Rapid Assessment Survey of

Children Involved in the

Worst Forms of
Child Labour in
District Haripur, KPK

Provincial Child Labour Unit (PCLU) - Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

(Directorate of Labour)

ACRONYMS
ADCO
BISP
CSOs
DC
EDO
FATA
FGDs
KPK
UNICEF
ILO
PCLU
UC
NGOs
PRA
DASTAR
SPSS
WFCL

Assistant District Coordination Officer

Benazir Income Support Program
Civil Society Organizations
Deputy Commissioner
Executive District Officer
Federally Administrated Tribal Area
Focus Group Discussions
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
United Nation Children Education Fund
International Labour Organization
Provincial Child Labour Union
Union Council
Non-governmental Organization
Participatory Rural Appraisal
Developmental Association for Social Transformation and Action Research
Statistical Package for Social Sciences
Worst form of Child Labour

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary

Profile of District Haripur

Introduction

List of Other form of Child Labour

Rationale of Rapid Assessment

Findings

16

Analysis of WFCL Questioner in four selected Sectors

18

Household Data in District Haripur

58

Information about migration status of the children or their families

66

10

Views of stakeholders

66

11

Recommendations

68

12

Annexure

77

Disclaimer:
The findings of this RA study are applicable only to District Haripur and the sectors studied: including
a) Brick kilns (b) Auto- mobile workshops (c) Wood workshops (d) steel & iron workshops. These
findings may not be generalized to other child labour sectors within the surveyed districts or to any
province, or even to Pakistan.

ii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Child labour refers to the phenomenon where children are forced to work manually, with
adverse effect on their mental and physical health and social and moral potentials thereby
depriving them of their childhood and the opportunity of regular schooling. This is how the
International Labour Organization (ILO), identifies the menace of child labour that afflicts 168 million
children the world over (2012 estimates). The yawning gap between the rich and the poor all over the
world is the main factor responsible for the increasing drop-out rate at school level, forcing millions of
children to join the workforce.
Humanitarian crises have direct impact on child labour situation. The devastating floods in Pakistan in
2010, for instance, increased the level of child labour in the affected areas, while an increasing number
of school drop-outs and a resultant increase in the number of working children were witnessed in the
area in the wake of continued armed conflict and prolonged military operations in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
and FATA.
Unfortunately, Pakistan lacks reliable data on child labour situation, as no comprehensive survey on
child labour was carried out in Pakistan since 1996. This has been a stumbling block in the way of policymaking process in the country at a time when natural calamities and fragile security situation in KPK,
coupled with continued military operations in FATA have resulted in massive internal displacement of
population with alarming increase in the under-aged employment, particularly in the informal sector.
However, ILO estimates that the number of child workers in Pakistan in 2012 was over 12 million. The
UNICEF puts the figure at around 10 million, while the Child Rights Movement says 9.86 million children
and adolescents between the ages of 10-19 years are economically active. 2.58 million of these children
are between 10-14 years and thousands are even younger. The Pakistan Bureau of Statistics' Labour
Force Survey 2010-11 reveals that around 4.29 percent of the children aged 10-14 years are active in the
country's labour force. The survey does not take into account the employment of children below 10
years of age. It is estimated that 35.4 percent of 190 million Pakistanis are aged between 0-14 years.
With the second largest population of non-school-going children in the world, Pakistan has around 7.3
million children of primary school-going age who do not attend school, out of which girls account for
4.21 millions, reports UNICEF. Enslaved by poverty, these children have no option but to become child
labourers. Federal Bureau of Statistics 1996 survey reveals that 50 percent of the economically active
children are in age group of 5 to 9 years.

Child labour and forced labour typically thrive in informal economies as these unregistered workplaces
are outside the purview of labour inspectors and law enforcing institutions. A large proportion of
agricultural work is informal, and in the manufacturing sector portions of production are frequently
subcontracted to informal workshops or homes. A study finds that over half of people engaged in homebased work in Pakistan are below the minimum age for work.
Using child labour in the home increases a family's productivity and wages with little risk of interference
from regulatory bodies. The increased focus of many governments and corporations on eradicating child
labour may have driven it underground into informal work, which often involves the most dangerous
and hidden forms of work. And children are extremely vulnerable to the negative impacts of the work
associated with informal labour situations.
According to findings of RA study in District Haripur the children are in the worst form of Child Labour in
brick kilns in which majority are boys with a small percentage of girls. The working children in the
Haripur brick kilns largely hail from Multan and the adjacent districts of KP including Nowshera,
Peshawar, Mardan and Swabi etc. The number of total brick Kilns in District Haripur is about 59 (see
annexure). While the children working in other sectors including carpentry, iron and steel work and auto
workshops are also in worst form but they are mostly locals and kids who dropped out of schools. The
Brick kiln children are living in worst conditions with no access to education, health facilities, cash
money and future aspirations. Children at brick kilns and wood works like to go to school. Children in all
sectors receive wages in cash except children working in brick kilns. All children working in different
sectors have 6 days a week except children in brick kilns who have no off day. Besides this none of the
children in four sectors have access to safety equipment at work place and no medical or financial
support to the children in case of injury or illness at the workplace. The study also finds none of the
children work less than 10 hours in 4 selected sectors. All the children in 4 sectors face multiple health
hazardous at their work place. Common problems they face include; back ache, headache, sore eyes. It
was also found that no compulsion and all children in the four sectors are working with the consent of
their parents.
DASTAR- Development Association for Social Transformation and Action Research- is a leading NGO in
KP, engaged in conducting action research on socio-economic issues and working in collaboration and
partnership with other national and international organizations to achieve their mandated objectives.
The DASTAR team has the rare privilege of working with PCLU-KPK in such a crucial area, aimed at
assessing the dismal situation of children and identifying the worst form of Child Labour in the target
area.

