WTA Topic 4 :

Extensible Stylesheet
Language (XSL)
1

Topics:

XSL







Learn how XSL can transform XML documents into other

formats such as HTML.
XSL stylesheet consists of a set of rules called
templates.
Use XSLT to output an XML source document into an
XML result document.
Use XPATH expressions in matching patterns to locate
parts of an XML document.
Sorting and filtering xml data (using XSLT).
Creating Conditional Statements.

Introduction

XSL stands for EXtensible Stylesheet Language,

and is a style sheet language for XML documents.
XSLT stands for XSL Transformations.
How to use XSLT to transform XML documents
into other formats, like XHTML.
CSS = Style Sheets for HTML
XSL = Style Sheets for XML
XSL can also be used to format data based on its
value; ex: to display negative numbers in a
financial report in red.
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XSL consists of three parts

XSLT


XPATH


a language for transforming XML documents

into XHTML.

a language used by XSLT to locate elements

and/or attributes within an XML documents

XSL-FO


(Formatting Objects) a language for specifying

formatting properties for rendering the XML
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documents

XSL

XSL can filter and sort XML data using the

criteria you define, as well as format its
display based on the value of the data
itself.

When the data is output, you can use XSL

to send your XML data to various devices,
including handheld devices, print, or voice
output.
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XSLT Processing
reformatted.xsl
XSLT
Stylesheet

XSLT
Processor

reformatted.xml
(Reformatted XML
Document)

mydocument.xml
(XML
Document)

XSLT Processing

XSLT is used to transform XML Documents

with XSL.

Can transform XML to XHTML format to be

recognized by the browser, XSLT does this
by converting each XML element into an
XHTML element.

XSLT is a template-based programming

language.
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XSLT Template

It can introduce new XML elements into the output

document it creates, or remove others.

Change the order of elements and choose which to display

and which to hide.

Create multiple views of the same source document to let

your data be displayed on a broad variety of devices.

Summary: XSLT lets different kinds of software applications

exchange XML-enabled data with one another.

XML Source Tree into XML Result Tree

<staffdirectory>
<employee>
<firstname>Lisa</firstname>
<lastname>Derik</lastname>
</employee>
<employee>
<firstname>Bill</firstname>
<lastname>Stark</lastname>
</employee>
</staffdirectory>

<table>
<tr>
<th>First Name</th>
<th>Last Name</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Lisa</td>
<td>Derik</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bill</td>
<td>Stark</td>
</tr>
</table>

Working

For XSLT transformation



Two documents required XML source document

and an XSLT stylesheet to create a single
result document.

XSLT uses


XPATH to define parts of the XML source

document that match one or more predefined
templates.

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Details of XSL Stylesheet

Since an XSL is an XML document, it must begin with an XML

declaration:
<?xml version="1.0"?>

Every XSL stylesheet needs to identify the XSL namespace (xslns)

so that the parser knows what version of XSLT to use.

Hence the next statement defines a root element called

<xsl:stylesheet> or <xsl:tranform>.
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
or
<xsl:transform version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">

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Details of XSL Stylesheet

Later the prefix xsl: is used throughout

the rest of the XSL stylesheet to identify
all XSL processing statements.

If theres no xsl: at the beginning of a

bracketed tag, then that element is simply
copied to the output file without any
processing taking place. Thus with this we
can add HTML tags.
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Example : catalog1.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl"
href="xslcatalogs1.xsl"?>
<!DOCTYPE CATALOGS [
<!ELEMENT CATALOGS (BOOK)*>
<!ELEMENT BOOK (BOOKNAME, AUTHORNAME,
ISBN, PUBLISHER, PAGES?, PRICE)>
<!ELEMENT BOOKNAME (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT AUTHORNAME (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT ISBN (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT PUBLISHER (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT PAGES (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT PRICE (#PCDATA)>
]>
<CATALOGS>
<BOOK>
<BOOKNAME>Oracle 8i</BOOKNAME>
<AUTHORNAME>Richard
Gosling</AUTHORNAME>
<ISBN>0-07-913702-4</ISBN>
<PUBLISHER>BPB Publications</PUBLISHER>
<PAGES>393</PAGES>
<PRICE>410.00</PRICE>
</BOOK>

