linear Combiner, Performance

Function Searching for the Minimum, Programming Examples for Noise Cancellation and
SystemIdentification
Code Optimization: Introduction to optimization, Optimization Steps, Procedure for Code
Optimization, Software Pipelining for Code Optimization, and Execution Cycles for Different
OptimizationSchemes.

Textbooks:

1. DigitalSignalProcessingandApplicationswiththeC6713andC6416DSK
RulphChassaing,AJOHNWILEY&SONS,INC.,PUBLICATION.

Referencebooks:

1. RealTimeDigitalSignalProcessingBasedontheTMS320C6000byNasserKehtarnavaz.

2. DigitalSignalProcessors:Architectures,Implementations,andApplications...

ByKuo,woonsengsgen,Pearsoneducation.
3. Digitalsignalprocessorsarchitecture,programmingandapplications,byB.
Venkataramani,M.Bhaskar,TMHEdition.

4. DigitalsignalprocessingimplementationsusingDSPmicroprocessorswithexamples
fromTMS320C54xxbyAvtarSingh,SriniSrinivasan,Thomson/Brooks/Cole,2004

24

CESP522
MULTIRATESYSTEMSANDFILTERBANKS

UNITI

Fundamentals of Multirate Systems: Basic Multirate Operations, Interconnection of Building

Blocks, The Polyphase representation, Multistage Implementations, Some Applications of
MultirateSystems,SpecialFiltersandFilterBanks.

UNITII

Maximally Decimated Filter Banks: Errors created in the QMF Bank, A Simple Alias Free QMF
System, Power Symmetric QMF Banks, MChannel Filter Banks, Polyphase representation,
Perfect Reconstruction Systems, Alias Free Filter Banks, Tree Structured Filter Banks,
TransMultiplexers.

UNITIII

Paraunitary Perfect Reconstruction (PR) Filter Banks: Lossless Transfer Matrices, Filter Bank
Properties Induced by Paraunitariness, Two channel FIR Para unitary QMF Banks, The Two
channelParaunitaryQMFLattice,TransformCodingandtheLOT.

UNITIV

CosineModulatedFilterBanks:ThePseudoQMFBank,DesignofPseudoQMFBank,Efficient
Polyphase Structures, Deeper Properties of Cosine Matrices, Cosine Modulated Perfect
ReconstructionSystems.

TEXTBOOK:

1. Multirate Systems and Filter Banks, P.P.Vaidyanathan, Pearson Education, Low Priced
Edition,2006.

REFERENCEBOOKS:

1. Multirate Signal Processing for Communication Systems by F.J.Harris, Pearson

Education,LowPricedEdition.
2. DigitalSignalProcessing,AcomputerBasedApproachbySanjitKMitra,TataMcGraw
HillPublishing.

25

CESP523
WIRELESSCOMMUNICATION
UNITI

Introduction:EvaluationofMobileRadioCommunication,MobileRadioSystemsaroundtheworld,
ExamplesofWirelessCommunicationSystems:Pagingsystems,CordlessTelephoneSystems,Cellular
TelephoneSystems.
ModernWirelessCommunicationSystems:Secondgenerationcellularnetworks,thirdgeneration
networks, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) LMDS, Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), Bluetooth &
PersonalAreaNetworks.

UNITII
The Cellular Concept System Design Fundamentals: Introduction, Frequency Reuse, Channel
AssignmentStrategies,HandoffStrategies,InterferenceandSystemCapacity,TrunkingandGradeof
Service,ImprovingCoverage&CapacityinCellularSystems.
Mobile Radio Propagation: LargeScale Path Loss: Introduction, Free Space Propagation Model,
Relating Power to Electric Field, The Three Basic Propagation Mechanisms, Reflection, Ground
Reflection, Diffraction Scattering, Practical Link Budget Design Using Path Loss Models, Outdoor
Propagation Models(Longley Rice Model & Durkins Model_ A Case Study), Indoor Propagation
Model(PartitionLosses(SameModel)&PartitionLossesbetweenFloors),SignalPenetrationinto
Buildings,RayTracingandSiteSpecificModeling.