The research work involves a first-hand study of both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the issue.
DASTAR appreciates the efforts of the training resource person who provided guidance in conducting
and compilation of the research before submitting the final report to the Principals. DASTAR also
appreciates the painstaking effort by the survey team who completed this big task in hot season and
worked with zeal and zest. The cooperation of the civil society organizations in district Haripur, the polite
and cooperative government officials of relevant line agencies and the children whom we met in their
workplace and above all the opinion leaders including parents is also appreciated very much.

Profile of District Haripur

1. Introduction to District Haripur
Haripur district is located in Hazara division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. The total area
of the district is 1,725 square kilometers, while the district population in 2013 is about 962,197
approximately. The average annual growth rate is 2.19 percent and district's population density is 400
persons per square kilometer. For every 100 women there are 100 men in the district. Average
household size in the district is 6 people. Ghazi and Haripur are two Tehsils of the district whereas there
are 44 union councils and 880 villages in the district. The 12% population is urban while 88% is rural.
The total number of children (girls & boys) under 15 years of age is 436 per 1000 person. The total
number of children under the age of 15 is about 429,532.
A total of 90% of the population is living in their own houses while 5 percent people in rented facility and
5% is tenant. 99% households have access to electricity and 36% to Natural Gas and 82% to Latrine
facilities and 69% population have access to water supply schemes.
The literacy rate in the district is 70 percent (males 85 percent as against 58 percent for females). There
are 39 basic health units (BHUs) and 10 Dispensaries, 6 RHCs and 5 Hospitals. Per Bed patients are 2,247.
Almost all farmers (90% ) are small farmers having average land of 1.3 acre. 75% is irrigated land and
farmers mostly cultivate wheat, maize, vegetables and fruit orchards. Only 2% of the total agriculture
land is cultivated by tenants.
Poverty is prevalent in the district and is assuming menacing proportions with the passage of time.
Unemployment rate in the district is 30 percent. More than 42 percent of the district's population is
below poverty line and 31 percent of the population is in the middle-income group that is living hand to
mouth. Poverty in this context perpetuates due to ongoing political and instability, uneven distribution
of resources, poor human resource development and polarization of power and resources in the hands
of a small percentage of population.
Due to unique topography of the District, it is linked with Motorways, adjacent to capital and GT
Road. Industrial estate known as Hater completed in 5 phases comprising 330 industrial units in
which 145 are functioning.

Map of District Haripur

Map of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

2. Various forms of Child Labour in District Haripur, estimated number,

tasks and health hazards
Table No: 2.1
Sector

Task

Automobile
workshop

Engine Work, Battery Work

Electric work, Silencer
Kammani, Engine oil
Dent & paint, Tire Change

Hazardous work

Heavy Load
Battery (exposure to
chemical Acid), Tire
Blasting
Working under sun,
Working under vehicle
w/o Support
Work in open
Brick Kiln
Making Mud
Work in hot and cold
Making of Bricks
Loading of Bricks on
weather
Handcart, Moving Handcart Heavy load, Work on
to kiln, Putting Coal in Kiln furnace where
Burning of fire in Kiln
temperature 1000
centigrade, Work on dirty
water Exposure to dirty
water
Steel & iron Manufacturing of doors
Use of sharp cutter
Work
Making of windows,
Heavy hammer
Work with high voltage of
Chair, table cupboard,
electricity, Paint spray
Cutting of iron
Lifting of heavy load
Welding
Dangerous for eyes
Painting
Wood Works Cutting of wood
Using Sharp saw for
cutting
Drilling
Use of spirit and other
Hammering nails,
chemical for polishing
Polishing
Heavy load, Long hour
Assembling wood pieces
work
Dust of wood during
sawing
Hatar
145 industries functioning
Heavy Load,
Industry
Exposed to Chemicals
Working on high voltage
machine, Dust, Noise
pollution
Long hours duty
Transport
Conductor
Heavy load
Industry
Loading /unloading
Unsafe, Accident
Fare collection
Unsafe support system
Cleaning, Changing tire
during changing tire
Scavengers
Collecting waste, metals,
Expose to differed
paper, bottles, loading
diseases
unloading
Un-hygienic work place
Heavy load

Approx.
Children
240

UC
South & Wasti

1450

Panyian,
KotNajibullah,
khanpur

120

North

120

Wasti
/North/South

1450

Hattar

1500

Bus Terminals

200

Urban Centres

* The sources of information are based on the observation of FGDS with children and interviews with
Opinion leaders, Key officials, Secondary data from various reports etc.

3. Rationale of the Rapid Assessment

The time and limited resources leads to rapid assessment to pin point the different pockets of the area
where worst form of child labour is prevailing and need urgent and strategic action to curb this menace.
Rapid Assessment is time efficient and cost effective method in action research. The interaction of
research team with key stake holders, keen observation and documentation of socio-economic
conditions of children working in worst conditions through in-depth interviews and review of the
secondary literature and available data enables the survey team to articulate a framework which would
help to design a viable intervention and a strong evidence of basic facts for future course of action.

3.1

Scope of Work

Identify pockets where Worst form of Child labour exists with the help of key stake holders,
opinion leaders, CSOs, relevant departments etc.
Identify various forms of child labour and their magnitude in the district
Select four sectors with worst forms of child labour
Conduct In-depth interviews with Key informants
Conduct Focused Group Discussions with working children
Conduct Household interviews through Questionnaire
Collection of Data
Observations and Photograph

3.2

Time Line

15 days
3.3 Methodology
Respondents (e.g. government officials, working children, teachers, parents, employers, workers'
representatives, NGO officials, etc.)
The survey team identify the key stake holders, held meeting with them and scheduled a proper
meeting collect information through in-depth interview protocol attached in annex for reference
Annex-I
Sr.