<BOOK>
<BOOKNAME>XML in Action</BOOKNAME>
<AUTHORNAME>William J.
Pardi</AUTHORNAME>
<ISBN>0-07-914702-9</ISBN>
<PUBLISHER>Microsoft Press</PUBLISHER>
<PAGES>492</PAGES>
<PRICE>470.00</PRICE>
</BOOK>
<BOOK>
<BOOKNAME>XML to code</BOOKNAME>
<AUTHORNAME>Jesse Liberty</AUTHORNAME>
<ISBN>1-861000-95-2</ISBN>
<PUBLISHER>Wrox Press</PUBLISHER>
<PAGES>393</PAGES>
<PRICE>560.00</PRICE>
</BOOK>
<BOOK>
<BOOKNAME>Java Unleashed</BOOKNAME>
<AUTHORNAME>James
Spencer</AUTHORNAME>
<ISBN>0-7456-0964-1</ISBN>
<PUBLISHER>Techmedia
Publications</PUBLISHER>
<PAGES>491</PAGES>
<PRICE>670.00</PRICE>
</BOOK>
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</CATALOGS>

Example 1 : xslcatalogs1.xsl
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
<html>
<body>
<center><h1 style="background:blue">Catalogs Book Information</h1></center>
<table align="center" border="1">
<tr style="font-weight:bold; font-size:18">
<td>BOOK NAME</td>
<td>AUTHOR NAME</td>
<td>ISBN</td>
<td>PUBLISHER</td>
<td>PAGES</td>
<td>PRICE</td>
</tr>
<xsl:for-each select=CATALOGS/BOOK">
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of select="BOOKNAME"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="AUTHORNAME"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="ISBN"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="PUBLISHER"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="PAGES"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="PRICE"/></td>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each> </table>
</body>
</html>
catalog1.xml
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

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XSL uses Templates

The <xsl:template match=/> Element





The <xsl:template> element is used to build templates.

The match attribute indicates where to look for a match
between the XML and XSL documents.
The value of the match attribute is an XPath expression
(i.e. match="/" defines the whole document).

XSLT <xsl:value-of> Element




Is used to extract the value of a selected node.

<xsl:value-of select="BOOKNAME"/>

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Filtering

XSLT <xsl:for-each> Element



The <xsl:for-each> element allows you to do looping in

XSLT

Filtering the Output



We can also filter the output from the XML file by adding a
criterion to the select attribute in the <xsl:for-each>
element.

<xsl:for-each select=CATALOGS/BOOK[PAGES=393']">

Legal filter operators are:

= (equal)
!= (not equal)
&lt; (less than)
&gt; (greater than)
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Sorting

XSLT <xsl:sort> Element

 The <xsl:sort> element is used to sort the
output.
 Ex : to sort the catalog as per book name in
alphabetical order
 <xsl:for-each select=CATALOGS/BOOK/>
 <xsl:sort select=BOOKNAME/>

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Example 2 : xslcatalogs2.xsl
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
<html>
<body>
<center><h1 style="background:blue">Catalogs Book Information</h1></center>
<table align="center" border="1">
<tr style="font-weight:bold; font-size:18">
<td>BOOK NAME</td>
<td>AUTHOR NAME</td>
<td>ISBN</td>
<td>PUBLISHER</td>
<td>PAGES</td>
<td>PRICE</td>
</tr>
<xsl:for-each select=CATALOGS/BOOK">
<xsl:sort select=BOOKNAME/>
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of select="BOOKNAME"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="AUTHORNAME"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="ISBN"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="PUBLISHER"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="PAGES"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="PRICE"/></td>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each> </table>
</body> </html>
catalog2.xml
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

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Conditional Statement

The <xsl:if> element





Is used to put a conditional test attribute,

against the content of the XML file.
Ex: to display books only with price less than
500 rupees.
<xsl:if test=PRICE&lt;500>.</xsl:if>

