1) when time is 4:40...

then m =40 and h =4

there 5.5*40-30*4=220-120=100 degrees is the angle

2)In a quadratic eqn

Maxima / Minima occurs at b/2a
Maximum / Minimum value is (4ac b2) / 4a

3) inradius is always lesser than half of the least altitude.

4)if roots are in HP then make it into AP .

Ax^2-4x+1=0
now roots are in AP so equation turns into :- x^2-4x+A=0

5) range of base :-say digit n and base y so y^(n-1) <k< y^(n)-1

6)when two circles are of same radius are overlapped with center common area is 1/2 (4*pi /3 - root
3) r^2

7)sin 15 = ( rt6 - rt2 ) / 4

cos15 = rt2 ( rt3 + 1 ) / 4

sin(18) = (5 - 1)/4
cos(18) = *(10 + 25)+ / 4

cos36 = (1/4) [ 1 + sqrt5]

sin(36) = *(10 - 25)+ / 4

8)Angle between minute hand and hour hand at x minute past h hrs is 11m/2-30*h= angle

Ex find time between 7 and 8 when the hands of a clock are at right angles..so +-90=11m/2 -30*7
Solving we get minute m

9)If a quantity is increased by a% then b% then Avg % change is GM of multiplying factor of %

changes

= (sqrt (1.a*1.b) - 1)*100

10) n! > 2^n for all n4

11)for any integer n1, 2^2n1 is divisible by 3

12)n!<(n+1/2 )^n ,for n=2,3,4,...

13)If p is a prime number then (p^2 - 1) is always divisble by 24 where p>3

14)Fermats Little Theorem. a^p mod p = p ===> a^p-1 mod p = 1 where a & p are co-prime to each
other.

15)area of regular octagon is 2(2+1)s^2 where s= length of side

16)If '1 to n' persons are arranged in a circular manner and if a person is to be chosen by removing
alternate persons starting from number 1 then last person remaining will bewrite n= 2^p + m; where m is left over...Answer would be 2m
if alternate persons are removed starting from number 2 then answer would be 2m+1.

17)3 dice -sum will range from 3 to 18, No of ways of getting a sum 3,18 -1 way
4,17 - 3 ways

5,16 - 6 ways
6,15 - 10 Ways
7,14 - 15 ways
8,13 - 21 ways
till this it forms a triangular no series.
9,12 - 25 ways and 10,11 - 27 ways.

18)If m parallel lines are intersected by family of other n parallel lines then the total number of
parallelograms so formed is C(m,2) * C(n,2)

19)sum of squares of diagonals of trapezium= sum of squares of non parallel sides+2*product of

parallel sides.

20)If |x| +|y|=a, then the area of the region bounded by the given curve will be 2a^2, This is also
valid when |x+k|+|y+k|=a

21) N=p^a*q^b*r^c....
no of coprime pairs= [ (a+1)^2-a^2][ (b+1)^2-b^2][ (c+1)^2-c^2]+1 /2

22)Total integral soln = 2(no.of factors of n^2) - 1

23)any single digit number n repeated p-1 times is divisible by p where p is prime>5
e.g 77777.....77 22 times is divisible by 23

24)area of triangle when length of medians are given say x,y ,z

=(1/3)*sqroot(2(x^2y^2+y^2*z^2+z^2*x^2)-(x^4+y^4+z^4))

25)median of Side a of triangle when sides are given as a,b,c

mA^2=(2b^2+2c^2-a^2)/4

26)matchstick game
n matchsticks on table ,p at max can be taken
winning strategy playing first when:a)person who takes last matchstick wins-n%(p+1) should be no of matchsticks in first draw

b)when person who takes last matchstick loses(n-1)%(p+1) should be taken in first draw given that n is not equal to kp+k+1 where k is any integer
>=0
if n=kp+k+1 no matter what first player do he can't win

if in a game a move consists of picking a or b sticks with a<b

then if ((n-1)%(a+b))%(2a)>=a first cannot win
else
if(n-1)%(a+b)>b then take a sticks out
and if (n-1)%(a+b)<a then take b sticks out.

27)In a triangle 1/r = 1/h1 + 1/h2 + 1/h3 where r=inradius and h1, h2, h3 are height of the triangle.