Name

Designation

Working Since

Mode of interaction

Syed Gul Jamal

DC

3 months

Meeting & In-depth interview

Hameed-ur-Rehman

District Labour Officer

0-5 years

Meeting & In-depth interview

Umar Khan

EDO, Education

Recently joined

Meeting & In-depth interview

GhulamRasool

Social Welfare officer

0-5 years

Meeting & In-depth interview

Three Focus Group Discussions (FGDS) were conducted with opinion leaders in community including
Retired Teachers, Retired Government officers, Imam Masjid, NGOS etc. in a mixed group. Total 24
persons participated in the discussion and shared their valuable inputs and suggestions to curb worst
form of child labour in Haripur in particular and in country in general. The key opinion leaders were
identified with support of local NGOs and Government official and FGDS were conducted on specified
place and time. The participants in FGDs took interest and realized the depth of the issue and showed
their commitment to curb this worst form of child labour in the locality.

3.4

Criteria used to identify Worst Forms of Child labour

The survey team discussed their concerns with local opinion leaders, local NGOs and Government
officials to assess the situation of child labour in district Haripur. After through discussions, the
following 4 Sectors were selected for Rapid Assessment based on two main criteria- a) expansion of the
sector, b) extent of child labour.

3.4.1 Brick Kilns

According to secondary source of information, there are about 145 brick kilns located in Kot Najib Ullah,
Panyan and Khan Pur areas. Mostly the children and their families working in these brick kilns belong to
Multan, migrated here and mostly working on furnace and Peshawar, Mardan, Charsadda, Swabi and
Nowshera (Mud working and loading un-loading, brick making)

3.4.2 Auto mobile Workshops

Children In the Auto mechanic shops belong to local areas and most of them are school dropouts due to
poverty, and corporal punishments in schools.

3.4.3 Wood Workshops

Main Bazaar Haripur is the hub of wood works and mostly local children work in these wood works
workshops. The wages in this sector are comparatively better than other sectors.

3.4.4 Steel and Iron Workshops

The Steel and iron workshops are mostly located in Union Council North. The children working in these
workshops commute daily the outskirts of Haripur, where they reside.

3.5 Data Collection Tools

In order to assess scope, degree and nature of various WFCL and to have information in all aspects
ranging from the age, gender, workplace status, health problems, wages, harassment, economic and
social conditions the team used different tools to collect qualitative and quantitative data to
understand the whole picture of Child labour in District Haripur.
3.5.1 Tools used in Rapid Assessment:

House hold Forms

Questionnaires to collect data of children in 4 selected Sector
Focused Group Discussion with local opinion leaders, Children in selected 4 groups
In-depth interview with Government officials, Employers/Supervisors of the workshops
Secondary sources including reports, journals, internet and CSOs PRA reports etc.

3.5.2 Household data collection procedure

The data collection team with consultation with local community identified pockets of the poor
communities from where large number of child labour belonged to, including BabuMolalla in UC North,
Panyan, Karala west, Malik Pura, UC North, Roshanabad in South etc. Then they selected households
which has children working as child labour. Then the team got the permission from the Household. The
team conducted House Hold Survey through questionnaire.

3.5.3 Working Children (WFCL) data collection procedure

After selecting the sector the RA team developed rapport with the supervisors or employee and with
their permission conducted interview. Later a detailed focused group discussion with a mix of children
from different workshops in a specified space took place, where the children openly shared their
concerns and ideas.
3.5.4 Process of Data Collection
Selection and training of data collection team
DASTAR organization selected a 4-member team, members of which have sound academic
qualifications as well as experience in conducting same nature of study before. The team members
included Mr. Mohammad Hassan, Khuram Shahzad, Mohammad Qasim and Miss. Farhat under the
guidance of Mohammad Ijaz Qasim, Principal Research Officer. The RA team also got trained on use of
rd
th
RA study tools on 23 and 24 of May 2013 in Peshawar.

3.5.5 Pre-testing of study tools

The team after getting training used the tools for pre-testing and the Principal Research officer clarified
the field research team and their queries.

3.5.6 Data entry, validation and analysis procedures

The data entry process started simultaneously. Statically packages social sciences (SPSS) were used for
analysis and also correlated different variables and qualitative information receiving through FGDS.
3.5.7

Problems and challenges faced during study

The overall behavior and attitude of the communities, opinion leaders and children were praise worthy
and they extended their full cooperation in conducting studies. However, we faced some challenges and
problems during conducting studies which includes

At the brick Kiln, the RA team was not given access to girl child labourers even though there was

a female member in the survey team

The brick kiln employees and owners most of time felt reluctant to give interview
In Hattar industrial state the management was not willing to give permission to meet labourers,
claiming that there is no child labour.
In Brick Kilns most of working children were from Multan and their mother tongue was Sariki.
However, the team managed communicating through local translators who can speak both
languages Urdu and Sariki
Most of the Key officials we met were recently transferred to the District and had limited
knowledge on child labour issues in the district. However ADCO motivated by the survey team,
promised to monitor child labour in Hattar Industrial Estate.

4.1 Number of respondents covered for each data collection tool

Data Collection Tolls

Number of Respondents

House hold Data Collection Form

120

In-depth interview with relevant Government Officials

In-depth interview with employee/supervisors of workshops

Focus Group Discussion with Opinion leader in community level

24

Focus Group Discussion with Children going to school

15

Focus Group Discussion with WFCL in different Sector

53

Focus Group Discussion with mother of child labour

Focus Group Discussion with father of child labour

22

Total respondents contacted

251

10

4.2 Introduction of 4 sectors with worst Form of Child labour

Table: 4.2.1

WFCL sector

Sr.