UNITIII
Mobile Radio Propagation: SmallScale Fading and Multipath : SmallScale Multipath Propagation,
ImpulseResponseModelofaMultipathChannel,SmallScaleMultipathMeasurements,Parametersof
MobileMultipathChannels,TypesofSmallScaleFading,RayleighandRiceanDistributions,Statistical
Models for Multipath Fading Channels, Theory of Multipath Shape Factors for SmallScale Fading
WirelessChannels,ExamplesofFadingBehavior,SecondOrderStatisticsUsingShapeFactors,Applying
ShapeFactorstoWidebandChannels,RevisitingClassicalChannelModelswithShapeFactors.

UNITIV
Review of the Modulation Techniques for mobile radio, Review of the Multiple Access
techniquesforWirelessCommunication,Wirelessdatanetworking,WirelessDataServices,AMPS,
GlobalSystemforMobile(GSM).

TextBooks:
1.TSRappaport,wirelesscommunications:principlesandpractice,Pearsoneducation2ndedition.
2.JGProakis,DigitalCommunication,McGrawHill,1995.
3.GEStuber,PrinciplesofMobileCommunications,KIuweracademic1996.

26

CESP524/1
EMBEDDEDSYSTEMS
UNITI

Introduction:
Introduction to Embedded System, Role of processor selection in Embedded Systems,
Embedded System project management, design cycle in the development phase for an
Embedded System, using of target system or its Emulator and inCircuit emulator, use of
softwaretoolsfordevelopmentofanEmbeddedSystems.
UNITII

RTOSanditsoverview:
Real Time Operating Systems: Task and Task States, Tasks and Data, Message Queues, Timers
and Timer Functions, Events Memory Management , Interrupt Routines in an RTOS
environment,BasicDesignUsingRTOS.

UNITIII

Embeddedsystemdevelopment:
Interfacingofexternalmemory,interfacingofanaloganddigitalblocks,interfacingofdifferent
peripheral devices LEDs, LCDs, Graphical LCD, Switches, Relay, Stepper motor, ADC, DAC, and
various sensors, introduction to assembler, compiler, cross compilers, and Integrated
DevelopmentEnvironment.
UNITIV

NetworksforEmbeddedSystems:
TheI2CBus,TheCANbus,SHARKlinkports,Ethernet,IntroductiontoBluetooth:specification,
Coreprotocol.IEEE1149.1(JTAG)Testability
TEXTBOOKS:
1. TheartofprogrammingEmbeddedsystems,JackG.Ganssle,academicpress.
2. IntelligentEmbeddedsystems,LouisL.Odette,AdisonWesly,1991.
3. J.StarustrupandW.WolfHardwaresoftwareCoDesignprinciplesandpractice.KJluwer,
AcademicPublications.

REFERENCEBOOKS:
1. DesignwithPICmicrocontrollerbujohnB.Pitman,pearsonedition.
2. DesigningEmbeddedSystemsHardware:JohnCatsoulis,ShroffPublications,Distributors
NewDelhi.
3. MicrocentersArchitectureProgramming,InterfacingandsystemdesignbyRajKamal,
Pearsonedition.
4. ProgrammingEmbeddedsystemsinCandC++,MicheelBarr,ShroffPublications,
DistributorsNewDelhi.
27

CESP524/2
PATTERNRECOGNITION

UNITI

Importance of pattern recognition, Features, Feature Vectors and Classifiers, Supervised,

UnsupervisedandSemiSupervisedLearning.
ClassifiersbasedonBayesDecisionTheory:Bayesdecisiontheory,DiscriminantFunctionsand
decision surfaces, Bayesian classification for Normal Distributions, Estimation of Unknown
probabilitydensityfunctions,TheNearestNeighborRule.

UNITII

Linear Classifiers Linear Discriminant functions and Decision Hyperplanes, The perceptron
Algorithm,LeastSquaresMethod.
SupportVectorMachine:Separableclasses,Nonseparableclasses,Themulticlasscase,vSVM,
SupportVectorMachinesAgeometricViewPoint

UNITIII

Non Linear Classifiers: The XOR problem, The two layer perceptron, Three layer perceptrons,
The Backpropagation Algorithm, The cost function choice, choice of the network size, A
simulation example, Networks with weight sharing, generalized linear classifiers, polynomial
classifiers,RadialbasisFunctionNetworks

UNITIV

Feature Selection: Pre processing, The peaking phenomenon, Feature selection based on
statisticalhypothesistesting,ROCcurve,classseparabilitymeasures,featuresubsetselection,
Feature Generation: Basis Vectors and Images, The KL Transform, The Singular Value
Decomposition,IndependentComponentAnalysis,NonnegativeMatrixFactorization,Regional
features,Featuresforshapeandsizecharacterization.