28)X% and Y% Successive Inrease/Decrease overall (X+Y+XY/100)%

29) one-one function (injection) : A one-one function from A to B is possible from A to B if n(A)<=n(B)
& if n(A) =m and n(B) = n then number of one to one function is nPm

30) onto function(surjection) is possible from A to B if n(A)>=n(B) & if n(A)=m ,n(B)=n then number
of onto functions is n^m-nC1(n-1)^m+nC2(n-2)^m......+...

31)bijection (both one-one and onto): possible if n(A)=n(B) & if a set A has n elements no. of
bijections from A to B is n!

32)x^n+y^n=c^n has no solution for n>2 fermats last theorem

33)x^4+y^4=(x^2+2y^2-root(2xy))(x^2+2y^2+root(2xy)) germaine theorem

34)any formula for finding the maximum number of points of intersections of

diagonals in 1)convex n-polygon 2) regular n- polygon

35)for regular polygon no of intersection =(n^4-6n^3+11n^2-6n)/24 when n is odd

and for even it is (n^4-6n^3+11n^2-6n)/24 -2(for every 3 diagonal crossing) -5(for every 4 crossing) 9(for every 5crossing)
yaad kar sakta hai koi to lo-1, 5, 13, 35, 49, 126, 161, 330, 301, 715, 757, 1365, 1377, 2380, 1837, 3876, 3841, 5985, 5941, 8855,
7297, 12650, 12481, 17550, 17249,

36)median of Side a of triangle when sides are given as a,b,c

mA=Square root [(2b^2+2c^2-a^2)/4]. This comes from Apollonius theorem. Square root was
missing Swapnil Joshi

37)If we have two containers, container 1 is containing "a" litters of milk and container 2 is also
containing "a" litters of water.

If we pour "b" litters of pure milk from container 1 to 2 and then "b" litters of solution from
container 2 to 1, and repeat the process then

Then ratio of milk & water in containers would be

During first process, Ratio = a:b
During second process, Ratio = a^2 + b^2 : 2ab

During third process, Ratio = a^3 + 3ab^2 : 3a^2b + b^3

assume ratio after any process is 76:49, it means if we talk about container 1 , milk should be more ,
so 76:49 is milk:water in container 1 and this would ratio of water : milk in container 2.

38)if p! ends with k zeroes ,k can take gif(p/5}+1 values for p>=0

39)if there are m circles no of ways they intersect =m(m-1)

40)2^(20k+10) has last two digits as 24.

2^(20k) has last two digits as 76

41)if sides of rectangle are coprime then no of squares cut by diagonal =a+b-1

42)tournament
knockout
1)no of matches=no of players or n-1
2)no of rounds= no of bits of n when expressed in binary
3)the rth match in round 1 will be played between seed r and n+1-r
4)if there are no upsets then rth match in pth round will be played between seed r and seed (n/2p 1) +1 -r

43)tournament
roundrobin
1)no of matches = n/2* (n-1) where n is no of players
2)if n is even (n-1) rounds are there with n/2 games in each
3)if n is odd n rounds are there with (n-1)/2 games with 1 not playing

minimum wins to qualify next round 1/(n-3) (sigma i=0 to n-4)i

minimum wins to guarantee qualification 1/(n-3) sigma i=1 to n-3 (n-i)

44)if we have to color the graph such that no adjacent sides have same colors a maximum of 4 colors
are needed to color any graph

45)A Mbius strip of half-width w with midcircle of radius R and at height z=0 can be represented
parametrically by
x=[R+scos(1/2t)]cost
(1)y=[R+scos(1/2t)]sint
(2)z =ssin(1/2t),

46)vornicu schur identity

for real non negative numbers x,y,z if x+z>=y
then x(a-b)(a-c) + y(b-c)(b-a) +z(c-a)(c-b)>=0

47)SFFT (simons favorite factoring trick)

xy+xk+yj+jk=(x+j)(y+k). .

48)if n > 1 and n is not equal to 6, then 2n 1 has a prime divisor not dividing any 2k 1 with k < n.

49) SI% = n*r CI% = n*r +r^2/100 *n(n-1)/2

50)vornicu schur identity

for real non negative numbers x,y,z if x+z>=y
then x(a-b)(a-c) + y(b-c)(b-a) +z(c-a)(c-b)>=0

^ here a,b and c are.?