UC name

Tehsil

Name of place /pocket

Brick Kiln

KotNajibUllah/
Pnayan/GT Road

Haripur

Pania, KotNajibUllah, Malik Pura,

GT Road HariPur

Auto Mobile

U/C HaripurSouth

Haripur

GT Road Haripur

Wood Works

U/CHaripur Central

Haripur

Circular Road

Steel work

U/C Haripur North

Haripur

Railway Road, Circular Road

4.2.1 Sector Brick Kiln

Brick Kilns are growing industry in Pakistan and according to Brick Kiln Owners Association, there are
about 6,000 brick kilns in Pakistan, within an average of 25 families working at each site. These families
who also reside on the Kiln sites are locked into a dependency relationship with the owner, which is a
kind to bonded labour. If a worker wishes to leave the kiln and work elsewhere, he has to pay back all his
debts to the owner before he leaves. In this situation he takes Paishgi (advance) from his new master and
pays it back to the old one. This comes down to virtually selling himself. The loan which the owner readily
gives, functions as trap, because it persists across generations due to high interest charges,
manipulation of books, and low wages.
There are different kinds of tasks performed by brick kilns worker, which include:
Patheras:
Bharaiwala:
Jalaniwala:

Nakaswala:

They make the unbaked bricks out of mud. These are mostly women and children
They load the unbaked bricks on donkeys and carry them to the furnace.
They feed coal in the furnace (They are four to Six workers at a Kiln and wear wood shoes
due to extreme heat of 1000 to 2000 F. They work about 12 hours into two shifts. This is
the hardest job and worst form of child labour. (In most Kilns of District Haripur this job
involve children from southern Punjab)
They remove the baked bricks from the kiln.
The brick kilns generally are situated in desolate places away from the main cities and
towns. Their socio economic conditions are inhuman. They have no right of education,
health, recreation or security.
The brick kiln owners do not directly employ the labourers. They hire labourers through
a middleman who is called Jamadar and who ensures their work and presence at the
brick kilns. All Children working at the brick kilns reported that they do not like the work
but are compelled to work in order to pay off family debts owed to owners.

11

The hazardous tasks performed by children include:

Sector

Bricks Kiln

Tasks
Making Mud
Making of Bricks
Loading of Bricks on hand cart
Moving Handcart full of bricks from Field to
furnace
Putting coal in Kiln
Burning of Fire in Kiln

Hazardous work
Work in open and expose to heat and cold
Work in sun (hot weather)
Heavy Loads
Working on furnace where temperature is
more than 1000 degree centigrade.
Working on fire
Use of dirty water
Use of Mud

4.2.1.1 Views of children involved in WFCL at Brick Kilns

Seven children in age group of 10-17 years participated in the FGD. They belong to Brick kilns, located in
UC Panyan. The participating children belong to Multan (southern Punjab) and Pathans from adjacent
districts of KP.
It was discovered through FGD that the Children work alongside their families and live on the premises
of Brick kilns. The Brick Kiln owner provide them Shelter, water, and electricity. There is no fixed
schedule of work and according to season they set their own time. In summer they usually start work
early in the morning before sunrise. At noon they take rest and then restart work in after noon till dusk.
We do not know how much we earn because it all goes in repayment of debt and compound interest.
We don't receive a single penny said the brick kiln children. The children who make bricks from mud
receive PKR.390 for making 1000 bricks. While the children working in baking section (on Furnace)
receive PKR.400 rupees per day. The children said that they and their siblings do not go to school.
However, they all liked to go to school. They said they hope that when their financial conditions improve
and leave this type of work, they will go to school.
The owner of the Kiln stresses for more work and if the quality of bricks are not good he become furious
and deduct money from our wages children say. When asked how child labour can be stopped and
education can be promoted, they said they do not know. They also reported that our elders and parents
are in favor of education but they are compelled to involve children repay the debt. About health issues,
they complained of continuous backache and headache and skin rashes. In case of injury during work,
the owners do nothing for workers. The Brick kiln owners do not treat their workers and children kindly.
Union Council Kot Najibullah is located on Hattar road in District Haripur. It is a hub of brick kiln industry
and a number of brick kilns operate in this UC. There are hardly any public amenities and services- no
schools, health care and clean drinking water in the immediate proximity. Each brick kiln has dwelling
units, where about 25 families are staying as bonded laboururers, and working to survive and pay off
their debt acquired for addressing their pressing needs. The brick kiln workers mostly belong to Multan
region of the Punjab and some adjacent districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

12

Case Study- Drowning in Debt

Ijaz, 13 years old and Kamran, 11 years old are two brothers belonging to District swabi and working in a brick kiln
on Hottar Road for the last five years to pay off the debt of the owner, Mahmood Bhutta, taken by his father for his
medical treatment, as he had fallen in the furnace and

burnt his left leg which later got gangrene due to lack of

adequate medical care. He took advance from the owner for treatment, but he could not recover. He lost his leg in
the course of surgery. Finding no option to repay the debt he put his two children for labouring in Mahmmood
Bhutta to pay off the debt of the owner and to enable the family to keep its both ends meet. The young siblings
were also deprived of education. They have lost their childhood in the brick kiln and have no dream of brighter
future.

4.2.2 Sector Automobile Workshops

Auto Workshops is a growing business because number of auto workshops is increasing with the
passage of time. Most of the automobile workshops are located in Bazaar area and there are about 120
automobile workshops and every workshop has employed 3 children. The children working in this
sector are mostly local and belong to District Haripur. Most of these children are school dropouts due to
corporal punishment, poverty etc.
The usual tasks performed by auto workshop children include;
Sector

Auto Workshops

Tasks
Engine Work
Battery Work
Electric Work
Silencer Work
Kamani Work
Engine Oil Change
Dent and Paint

Hazardous work
Heavy Loads
Battery Chemicals (Acids)
Tire Blasting
Working in Sun
Long Hours Work
Continuous Work
Working under the vehicle
without any strong support

Tire Changing

A total of 7 children in the age group of 12-17 years and all boys were contacted for FGDs in the auto
workshop sectors.
Below are their views which were taken through FGDS:

We work with the consent of our parents and our own will
We earn money as well as learning skills
We like our work and we also contribute to household expenses
We live at a distance of 3-6 kilometres from our workshop. To reach work place we use bicycle,
local transport and walk on foot. We work from 8:00 o'clock till 7:00 o'clock with holiday on
Friday.

13

We do not work at night. We received daily wages in cash. We earn wages between PKR.60 to
PKR. 200 per day.
Our supervisors provide us with clothes on the eve of Eid as a gift and gives credit if we require.
We have no safety tools at the workplace
We do not like to go to school as education has no benefit and we do not like punishment from
teachers. None of our siblings go to school.
Our parents admit us in schools but due to continuous punishment we leave school. However, if
teachers stop punishment then we will go to school.
Asked how child labour can be stopped, they responded we do not know
The behavior of our supervisor/trainer is good towards us.