TextBook:

1. PatternRecognition(4edition)bySergiosTheodoridis,KonstantinosKoutroumbas,
AcademicPress,2009.

ReferenceBooks:

1. PatternClassification(2edition)RichardDuda,PeterEHart,DavidGStork,JohnWiley
&Sons,2001.
2. PatternRecognitionandMachineLearning,ChristopherM.Bishop,SpringerPublications
2006.

28

CESP524/3
RANDOMPROCESSING&INFORMATIONTHEORY

UNITI
RANDOM VARIABLES: Definition of Random Variable, Probability of Distribution Function,
Probability Density Function(PDF), Conditional and Joint Distribution and Densities, Functions of
RandomVariables,DeterminingthePDFofY=g(X),ExpectedvalueofaRandomVariable,Conditional
Expectations, Moments, Joint Moment, Properties of Uncorrelated Random Variables, Jointly
GaussianRandomVariables.

UNITII
RANDOM PROCESSES: Introduction, Mathematical definition of a Random Process, Stationary
Processes, Mean, Correlation, and Covariance Functions, Ergodic Processes, Transmission of a
Random Process through a Linear Timeinvariant Filter, Power Spectral Density, Gaussian Process,
Noise,NarrowbandNoise,RepresentationofNarrowbandNoiseintermsofInphaseandQuadrature
Components,RepresentationofaNarrowbandNoiseintermsofEnvelopeandPhaseComponents.

UNITIII

ADVANCEDTOPICSINRANDOMPROCESSES:Meansquare(m.s.)calculus,StochasticContinuity
and Derivatives, Further results on m.s. Convergence, m.s. Stochastic Integrals, m.s. Stochastic
Differential Equations, KarhunenLoeve Expansion, Representation of Band limited and Periodic
Processes,Bandlimitedprocesses,BandpassRandomProcesses.

UNITIV

APPLICATION TO STATISTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING: Estimation of random variables,

innovation sequences and Kalman filtering, wiener filters for random sequences, hidden
markovmodels.

TEXTBOOKS:

1.Probabilityandrandomprocesseshenrystarkjohnw.woods,3"pea
2.Communicationsystemssimonhaykin,4thed
3.Probabilityandrandomvariablespebbels
4.Probability,randomvariablesandstocasticprocesses
papoolis

29

CESP525/1
SATELLITECOMMUNICATIONSYSTEMS

UNITI
INTRODUCTION AND ORBITAL ASPECTS OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS: A brief history
ofSatelliteCommunications,TypesofOrbits,OrbitalMechanics:DevelopingtheEquation
oftheorbit,Keplerslawsofplanetarymotion,locatingthesatelliteintheorbit,locating
theSatellitewithrespecttotheEarth,Orbitalelements,Lookangledetermination,Orbital
perturbations, launch and launch vehicles, Orbital effects in Communication System
performance.

UNITII
SATELLITE SUBSYSTEMS: Introduction, Attitude and Orbit Control System (AOCS),
Telemetry,Tracking,CommandandMonitoring(TTC&M),PowerSystems,Communication
Subsystems,SatelliteAntennas
MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES: Introduction, FDMA, TDMA, DAMA and CDMA Satellite
SystemsEncoder,Decoder,ComparisonbetweenFDMA,TDMA&CDMA.

UNITIII
SATELLITE LINK DESIGN: Basic transmission theory,System Noise Temperature and G / T
ratio,DesignofUplinkandDownlinkmodels,DesignofSatellitelinksforspecifiedC/N
ratio.
EARTHSTATIONTECHNOLOGY:EarthStationDesign,Designoflargeantennas,Smallearth
station Antennas, Propagation Effects on Satellite: Quantifying Attenuation and
Depolarization,RainandIceEffects,PredictionofRainAttenuation.

