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SME 3023
TRENDS AND ISSUES IN EDUCATION FOR
MATHEMATICAL AND SCEINCE
SEM. 1 SESSION 2014/2015
LECTURER: DR. MOHD.FAIZAL NIZAM LEE BIN ABDULLAH
GROUP MEMBERS:
NAME
MATRIC NUMBER
1. SIM WEI NA
D20121058475
D20121058479
Introduction
It is important to select the proper instructional approach for a specific learning outcome in
teaching a particular subject. A teacher can combine more than two approaches to provide
teaching strategies that help students solve problems think critically and work cooperatively.
Teaching approaches gives the overall wisdom; it provides direction and sets expectations to the
entire spectrum of the teaching process.
In this situation, students need to gather the data themselves with the teachers guide. The
teacher only will explain on how to collect the data, while students will work by
themselves to get the data. With the collected data, students need to interpret and comes
out with a pie chart or bar chart as a conclusion which is representing the interpreted data.
b) Inquiry Approach
Inquiry approach more focused on using and learning content as a means to develop information
processing and problem solving skills. It is a way to seeking for information by asking questions.
From the point of view of teaching and learning, the concept of inquiry gives premium to the
process of discovering what may be help in motivating and in facilitating proper accumulation of
knowledge. This approach is a student centered because they are expected to become more
analytical and less gullible. When students have adopted the spirit of inquiry, they become more
curious and observant individuals.
i) Characteristics
Inquiry approach is a search for truth, information or knowledge. The questions should
proceed from the very factual to thought-provoking questions. This means the questions
must be from the what questions to the how and why questions. This type of
questions will emphasize the development of the qualities of the students mind as
curiosity, skepticism and intellectual honesty. The inquiry approach is a systematic
method of studying a problem by asking questions to them which will increase their
curiosity to search the answer.
This type of question will increase the curiosity of students on how to solve this question.
This will lead them to find the ways or steps on how to solve this question. By this,
students will be more understand and they can interpret the information to be more
accurate.
c) Conceptual Approach
Conceptual approach means categorization of content from simple to complex level. It is a
simple act of recalling facts will suffice like asking students to state certain phenomena that they
observe. This approach is different from other approaches, because it is using the content as a
means of leading the students to discover the laws and principles or generalizations that govern a
particular subject. This approach uses hierarchy as below:
d) Unified Approach
Unified approach is defined as treating relationships that exist among the significant components
making up a given body of knowledge. It is a process of weaving and integrating topics into a
general framework or a conceptual scheme. In a simple way it can be said, a teacher does not
treat each concept as an island by itself but rather he or she relates the previously learned
concepts with the new concept, until the students can understand the interrelationships among the
various concepts. It leads the students to a meaningful learning because this approach requires
the students to undergo different processes like comparison, linking up, predicting the results and
also synthesis. The students will learn on how to connect two or more concepts in finding a
solution.
i) Characteristics
Unified approach is highly cognitive because the subject content is viewed as a system of
interrelated and independent elements. Its primary aim is to enhance the students
learning by making them view things in their entirety or totality.
101+27 =
When answering this question, student will find the relationships among the concepts by
integrate the two chapters. Finally, they will understand the facts that the sum of two odd
numbers is an even number.
e) Process Approach
The process approach focuses on the steps involved in creating a piece of work. It is a teaching
of knowledge in a way to develop the students learning skills. Students are actively engaged in
the activities so the competencies needed in the subject could eventually be acquired by them.
For instance, if they are given a problem solving questions, they should actually try to solute the
question rather than spend time on the theoretical on how to solve the question.
i) The Essence of the Process Approach Lies on Three Major Points:
It centers upon the idea that what is taught to students should be functional and
not theoretical (e.g. if a student wants to study mathematics, he should practice a
lot of questions not just read theoretical. If he practice, then only he can
understand more about the topic)
Conclusion
A good teacher needs as well good strategies of handling and presenting the lessons. There are
various approaches that can guide effective teaching learning process. Not all approaches are
suitable to teach all chapters. There are certain approaches which is not suitable for some topics.
So, a teacher must be very careful when choosing an approach for the learning process.
Recognizing the importance of these approaches surely put teacher to better planning,
implementing and evaluating his instruction.
References
Borich G. (2011): Effective Teaching Methods, Research-Based Practice, 7th edition.,
Pearson Education.
Burden P.R.; Byrd D.M., A.B. (2010): Methods for Effective Teaching, Meeting the needs
of All Students, Pearson Education.
Article Discovery Learning (Bruner) retrieved on 23rd November 2014 from:
http://www.learning-theories.com/discovery-learning-bruner.html
Article The Discovery Approach retrieved on 16th November 2014 from:
http://www.organizational-edge.com/edgeology/the-discovery-approach/
Hakuta, K., & Garcia, E. (1989). Bilingualism and education. American Psychologist, 44, 374-379.