Case Study: Poverty derives Zeeshan to Child Labour

UC South in District Haripur is the hub of automobile workshops. Each workshop has 2 to 3 child-labourers
working as apprentices or trainee workers for nominal remuneration. 14 years old Zeeshan is one of these
children working for the last 5 years in Hidyat automobile workshop. His father suffered a stroke and is paralyzed
ever since. Zeeshan mother is a domestic worker, working in the nearby houses to meet the expenses of medicine
and treatment of his ailing father. Zeeshan's daily wages are Rs.150 and his earnings are used to meet expenses
like food, utilities and house-rent etc. As such he has no access to education as he has to earn livelihood for the
family. Even if given free education, I would not be able to avail it as I cannot go to school. I have to work for the
financial survival of the family, Zeeshan thinks.

4.2.3 Sector: Steel and Iron works

The steel and iron sector is also growing and attracts a number of child labourers. The child labour in this
sector is among the worst forms. These workshops are mostly located in UC North of District Haripur.
According to Children working in this sector, there are about 65 steel workshops in the area and on
average two children are employed at every workshop. The tasks performed by working children at steel
workshops include:
Tasks

Steel/Iron Works

Hazardous work

Making of Doors

Use of sharp cutter

Making of Windows
Cupboards
Chairs

Welding
Work in High Voltage Electricity
Paint Spray

Table
Cutting of Iron/Steel
Welding

Long Hours Work

Continuous Work
Lifting of Heavy Loads

Painting

Use of Heavy Hammers

14

4.2.3.1 Views and feedback from the Children who participated in the FGD

The children working in this sector have been working for the last four years
They work with the consent of their parents and due to poverty
They earn and also learn a skill to earn livelihood
They say they love to work and earn more than children working in auto-workshops.
These workshop are mainly situated in Haipur main market in UC North
Working children live in the radius of 1 to 7 K.M of workshop
They come to workshop on foot and some of them use local transport
They work from 8:00 am to 7:00 pm 6 days a week
They receive wages in cash and daily earnings vary between PKR 100 to 400
Their employer provides them with clothes on the eve of Eid
They say they work with dangerous equipment with high voltage of electricity and there is no
safety equipment at the workplace.
They say they do not like to attend school, but some of their siblings go to school
They believe child labour can be stopped if their families are provided with financial support
To promote education child workers should be provided with free technical education and
scholarship for poor children
Most children complain of back ache and eye sores due to welding
In case of injury or illness at workplace the employers do not provide any medical treatment,
but they are allowed to leave to seek medical attention.
Supervisor/Trainer treat them well.

4.2.4 Sector -Wood works

Wood works sector children are involved in worse form of child labour. These workshops are
mostly located in UC Wasti and according to Working children, there are about 60 to 70 woodwork
workshop in the area. On average 3 children working in each workshop.
The main tasks performed by children in this sector include;
Sector

Wood Works

Tasks

Hazardous work

Making of Doors
Making of Windows
Cupboards
Chairs
Table
Cutting of wood
Polishing
Drilling
Carving

Using Sharp cutters for cutting of wood

Use of Spirit and other chemicals in polish
Work in dusty air
Paint Spray
Long Hours of Work
Continuous Work
Lifting of Heavy Loads
Use of sharp instruments like saw etc.

15

4.2.4.1 Views and feedback from the children recorded during FGD

7 children in the age group of 12-17 years old participated in FGD

Some children are working for the last 3 years other just started
They say they like working and work with the consent of their parents
Main reason for work is poverty
No girls are working in this sector
All working children live in a radius of 0-6 kilo metres from the work place
To reach work place some children go on foot others commute by local transport
Working hours are 9:00 am to 5:00 pm, 6 day a week
Their wages are in the PKR 100 to 400 range
The owner allows them to collect small pieces of wood, to use as fuel at home.
They don't have any safety equipment at the work place
They say they would like to go school and if parents are motivated to let them
They say they can earn more money if they could have completed their schooling
They report that their supervisor is aggressive but don't beat or abuse them
Child labour can be stopped if financial support is provided to families
They believe that Education can be promoted through motivation of their parents
They suffer from sore eyes due to dust and use of chemicals etc.

Case Study
Union Council Wasti in District Haripur is famous for its woodwork. A large number of furniture workshops are
located in the area. Children are working in different sections of these workshops. Muhammad Usman, aged
10, has been working for the past few months in one of these wood workshops. Unfortunately, his mother and
father both died in a road accident. Later, his maternal uncle started taking care of him- he put Usman at this
wood workshop to learn some skill. Although his uncle's children go to school, they chose carpentry as
profession for him. I have just started working in the polishing section. It is tough job and I do not enjoy it and I
do not like his work but I cannot do anything else, I have to do what my guardians want me to do. I receive no
wages but only transport fare, said Usman.

4.3

Main finding from the four selected sectors:

The Brick kiln children are living in worst conditions with no access to education, health
facilities, cash money and future aspirations.
Children at brick kilns and woodwork shops would like to go to school
All children in these sectors receive wages in cash except children working in brick kilns
All children working in these sectors have 6 days a week except children in brick kilns who
have no off day

16

 None of the children in four sectors have access to safety equipment at work place
No medical or financial support to the children in case of injury or illness at workplace
There is no compulsion and all children in the four sectors are working with the consent of
their parents
None of the children in the four sectors work for less than 10 hours
All the children in these sectors face multiple health hazards at the work place.
All the working children suffer from common problems like backache, headache, eyesores.

17

5. Analysis of data on working conditions of children in four Sectors

5.1 Automobile workshops
Table No: 1.1

Gender
Valid

Male

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

Note: The table shows the gender distribution of child labour in the automobile sector. In automobile
sector, all the working children are boys- girl child labourers are found mostly in houses.