UNITIV
SATELLITE PACKET COMMUNICATIONS: Message transmission by FDMA: The M/G/1 Queue,
MessagetransmissionbyTDMAPureALOHA:SatellitepacketswitchingslottedALOHAPacket
ReservationTreealgorithm.
VSAT SYSTEMS : Introduction, overview of VSAT Systems, Network Architectures, One
way Implementation, Split TwoWay (Split IP) Implementation, TwoWay
Implementation, Access Control Protocols, Delay Considerations, Basic Techniques:
MultipleAccessSelection,SignalFormats,Modulation,Coding,andInterferenceIssues.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. TPrattandWBostiain,SatelliteCommunications,2ndEdition,JohnWiley,
2. TriT.HaDigitalSatellitecommunications,2ndEdition,McGrawHill
3. TaubandSchilling,PrinciplesofCommunicationSystems,TMH,2003.
4. SimonHaykin,CommunicationSystems,4thEdition,JohnWiley&Sons,2004.

REFERENCEBOOKS:
1. DCAgarwal,SatelliteCommunications,KhannaPublishers,2003
2. RobertMGagliardi,SatelliteCommunications.
30

CESP525/2
GLOBALPOSITIONINGSYSTEMS

UNITI

OverviewofGPS:Basicconcept,systemarchitecture,spacesegment,usersegment,GPSaided
Geoaugmentednavigation(GAGAN)architecture.

UNITII

GPSSignals,Signalstructure,antispoofing(AS),selectiveavailability,DifferencebetweenGPS
andGALILEOsatelliteconstruction.

UNITIII

GPScoordinateframes,Timereferences:GeodeticandGeocentriccoordinatesystems,ECEF
Coordinateworldgeodetic1984(WGS84),GPStime.

UNITIV

GPSorbitsandsatellitepositiondetermination:GPSorbitalparameters,descriptionofreceiver
independentexchangeformat(RINEX)Observationdataandnavigationmessagedata
parameters,GPSpositiondetermination.GPSErrors:
GPSerrorsourcesclockerror,ionosphericerror,troposphericerror,multipath,ionospheric
errorestimationusingdualfrequencyGPSreceiver.

TEXTBOOKS:

1.B.HoffmanWellenhof,H.LiehteneggerandJ.Collins,GPSTheoryandPractice,
SpringerWien,NewYork(2001).

REFERENCEBOOKS:

1.JamesBaYenTsui,FundamentalsofGPSreceiversAsoftwareapproach,JohnWiley&
Sons(2001).

31

CESP525/3
TELECOMMUNICATIONSWITCHINGSYSTEMS
UNITI
TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING SYSTEMS: Evolution of Telecommunications Simple
Telephone Communication Basics of Switching System Electronic Space Division Switching
Stored Program Control Centralized SPC Distributed SPC Software Architecture Two Stage
NetworksThreeStageNetworksNStageNetworksTimeDivisionSwitchingBasicTimeDivision
Time Switching Combination Switching Three Stage Combination Switching N Stage
CombinationSwitching

UNITII
TELEPHONE NETWORKS: Subscriber Loop Systems Switching Hierarchy and Routing
Transmission Plan Signaling Techniques Inchannel Signaling Common Channel Signaling
NetworkTrafficLoadandParametersGradeOfServiceandBlockingProbability
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF DATA COMMUNICATIONS: Data Communications Codes Bar
Codes Character Synchronization Data Communications Hardware Data Communications
CircuitsLineControlUnitSerialInterfaces

UNITIII
DATALINK PROTOCOLS AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS: Introduction Data Link
Protocol Functions Character and Bit Oriented Data Link Protocols Asynchronous DataLink
ProtocolsSynchronousDataLinkProtocolsSynchronousDataLinkControlHighLevelDataLink
ControlPublicSwitchedDataNetworksAsynchronousTransferMode
DIGITAL TCARRIERS AND MULTIPLEXING: TimeDivision Multiplexing T1 Digital Carrier North
AmericanDigitalHierarchyDigitalCarrierLineCodingTCarrierSystemsEuropeanDigitalCarrier
System Digital Carrier Frame Synchronization Bit Versus Word Interleaving Statistical Time
Division Multiplexing Frequency Division Multiplexing FDM Hierarchy Composite Baseband
SignalFormationofaMasterGroup