51)Sophie Germain Identity => a^4+4b^4 = (a^2+2b^2+2ab)(a^2+2b^2-2ab)

52)The two hands of a clock will be together between H and (H+1) o' clock
at (60H / 11)minutes past H o' clock.
2) The two hands of a clock will be in the same straight line but not
together between H and (H + 1) o' clock at
(5H30)*(12/11) minutes past H, when H > 6
(5H+30)*(12/11) minutes past H, when H <6
3) Angle between Hands of a clock
When the minute hand is behind the hour hand, the angle
between the two hands at M minutes past H'o clock
=30(HM/5)+M/2 degree
When the minute hand is ahead of the hour hand, the anglebetween the two
hands at M minutes past H'o clock=30(M/5H)M/2 degree
4) The two hands of the clock will be at right angles between H and (H + 1)
o' clock at
(5H15)12/11 minutes past H 'o clock
5) The minute hand of a clock overtakes the hour hand at intervalsof M
minutes of correct time. The clock gains or loses in a day by=
(720/11M)(6024/M) minutes.

53)For any point P in the plane, with distances p, q, and t from the vertices A, B, and C respectively,

3(p^{4}+q^{4}+t^{4}+a^{4})=(p^{2}+q^{2}+t^{2}+a^{2})^{2}

54)inclusion exclusion: application : when n different things to be arranged in r different boxes such
that each boxes gets atleast one is

r^n -rc1*(r-1)^n + rc2*(r-2)^n - rc3*(r-3)^n...

55)Maximum value of an expression (a^m)(b^n)(c^p)... will occur when (a/m)=(b/n)=(c/p)....

56)For any set of n positive numbers ,Arithmetic Mean >= Geometric Mean >=Harmonic mean The
equality occurs only when all the numbers are equal .This can be used if the sum(or product ) of
some numbers are given and the maximum(or minimum) value of the product(or sum ) is asked ...

57) For any prime number p, (p-1)times same digit is repeated , then that number formed is exactly
divisible by peg. 666666 is divisible by 7.

58)For any two integers satisfying, 3a^b > b^A

59)If three circles touch Each other in a row and they have two direct common tangents, then their
radii are in GP series

60)f a n digit number is multiplied by an (n+1) digit number , the product has 2n or (2n+1) digits.

61)Any nth degree polynomial has exactly n roots. So if f(x) is a polynomial which does not have a
root at 0 (which can be determined by inspection) then the minimum number of complex roots is
equal to

n-(p+q),\,
where p denotes the maximum number of positive roots, q denotes the maximum number of
negative roots (both of which can be found using Descartes' rule of signs), and n denotes the degree
of the equation.

62)HCF of (a^m) -1 and (a^n)-1 is a^ (hcf of m,n) - 1

63)Raj Theron Difference between SI* and CI for the third year=Pr^2(r+3*)where r=(R/100) and P is
the amount and R is the rate of interest.Please cross check.

64)No of digits used to write 1 to 2^(n)-1 terms in binary =1*2^0+ 2*2^1+3*2^2..+n*2^(n-1).

65)total no of 1's used in above= n*2^(n-1) Total no of 0's used=no of digits-no of 1's

66)if n identical dice are thrown ,no of distinct possible outcomes =C(n+5,5)

67)n identical dice are thrown ,no of distinct possible outcomes (Unordered) = 5n+1 (All possible
distinct sum)

68)Number of positive integral solution (possible sets of a, b, c) that can satisfy a^n + b^n = c^n
where n= (integer >2) is = 0

69)if X^2+Y^2=N^2 , What is the number of Integral ordered pairs of (x,y)

70) Infinite monkey theorem:The infinite monkey theorem states that a monkey hitting keys at
random on a typewriter keyboard for an infinite amount of time will almost surely type a given text,
such as the complete works of William Shakespeare.

71)no of triangle with integer side=<(n+3)^2/48> where<>is nearest integer and n(perimeter) is odd
or <n^2/48> when n is even.
no of scalene triangle with integer side= in formula above substitute n=n-6.
no of isosceles triangle with integer side n= total triangle-scalene,

72)Regular polygons---> n: sides a: length of each side R:circum-circle r: incircle R=

acosec(180/n)x1/2 Area of polygon = nR^2sin(180/n)cos(180/n) r= acot(180/n)x1/2 area =
pier^2cot(180/n) here area calculated is of polygon through R and r

73)Area of a regular polygon inscribed in a circle of radius r =

Area = (nr^2)/2*sin(2Pi/n) ---> n no fo sides.
Perimeter - 2nr*sin(Pi/n)