Table No: 1.2

Marital Status

Valid

Unmarried

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

Note: All the children working in automobile sector are single. Most of children belong to local
community and there is no early age marriages practice especially among boys in target district.

Table No 1.3
School Going
Valid

Yes
No

Frequency
1
7

Percent
12.5
87.5

Valid Percent
12.5
87.5

Cumulative Percent
12.5
100.0

Note: a total of 87.50 % children working in auto workshops are not going to school while 12.50% child
labourers also continue their education. This reveals that there is a high dropout rate among children in
this sector. Their parent engaged them in auto workshop to ensure that they learn skill and earn money.
There is potential to motivate child labourers for schooling.

18

Table No: 1.4

School Drop Out rates
Valid

Yes
No
Total

Frequency
5
3
8

Percent
62.5
37.5
100.0

Valid Percent
62.5
37.5
100.0

Cumulative Percent
62.5
100.0

Note: More than half (62.50%) of the children in this sector drop out from schools while 37.50% are
those that never attended school due to poverty and other reasons. Instead of going to school they
prefer to join automobile workshop to learn some skill and earn money.
Table No: 1.5
Illiteracy

Valid

Yes
No
Total

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

2
6
8

25.0
75.0
100.0

25.0
75.0
100.0

25.0
100.0

Note: A quarter (25%) of the children in this sector are illiterate while 75% of them are semi- literate.
The semi literate children can be motivated to continue their study and combine with work to learn
skills.
Table No: 1.6
Payment Mode

Valid

Daily

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

Note: All children in auto workshops received daily wages. The cash motivates the child to work in the
workshop. The poor segments of society like to join auto workshops because of the cash payment they
receive. Most children reported that they give their earnings to their parents. All respondent said that
the mode of payment depend on skill and experience. Those who are skilled and have more experience
received weekly and even monthly wages.

19

Table No: 1.7

Health issue
Valid

Yes
No
Total

Frequency
7
1
8

Percent
87.5
12.5
100.0

Valid Percent
87.5
12.5
100.0

Cumulative Percent
87.5
100.0

Note: Out of all the children in this sector, 87.5% report health issues while 12.5% reported no health
issues. This shows that some of these children not only lose their childhood but also their health. The
majority of them claimed that they have health issue like backache, fever, stress and fatigue etc. They
have no access to free or affordable health care and mostly remain untreated.
Table No: 1.8
Heat or cold stress
Valid

Yes
No
Total

Frequency
1
7
8

Percent
12.5
87.5
100.0

Valid Percent
12.5
87.5
100.0

Cumulative Percent
12.5
100.0

Note: There are no major concerns in this regard- almost all (87.5%) expressed satisfaction as they are
working under shelter. However, still room for improvement to make the workplace comfortable for
child labourers.
Table No: 1.9
Whistling sound in ear
Valid

Yes
No
Total

Frequency
4
4
8

Percent
50.0
50.0
100.0

Valid Percent
50.0
50.0
100.0

Cumulative Percent
50.0
100.0

Note: Half the children complained of whistling sound in ear due to high stress and noise in the
workplace while the other 50% said no whistling sound in the ear. It depends on the age group and
number of years of working in the workshops. Early age children and those recently joined the
workshop reported that they have the whistling sound in ear.

20

Table No: 1.10

Fatigue
Valid

Yes
No
Total

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

4
4
8

50.0
50.0
100.0

50.0
50.0
100.0

50.0
100.0

Note: Half of the children said they feel tired most of the time. This feeling also found more in early age
children and among those who joined recently. While 50%children, who are older in age and have more
working experience responded that they do not feel tired.
Table No: 1.11

Slips and trips

Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: All respondent said that they experience no slips and trips in their workplace. The Children also
reported in FGD that their supervisor's behavior is good and praiseworthy. However, mothers of
children reported that sometimes their children slip or fall at their workplace.
Table No: 1.12
Frequent cough

Valid

Yes
No
Total

Frequency
2
6
8

Percent
25.0
75.0
100.0

Valid Percent
25.0
75.0
100.0

Cumulative Percent
25.0
100.0

Note: 25% of children in auto workshops have frequent coughs that lead to T.B and other chest
problems. However, this ailment is comparatively less in auto workshops as compared to other sectors.
The child labourers in this sector are also deprived of free treatment and mostly use self-medication.

21

Table No: 1.13

Eye problem

Valid

Yes
No
Total

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

3
5
8

37.5
62.5
100.0

37.5
62.5
100.0

37.5
100.0

Note: 37.50% of the children in the automobile sector reported eye problems. It is due to dust in the
workplace and mostly due lack of safety equipment. However, 62.5% of children do not complain of any
eye problems. In some sections of workshops children are exposed to acid and smoke hence the eye
problem. As there is no treatment for these children these problems are largely ignored. These
eventually lead to more serious problems in future.
Table No: 1.14
Frequent fever

Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: All respondent said that they have no frequent fever. However, this condition is common in other
sector among child labourers. This may be due to less number of working hours and one day off in a
week because they take proper rest.
Table No: 1.15

Common health problem

Valid

Yes
No
Total

Frequency
6
2
8

Percent
75.0
25.0
100.0

Valid Percent
75.0
25.0
100.0

Cumulative Percent
75.0
100.0

Note: Three quarters say they suffer from health problem in their work place whereas the rest consider
themselves sound and healthy. Due to lack of medical care they face persistently minor ailments and
they have to arrange treatment themselves, mostly through home remedies.

22

Table No: 1.16

Work place info

Valid

Yes

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: All children said that their work place is satisfactory. Their satisfaction is based on proper shelter
and attitude of and treatment by their supervisor.

Table No: 1.17

Washing facilities
Valid

Yes
No
Total

Frequency
1
7
8

Percent
12.5
87.5
100.0

Valid Percent
12.5
87.5
100.0

Cumulative Percent
12.5
100.0

Note: 87.50% of children have no access to washing facility in their premises so they remain dirty and
exposed to germ and diseases. They use other facilities in close proximity mostly in mosques etc. only
12.50% have access to washing facility in their workplace.