UNITIV
ISDN:WhatIsISDN?ISDNComponentsISDNChannelTypesBasicandPrimaryRateInterfaces
ISDNProtocolsISDNFeaturesServicesandApplicationsOtherISDNInitiatives
DIALUPANDHOMENETWORKING:WhatIsDialupNetworking?AnalogModemConceptsDSL
ServiceCableModemsHomeNetworkingConceptsandIssues
NETWORK CONVERGENCE: What Is Network Convergence? Networking Issues and
ConvergenceEffectsofNetworkConvergenceonBusinessConvergenceAtHome
TEXTBOOKS:
1. TViswanathan,TelecommunicationSwitchingSystemsandNetworks,PHI,2004
2.WayneTomasi,AdvancedElectronicCommunicationsSystems,Pearson,6thEdition,2004
3.MachaelA.GalloandWilliamM.Hancock,ComputerCommunicationsandNetworking
Tecnologies,CengageLearning,1stEdition,2002

REFERENCEBOOKS:
1.JEFlood,TelecommunicationsSwitching,TrafficandNetworks,Person,1999
2.RayHorak,CommunicationSystemsandNetworks,3rdEdition,Wiley,2002
32

CESP526/1
FUZZYTECHNIQUES

UNITI

Classical and fuzzy sets: Classical sets operations, properties of classical sets, mapping of
classical sets to the functions. Fuzzy setsmembership, uncertainty, fuzzy set operations,
properties of fuzzy sets. Classical and fuzzy relations: Cartesian product, crisp relations
cardinality, operations and properties of crisp relations, Fuzzy relationscardinality operations
and properties of fuzzy relations. Non interacting fuzzy sets, Tolerance and equivalence
relations.

UNITII
Membership functions: Futures of membership functions, fuzzification, membership value
assignmentsintuition, ranking ordering, angular fuzzy sets, neural nets, genetic algorithms,
inductive reasoning, Fuzzytocrisp conversions: Lambdacuts for fuzzy sets, lambdacuts for
fuzzyrelations,defuzzificationmethods.Fuzzyarithmetic,numbersandvectorsandextension
principle: fuzzy members, approximate methods of extensionvertex method, DSW algorithm,
restrictedDSWalgorithm,fuzzyvectors.

UNITIII
Classicallogicandfuzzylogic:Classicalpredicatelogictautologies,contradictions,equivalence,
exclusive or and exclusive nor, logical proofs, deductive inferences. Fuzzy logic, approximate
reasoning,Fuzzytautologies,contradictions,equivalenceandlogicalproofs,otherformsofthe
implication operation, other forms of the composite operation. Fuzzy rulebased systems:
Naturallanguage,linguisticHedges,rulebasedsystemscanonicalruleforms,decompositionof
compound rules, likelihood and truth qualification, aggregation of Fuzzy rules, Graphical
techniquesinference.

UNITIV

Fuzzy decisionmaking: Fuzzy synthetic evaluation, fuzzy ordering, preference andconsensus,

Multiobjectivedecisionmaking,FuzzyBayesianDecisionmethod,DecisionmakingunderFuzzy
states and fuzzy actions. Fuzzy classification: Classification by Equivalence Relationscrisp
relations, Fuzzy relations, Cluster validity, CMeans clusteringHard CMeans (HCM). Fuzzy C
Means (FCM), classification Metric, Hardening the Fuzzy Cpartition, similarity relations from
clustering.

TEXTBOOKS:
1.TimothyJ.Ross,Fuzzylogicwithengineeringapplications,McGrawHill,1997
2.KlirandYwan,FizzysetsandFuzzylogic,PrenticeHallofIndia
3.S.Rajasekharan&Y.A.VijayalakshmiPai,NeuralNetworks,Fuzzylogicand
GeneticAlgorithms,PrenticeHallofIndia

REFERENCEBOOK
1.FuzzyNeuralControl:Principles,AlgorithmsandapplicationsbyNieandLinkens,PHI.
33

