PROJECT REPORT

ON

PROTECT OUR SHELTER FROM

LEAKAGE OF LPG GAS USING GSM
TECHNIQUE

SUBMITTED BY
Sr. No.

Name of the Student

Roll No.

1.

JAY MUDBIDRI

29

2.

VIKAS TIWARI

44

3.

RAHUL GUPTA

21

4.

SRIKANT YADAV

06

Department Industrial Electronics

SHREE RAM POLYTECHNIC

AIROLI, NAVI MUMBAI 400 708

CONTENTS
Sr.
No.

Title

Page No.

1.

Abstract.

2.

Introduction..

3.

Block Diagram & Explanation..

4.

Flowchart.

15

5.

Circuit Diagram.

16

6.

Conclusion and Future Scope..

17

7.

Applications

17

1. ABSTRACT
LPG gas detection projects main idea is to implement security system
for detecting leakage of gas in closed environment. In this project gas leakage is
identified by using sensors which works only in closed environment. In present
situation there are many cases related to gas leakage which cause innocent
people lives and property damage. Implementing this application can be useful
for companies, houses, which can save lives of people.

The presence of dangerous LPG leakage in the cars, service station or in the
storage tank environment can be detected using the Ideal Gas Sensor. This unit
can be easily integrated into a unit that can sound an alarm or give a visual
suggestion of the LPG concentration. The sensor has both admirable sensitivity
and rapid response time. This sensor can also be used to sense other gases like
ISO-butane, propane, LNG and even cigarette smoke.
The output of the sensor goes LOW as soon as the LPG sensor senses any gas
leakage from the storage. This is detected by the microcontroller and the LED &
buzzer is turned ON. After the delay of few milliseconds, the exhaust fan is also
turned ON for throwing the gas out and it continues sending message as GAS
LEAKAGE to a mobile number which is pre-defined.

2. INTRODUCTION
LPG gas is supplied in pressurized steel cylinders. As this gas is heavier
than air, when it leaks from a cylinder it flows along floor and tends to settle in
low spots such as a basement. This can cause fire or suffocation if not dealt
with. Here is a circuit that detects the leakage of LPG gas and alerts the user
through audio-visual indications.
This LPG Gas Sensor (MQ6), ideal sensor for use to detect the presence of a
dangerous Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and it has high sensitivity to propane,
butane, isobutene, natural gas. The sensor can also be used to detect
combustible gases, especially methane. This circuit can detect leakages in your
Home, car or in a service station, storage tank environment. This unit can be
easily implemented to industrial level by upgrading its ranges.
This project is designed to detect the LPG from 200parts
per million (PPM) to 10,000 PPM. Whenever there is LPG concentration of
1000 ppm (parts per million) in the area, the OUT pin of the sensor module goes
high. This LPG Gas Sensor can be used to make wireless Gas leak detector in
home security system .The LPG Gas Sensor Module is designed to enable LPG
detection interface to Microcontroller without ADC Channels. By providing a
GSM modem we can receive SMS ALERTS.

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM AND EXPLANATION

Switch

LCD Display

Power, Clock
Reset

MQ6
Gas Sensor

Theft
Sensor

Load
Sensor

Microcontroller

ADC

Relay Driver

RS 232
Reset

Interface

GSM Module

Alarm
Relay

Exhaust
Fan
Relay

3.1. SENSORS:1. GAS SENSOR: MQ-6 Gives analog output as per concentration of
combustible gas in air. Used in gas leakage detecting equipments for
detecting of LPG, ISO-butane, propane, LNG combustible gases. The
sensor does not get trigger with the noise of alcohol, cooking fumes and
cigarette smoke.
2. THEFT SENSOR
3. Tactile Bump Sensors are great for collision detection, but the circuit
itself also works fine for user buttons and switches as well. There are
many designs possible for bump switches, often depending on the design
and goals of the robot itself. But the circuit remains the same. They
usually implement a mechanical button to short the circuit, pulling the
signal line high or low. An example is the micro switch with a lever
attached to increase its range, as shown above.

SCHEMATICS - TACTILE BUMP SENSOR CIRCUIT

4. There are several versions below, depending on how you plan to use the
circuit and your available switches. For the resistor use a very high
value, such as 40kohms.

3.2. MICROCONTROLLER 89S51:

1. The AT89s51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit
microcontroller with 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only
memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Phillipss highdensity nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industrystandard MCS-51 instruction set and pin out.
2. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed insystem or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer.
3. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the
Phillips AT89s51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highlyflexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.
4. The AT89s51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero
frequency and supports two Software selectable power saving modes. The
Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial
port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down Mode
saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip
functions until the next Hardware reset.

3.2.1. FEATURES OF MICROCONTROLLER 89S51:

Compatible with MCS-51 Products
4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory Endurance:
1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
Three-level Program Memory Lock
128 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Two 16-bit Timer/Counters
Six Interrupt Sources
Programmable Serial Channel
Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes

3.2.2. PIN DIAGRAM OF MICROCONTROLLER 89S51

BASIC RESET CIRCUIT

3.3. LCD DISPLAY:

3.3.1 DISPLAY:
1. Various display devices such as seven segment display, LCD display, etc
can be interfaced with microcontroller to read the output directly.
2. In our project we use a two line LCD display with 16 characters each.
LCD Liquid crystal Display (LCD) displays temperature of the measured
element, which is calculated by the microcontroller.
3. CMOS technology makes the device ideal for application in hand held,
portable and other battery instruction with low power consumption.