Table No: 1.18

Eating facilities

Valid

Yes

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: they are all given food, consisting of lunch and tea, even tough their lunches are by no means
nourishing- they say, at least they do not feel hungry at work.

23

Table No: 1.19

Sanitation
Valid

Yes
No
Total

Frequency
3
5
8

Percent
37.5
62.5
100.0

Valid Percent
37.5
62.5
100.0

Cumulative Percent
37.5
100.0

Note: 62.50% of children in this sector have no access to sanitation facility in their workplace. They
responded to nature calls in public latrines, mosques in the close proximity to their workplace.
However, in some workshops, the sanitation facilities are available.
Table No: 1.20
Noise

Valid

Yes
No
Total

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

6
2
8

75.0
25.0
100.0

75.0
25.0
100.0

75.0
100.0

Note: 75% have reported that there is noise in their work place. The noise pollution has a number of
side effects on brain, temper and listening. Headache and other brain related diseases are due to noise.
In most cases the workshops are located in busy markets.
Table No: 1.21
Poor lighting

Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: All children said that lighting is not poor and they have sufficient light in their workplace. They
work during the day and there is proper lighting in workshops.

24

Table No: 1. 22
Dust

Valid

Yes

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: all children reported that there is dust in their work place, which causes coughing. Dust is mostly
due to heavy transport on roads where workshops are located.

Table No: 1.23

Bruises or cuts

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

75.0

75.0

75.0

No

25.0

25.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: some 75% of child labourers have cuts on their hands caused by heavy and sharp tolls and
machinery. Lack of safety tools is also a reason for cuts.

Table No: 1.24

Feel sleepy during work

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

62.5

62.5

62.5

No

37.5

37.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: 62.50% said that they feel sleepy at work due to long working hours and no rest. However some
37.5% of children said that they do not feel sleepy during working hours.

25

Table No. 1.25

Head ache

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

50.0

50.0

50.0

No

50.0

50.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: 50% said they suffer from headaches during working hours because of long working hours. Lack
of proper sleep is also a contributing factor to headaches. The other 50% reported that they do not
suffer from this ailment. Lack of proper treatment and no consultation with a doctor exacerbates the
problem.

Table No: 1.26

Backache

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

62.5

62.5

62.5

No

37.5

37.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: 62.50% complained of backaches. This is due to working for long hours, heavy load and lack of rest
in the work place. The other 37.5% of child labourers have no backache problem.

Table No: 1.27

First aid box facility

Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: they all said that they have no first aid box in their workplace. If they get hurt, they go to the
doctor themselves and the owner gives them time off.

26

Table No: 1.28

Harassment

Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: None of the children reported harassment in the workplace. This is also verified through their
mother and father. The fathers have confirmed that they take care of their children by being selective in
choosing the workshop and have regular contact with the supervisor of their children.

Table No: 1.29

Teasing

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

12.5

12.5

12.5

No

87.5

87.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: a small number (12.50%) said their fellow friends tease them while the majority (87.5%) of
children reported that they are not teased by any one at the workplace.

Table No. 1.30

Physical Abuse

Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: all children confirmed that they face no physical abuse at the work place. The children consider
that the behavior of their trainer/supervisor is better than their school teachers.

27

Table No. 1.31

Starting Wages
Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

30

12.5

12.5

12.5

40

25.0

25.0

37.5

50

50.0

50.0

87.5

100

12.5

12.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

PKR
Valid

Note: As shown in the table, in this sector, child labourers receive between PKR.30 and PKR.100 per day
based on experience. The wages received by the children are so low that they are not able to meet their
daily needs. Most of child labourers in this sector are school dropouts. They began working with the
consent of their parents to learn new skill.

Table No. 1.32

Present wages

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

50

25.0

25.0

25.0

60

12.5

12.5

37.5

80

12.5

12.5

50.0

100

12.5

12.5

62.5

120

25.0

25.0

87.5

150

12.5

12.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: the wages children get in this sector are shown on the above table. Lowest amount reflects
the limited skills and experience children possess

28

Table No. 1.33

Average Daily Working Hours

No. of Hours
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

10

12.5

12.5

12.5

12

75.0

75.0

87.5

13

12.5

12.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: In this sector, children work 10 to 13 hours daily. The table above shows that majority of children
(75%) are working 12 hours a day while 12.5% of child labourers are working 10 hours and 13 hours a
day respectively.

Table No. 1.34

Average Night Working Hours

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

75.0

75.0

75.0

12.5

12.5

87.5

12.5

12.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: In the auto workshops, a small percentage of children are also working at night. The table above
shows these percentages. Working at night poses heath threats to children.

29

2. Sector- Brick Kiln

Table No: 2.1

Gender
Valid

Male

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

Note: The table shows gender wise distribution of child labourers in the brick kiln sector. All children
working in the Brick Kiln were boys but the survey team spotted some girls during their visits to brick
kiln. However, the team was not allowed to contact the girls.

Table No: 2.2

Marital Status

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

Unmarried

Note: The table shows the marital status of child labourers in the brick kiln- all are single and no child
marriage is reported. The same information verified through household survey and FGDS. Early child
marriages are not practised as the parents are dependent on the income of these children.

Table No: 2.3

School Going

Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: None of the children in brick kiln are going to school. These Brick kiln is located at a distance from
town and have no access to schools and health facilities.

30

Table No: 2.4

Drop Out

Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: since none of the children have been or are going to school, no drop out rates could be recorded.

Table No: 2.5

Illiterate
Valid

Yes

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: All children are illiterate as they have never been to school because they are trapped in bonded
labour. Families in this sector are extremely poor and because of this, children have no access to school
even though all of them are keen to go to school.

Table No: 2.6

Payment Mode

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Weekly

37.5

37.5

37.5

Daily

62.5

62.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Some 62.5% of children in this sector are given daily wages and the rest (37.5%) are paid weekly.
Payments are only paid to those who have no debts owing to the kiln owner. Those who owe money to
the owner are not given cash.