CESP526/2
OPTIMIZATIONTECHNIQUES
UNITI
ClassicalOptimizationTechniquesSinglevariableoptimizationMultivariableoptimizationwith
no constraints Hessian matrix Multivariable saddle point Optimisation with equality
constraints Lagrange multiplier method Multivariableoptimization with inequality
constraintsKuhnTuckerconditions.
UNITII
One dimensional unconstrained minimization.Elimination methods unrestricted search
method Fibonacci method Interpolation methods Quadratic interpolation and cubic
interpolationmethods.Unconstrainedminimization.Gradientofafunctionsteepestdescent
methodNewtonsmethodPowellsmethodHookeandJeevesmethod.
UNITIII
IntegerLinearprogrammingproblemGomoryscuttingplanemethodGomorysmethodfor
allintegerprogrammingproblems,mixedintegerprogrammingproblems.Networktechniques.
Shortest path model Dijkstras algorithm Floyds algorithm minimum spanning tree
problemPRIMalgorithmMaximalflowproblemalgorithm.
UNITIV
Genetic Algorithms, Basic Concepts, Working Principle, Encoding, Fitness Function,
Reproduction.
TEXTBOOKS:
1. OptimizationtheoryandapplicationS.S.Rao,NewAgeInternationalPLtd.
2. Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithms Synthesis and Applications by
S.Rajasekaran,G.A.VijayalakshmiPai,PrenticeHallofIndiaPublishing,2007.
REFERENCEBOOKS:

1.OptimisationconceptsandapplicationsinEngineeringA.D.Belegundu,T.R.Chandrupatla,
PearsonEducationAsia.

34

CESP526/3
ORTHOGONALFREQUENCYDIVISIONMULTIPLEXING

UNITI

OFDMTRANSMISSIONOVERWIDEBANDCHANNELS
Evolution and Applications of OFDM Choice of OFDM Modulation Performance over
AWGNchannelsClippingamplificationAIDconversion PhasenoiseWidebandchannel
modelsEffectsoftimedispersivechannelsChanneltransferfunctionestimationSystem
performanceandintersubcarriercancellation.

UNITII

TIMEANDFREQUENCYDOMAINSYNCRONIZATION
Performance with Frequency and Timing errors Synchronization algorithms omparison of
frequency acquisition algorithms BER performance with frequency synchronization OFDM
synchronizationperformance.

UNITIII

ADAPTIVESINGLEANDMULTUSEROFDM
Adaptive modulation Adaptive OFDM speech system Preequalization Comparison of
adaptivetechniquesPowerandSitallocationalgorithmsMultiuserAOFDMBlockcoded
AOFDM.AdaptivemodulationschemesforOFDM.PMEPRanalysisofOFDMsystems

UNITIV

OPTICALOFDM
Basic configuration Spectra! Efficiency Transmission over SMF and MivlF M/D system
WirelessoverOptical...100ps/div.OpticalcomponentsDiv..PAPRreductiontechniques
PowerefficientOpticalOFDMDispersioncompensation.

TEXTBOOKS

1.LajosHanzo,M.yunster,B.J.Cho!andT.Keller,OFDMandMCCOMAforBroadbandMulti
userCommunicationsWLANsandBroadcasting,JohnWileyandsons,IEEEpress,2003.

2.RamjeePrasad,OFDMforwirelessCommunicationSystems,ArtechHouse
Publishers,2004.

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CESP561SIGNALPROCESSINGLABS
S.No.

ListofExperiments

1. ProgramtoperformEdgedetectionusingseveraloperators.
2. ProgramtoperformImagecompressionusingJPEGstandard.
3. Programtoimplementvariousspatialandfrequencydomainfiltersforimages.
4. Programtoimplementenhancementtechniquesforcolorimages.
5. ProgramtoperformPointdetection&Linedetection.
6. Programtoseparatetheframesinavideoandprocessthem.
7. ImplementationofDigitalDataScrambler.
8. ImplementationofDigitalDataDescrambler.
9. ImplementationofConvolutionalEncoder.
10. ImplementationofViterbidecoder.
11. ImplementationofAdaptiveFilter.
12. ProgramtoperformLinearconvolutionusingDSPProcessor.
13. ProgramtoperformCircularconvolutionusingDSPProcessor.
14. ProgramtoperformFFToperationusingDSPProcessor.
15. ProgramtoperformDFToperationusingDSPProcessor.

Note:Aminimumof10(ten)experimentshavetobeperformedandrecordedbythecandidate
toattaineligibilityfortheuniversitypracticalexamination.

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