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Example 3 : xslcatalogs3.xsl
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
<html>
<body>
<center><h1 style="background:blue">Catalogs Book Information</h1></center>
<table align="center" border="1">
<tr style="font-weight:bold; font-size:18">
<td>BOOK NAME</td>
<td>AUTHOR NAME</td>
<td>ISBN</td>
<td>PUBLISHER</td>
<td>PAGES</td>
<td>PRICE</td>
</tr>
<xsl:for-each select=CATALOGS/BOOK">
<xsl:if test=PRICE&lt;500>
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of select="BOOKNAME"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="AUTHORNAME"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="ISBN"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="PUBLISHER"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="PAGES"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="PRICE"/></td>
</tr>
</xsl:if>
</xsl:for-each> </table> </body> </html>
catalog3.xml
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

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Multiple Choices

The <xsl:choose> element



Is used in conjunction with <xsl:when> and

<xsl:otherwise> to express multiple conditional tests.

Syntax
<xsl:choose>
<xsl:when test="expression">
... some output ...
</xsl:when>
<xsl:otherwise>
... some output ....
</xsl:otherwise>
</xsl:choose>

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Example 4.1 of choose(xml file)

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="xchoose.xsl"?>
<catalog>
<cd>
<title>Empire Burlesque</title>
<artist>Bob Dylan</artist>
<country>USA</country>
<company>Columbia</company>
<price>10.90</price>
<year>1985</year>
</cd>
<cd>
<title>Still got the blues</title>
<artist>Gary Moore</artist>
<country>UK</country>
<company>HM records</company>
<price>10.20</price>
<year>1990</year>
</cd>
<cd>
<title>Eros</title>
<artist>Eros Ramazzotti</artist>
<country>EU</country>
<company>BMG</company>
<price>9.90</price>
<year>1997</year>
</cd>
<cd>
<title>Unchain my heart</title>
<artist>Joe Cocker</artist>
<country>USA</country>
<company>EMI</company>
<price>8.20</price>
<year>1987</year>
</cd>
</catalog>

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If we want to display the cd details from the

XML file in a table and highlight the artist
where cd price is > 10 in a different color.

Example 4.1 of choose(xsl file)

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
<html>
<body>
<h2>My CD Collection</h2>
<table border="1">
<tr bgcolor="#9acd32">
<th>Title</th>
<th>Artist</th>
</tr>
<xsl:for-each select="catalog/cd">
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of select="title"/></td>
<xsl:choose>
<xsl:when test="price&gt;'10'">
<td bgcolor="#ff00ff">
<xsl:value-of select="artist"/>
</td>
</xsl:when>
<xsl:otherwise>
<td><xsl:value-of select="artist"/></td>
</xsl:otherwise>
</xsl:choose>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
</table>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

xchoose.xml

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If we want to present the contents of our XML

file in a table and highlight the rows a different
color depending on the type of food it is.

Example 4.2 of choose(xml file)

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href=foodchoose.xsl"?>
<food_list>
<food_item type="vegetable">
<name>Agar</name>
<carbs_per_serving>81</carbs_per_serving>
<fiber_per_serving>8</fiber_per_serving>
<fat_per_serving>0.5</fat_per_serving>
<kj_per_serving>1280</kj_per_serving>
</food_item>
<food_item type="vegetable">
<name>Asparagus</name>
<carbs_per_serving>1</carbs_per_serving>
<fiber_per_serving>1</fiber_per_serving>
<fat_per_serving>0</fat_per_serving>
<kj_per_serving>40</kj_per_serving>
</food_item>
<food_item type="vegetable">
<name>Cabbage</name>
<carbs_per_serving>0</carbs_per_serving>
<fiber_per_serving>1</fiber_per_serving>
<fat_per_serving>0</fat_per_serving>
<kj_per_serving>14</kj_per_serving>
</food_item>
<food_item type="vegetable">
<name>Potato</name>
<carbs_per_serving>21.5</carbs_per_serving>
<fiber_per_serving>2</fiber_per_serving>
<fat_per_serving>1</fat_per_serving>
<kj_per_serving>460</kj_per_serving>
</food_item>
:
:
</food_list>

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To select attribute use @attribute_name.