3.3.2. GENERAL SPECIFICATION:

Drive method: 1/16 duty cycle
Display size: 16 character * 2 lines
Character structure: 5*8 dots.
Display data RAM: 80 characters (80*8 bits)
Character generate ROM: 192 characters
Character generate RAM: 8 characters (64*8 bits)
Both display data and character generator RAMs can be read from MPU.
Internal automatic reset circuit at power ON.
Built in oscillator circuit

3.3.3.Net Media 2x16 Serial LCD Display Module:

3.4. POWER SUPPLY:

1. There are many types of power supply. Most are designed to convert high
voltage AC mains electricity to a suitable low voltage supply for
electronic circuits and other devices.
2. A power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of
which performs a particular function.

For example a 5V regulated supply:

Each of the blocks is described in more detail below:

Transformer - steps down high voltage AC mains to low voltage AC.
Rectifier - converts AC to DC, but the DC output is varying.
Smoothing - smoothes the DC from varying greatly to a small ripple.
Regulator - eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage.
Power supplies made from these blocks are described below with a circuit
diagram and a graph of their output:
Transformer only
Transformer + Rectifier
Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing
Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing + Regulator

10

Transformer only:

The low voltage AC output is suitable for lamps, heaters and special AC
motors. It is not suitable for electronic circuits unless they include a rectifier
and a smoothing capacitor.

Transformer + Rectifier:

The varying DC output is suitable for lamps, heaters and standard motors. It
is not suitable for electronic circuits unless they include a smoothing
capacitor.

11

Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing:

The smooth DC output has a small ripple. It is suitable for most electronic
circuits.

Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing + Regulator:

The regulated DC output is very smooth with no ripple. It is suitable for all
electronic circuits. The fig. above shows the circuit diagram of the power
supply unit. This block mainly consists of a two regulating IC 7805 and a
bridge rectified and it provides a regulated supply approximately 5V.The
transformer used in this circuit has secondary rating of 7.5V. The main
function of the transformer is to step down the AC voltage available from the
main. The main connections are given to its primary winding through a
switch connected to a phase line.

12

The transformer provides a 7.5V AC output at its secondary terminals and

the maximum current that can be drawn from the transformer is 1 Amp
which is well above the required level for the circuit. The bridge rectified the
AC voltage available from the secondary of the transformer, i.e. the bridge
rectifier convert the AC power available into DC power but this DC voltage
available is not constant. It is a unidirectional voltage with varying
amplitude.
To regulate the voltage from the bridge rectifier, capacitors are connected.
Capacitors C1 filter the output voltage of the rectifier but their output is not
regulated and hence 7805 is connected which is specially designed for this
purpose. Although voltage regulators can be designed using op-amps, it is
quicker and easier to use IC voltage regulator. Furthermore, IC voltage
regulators are available with features such as programmable output current/
voltage boosting, internal short circuit current limiting, thermal shut down
and floating operation for high voltage applications.
The 78 XX series consists of three terminals like, input, output & ground.
This is a group of fixed positive voltage regulator to give and output voltage
ranging from 5V to 24V. These ICs are designed as fixed voltage
regulators and with adequate heat sinking, can delivery output current in
excess of 1 Amp although these devices do not require external components
and such components can be used to obtain adjustable voltage and current
limiting. In addition, the difference between the input and output voltages (V
in V0) called the dropout voltage must be typically 2V even from a power
supply filter.
Capacitors C2, C3, C4, and C5 are small filters which are used for extra
filtering.LED1& LED2 are used for Power ON indicator for IC1 and IC2,
current-limiting resistors R2&R4, which prevents the LEDs from getting
heated and thus damaged.

13

3.5. GSM MODULE:

1. A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM
card, and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a
mobile phone. From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem
looks just like a mobile phone.
2. When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the
computer to use the GSM modem to communicate over the mobile
network. While these GSM modems are most frequently used to provide
mobile internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending
and receiving SMS and MMS messages.
3. A GSM modem can be a dedicated modem device with a serial, USB or
Bluetooth connection, or it can be a mobile phone that provides GSM
modem capabilities.
4. For the purpose of this document, the term GSM modem is used as a
generic term to refer to any modem that supports one or more of the
protocols in the GSM evolutionary family, including the 2.5G
technologies GPRS and EDGE, as well as the 3G technologies WCDMA,
UMTS, HSDPA and HSUPA.

14

4. FLOWCHART:

15

5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

16

5. CONCLUSION, FUTURE SCOPE &

APPLICATIONS.
Conclusion:LPG which used in many applications because of its desirable
properties like homes, hostels, industries, vehicles so we can use this device if
there is any gas leakage this system detects gas leakage and if gas leakage
exceeds certain level this system automatically alert the people by sending the
message and alert the people at home by activating the LED, Buzzer and take
the necessary action of preventing the gas leakage.

Future Scope:1. In future the level of LPG gas leakage can be reduced by using Cs2 gas
which will neutralize the value of LPG gas.
2. More facilities for prevention of leakage of LPG can be made available in
all residential areas, Hotels, Hospitals, and Industries etc.
3. In coming generation use of mechanical parts and advanced alarm
process can be more helpful for prevention

Applications:1. This project used as security system in applications like homes, hostels,
industries
2. Because of its low power consumption, reliability, portability this system
used in other applications likes smoke detection and various toxic
harmful gasses.

17