Example 4.2 of choose(xml file)

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
<xsl:apply-templates/>
</xsl:template>

<td><xsl:value-of select="carbs_per_serving"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="fiber_per_serving"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="fat_per_serving"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="kj_per_serving"/></td>
</tr>
</xsl:when>
<xsl:otherwise>
<tr style="background-color:#cccccc">
<td><xsl:value-of select="name"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="carbs_per_serving"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="fiber_per_serving"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="fat_per_serving"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="kj_per_serving"/></td>
</tr>
</xsl:otherwise>
</xsl:choose>
</xsl:for-each>
</table>
</xsl:template>

<xsl:template match="food_list">
<table>
<tr style="background-color:#ccff00">
<th>Food Item</th>
<th>Carbs (g)</th>
<th>Fiber (g)</th>
<th>Fat (g)</th>
<th>Energy (kj)</th>
</tr>
<xsl:for-each select="food_item">
<xsl:choose>
<xsl:when test="@type = 'grain'">
<tr style="background-color:#cccc00">
</xsl:stylesheet>
<td><xsl:value-of select="name"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="carbs_per_serving"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="fiber_per_serving"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="fat_per_serving"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="kj_per_serving"/></td>
</tr>
</xsl:when>
<xsl:when test="@type = 'vegetable'">
<tr style="background-color:#00cc00">
<td><xsl:value-of select="name"/></td>

food.xml

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Applying Templates

The select attribute that appears in <xsl:apply-templates> element

processes only the child element that matches the value shown.
<xsl:template match=essay>
<h2><xsl:apply-templates select=subhead/></h2>
</xsl:template>
If the value is set to an asterisk, all child nodes of the current
element would be selected.
<xsl:template match=essay>
<h2><xsl:apply-templates select=*/></h2>
</xsl:template>
If value has to be set only to certain child elements then separate
with pipe character.
<xsl:template match=/>
<h2><xsl:apply-templates select=client/name |
client/address/></h2>
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</xsl:template>

Example 5 : xsltemplate.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl"
href="xsltemplate.xsl"?>
<school>
<student>
<roll>678</roll>
<name>
<first>Harsh</first>
<last>Mehta</last>
</name>
<course>
<year>BTech</year>
<trim>12</trim>
<branch>IT</branch>
</course>
</student>

<student>
<roll> 782 </roll>
<name>
<first>Smita</first>
<last>Londhe</last>
</name>
<course>
<year>MBATech</year>
<trim>12</trim>
<branch>Computer</branch>
</course>
</student>
</school>

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Example 5 : xsltemplate.xsl
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl=http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform>
<xsl:template match="school">
<h2><xsl:apply-templates
select="student/name"/></h2>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
xsltemplate.xml

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Example 6 : xslplanes.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="xslplanes.xsl"?>
<planes>
<plane>
<year> 1977 </year>
<make> Cessna </make>
<model> Skyhawk </model>
<color> Light blue and white </color>
</plane>
<plane>
<year> 1975 </year>
<make> Piper </make>
<model> Apache </model>
<color> White </color>
</plane>
</planes>

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Example 6 : xslplanes.xsl
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="planes">
<html>
<body>
<h2>Airplane Descriptions</h2>
<xsl:for-each select="plane">
<span style="font-style: italic"> Year: </span>
<xsl:value-of select="year" /><br />
<span style="font-style: italic"> Make: </span>
<xsl:value-of select="make" /><br />
<span style="font-style: italic"> Model: </span>
<xsl:value-of select="model" /><br />
<span style="font-style: italic"> Color: </span>
<xsl:value-of select="color" /><br /><br />
</xsl:for-each>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

xslplanes.xml

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XPath

XPath is used to navigate through

elements and attributes in an XML
document.

XPath is a major element in the W3C's

XSL standard. An understanding of XPath
is fundamental for advanced use of XML.

Without any XPath knowledge, you will not

be able to create XSLT documents.
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XSL-FO

XSL-FO describes the formatting of XML

data for output to screen, paper or other
media.

XSL-FO documents are XML files with

information about the output layout and
output content.

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