31

Table No: 2.7

Health issue
Valid

Yes

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: all Children reported that they face different health problems in their workplace. All the children
working for long hours are expose to dust and dirty water. Poor nutrition and dismal situation of the
workplace makes them prone to acute diseases.

Table No: 2.8

Heat or cold stress

Valid

Yes

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: All children face heat and cold stress because they are working out in the open and have no
shades. The children working on the furnace face about 2000 degree heat stress. In winter, cold stress is
more in District Haripur as it lays in northern part of KP, which received more cold weather during winter.

Table No: 2.9

Whistling Sound in Ear

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

50.0

50.0

50.0

No

50.0

50.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Only half of the children contacted said that they suffer from whistling in the ear.

32

Table No: 2.10

Fatigue

Valid

Yes

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: due to long working hour, heavy load and no recreation all children said they feel very tired.

Table No: 2.11

Slips and trips

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

87.5

87.5

87.5

No

12.5

12.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: 87.50% of the children said they fall, slip and trip at work- meaning that they are not protected
against any accidents.

Table No: 2.12

Frequent cough

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

62.5

62.5

62.5

No

37.5

37.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Two thirds of the children in the sector suffer from continuous cough due to heavy dust in
workplace whereas 37.5% said that they do not suffer from this condition. Continuous coughing is a
danger sign as it leads to tuberculosis.

33

Table No: 2.13

Eye problem

Valid

Yes

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: all children said they suffer from painful eyes. Because they are working in open space with
severe heat and dustTable No: 2.14
Frequent fever

Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: all children experience frequent fever but are unable to get treatment because of low wages and
transportation costs. The frequent fever can lead to typhoid and other dangerous diseases, even death.
Table No: 2.15
Common health problem

Valid

Yes

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: Common health problems among all the children include: coughing, fever, eye problems and
fatigue.
Table No: 2.16

Work place information

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

87.5

87.5

87.5

No

12.5

12.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: a total of 87.50% of children consider that their workplace is not conducive to working willingly
and do not enjoy their work as these places are located in outskirts from the city and do not offer a
decent standard of living.

34

Table No: 2.17

Washing facilities

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

12.5

12.5

12.5

No

87.5

87.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Almost all (87.50%) said that the brick kiln has no access to washing facility. They use mostly
muddy and hard water. For this reason, they are dirty and very rarely take a bath.
Table No: 2.18
Eating facilities

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

12.5

12.5

12.5

No

87.5

87.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: No food is served during working hours at the kilns. The food is given only to those who working
on the furnace section. The rest of the children eat at home located near the Brick kiln.
Table No: 2.19
Sanitation

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

12.5

12.5

12.5

No

87.5

87.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Brick Kiln does not have proper sanitation facility. They respond to nature calls by going away from
the kiln where are no people.

35

Table No: 2.20

Noise

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

37.5

37.5

37.5

No

62.5

62.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Some 37.50% said that their work environment is noisy while the rest did not complain of any
noise.

Table No: 2.21

Poor lighting

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

62.5

62.5

62.5

No

37.5

37.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: 62.50% reported that lighting in their workplace is poor. Most of them want to work at night but
there is no lighting at night.
Table No: 2.22
Dust

Valid

Yes

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Note: all children have cough problems because of the dust at the kilns.

36

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Table No: 2.23

Bruises or cuts

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

87.5

87.5

87.5

No

12.5

12.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: 87.50% of children get cuts on their hands and bodies at work. There is no first aid facility available
at work place. The owner provides no health care facility and all the medical expenses are borne by the
labourers themselves.

Table No: 2.24

Feel sleepy during work
Valid

Yes

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: all children feel sleepy while working due to long working hours -approximately 12 to 16 hours
and there is no recreation or rest for them.

Table No: 2.25

Headache

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

25.0

25.0

25.0

No

75.0

75.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: A quarter of the children said they get headaches at work.

37

Table No: 2.26

Backache

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

87.5

87.5

87.5

No

12.5

12.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: backache is also a common problem among children working in this sector.
Table No: 2.27
First aid box

Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: even though the children said there is none, the survey team noticed that there is first aid box
available in the workplace but a further away from the kiln.
Table No: 2.28
Harassment

Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: All children said that there is no harassment at the workplace. This may be due to the presence of
the family at the workplace.
Table No: 2.29
Teasing

Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Note: No teasing is reported

38

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Table No: 2.30

Physical Abuse
Valid

Frequency
8

No

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: there is no physical abuse in the kiln- the reason is that the whole family working together.
Table No. 2.31
Starting Wages
PKR

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

100

37.5

37.5

37.5

150

12.5

12.5

50.0

200

25.0

25.0

75.0

300

12.5

12.5

87.5

3700

12.5

12.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Valid

Note: The amounts start from PKR.100 up to PKR.300 for a day's work and PKR.3700 for the week. 37.5%
of children receive PKR.100, 25.5% receive PKR.200 while 12.5% receive PKR.150. The weekly wages of
children working on the furnace (12.5%) amounts to PKR.3700 because of the risk involved.
Table No. 2.32
Average Daily Working Hours

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

37.5

37.5

37.5

10

25.0

25.0

62.5

12

37.5

37.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: a total of 37.5% of children work daily for 6 hours and 12 hours, while 25% are working for 12
hours in a day. In other words about 62.5% of Child labour working at least 10 to 12 hours a day. Child
labourers in Brick kilns are working more hours daily compared to children working in other sectors.

39

Table No. 2.33

Average Night working hours

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

62.5

62.5

62.5

37.5

37.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: The above table shows the hours worked at night

Table No. 2.34
Present Wages

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

200

50.0

50.0

50.0

300

12.5

12.5

62.5

350

12.5

12.5

75.0

450

12.5

12.5

87.5

13000

12.5

12.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: The table shows that in the Brick kiln sector, the wages are relatively batter than the other three
sectors while the working condition are worst in all respect including health, education, diseases,
human rights and socio-economic condition.

40

3. Sector - Steel works

Table No: 3.1

Gender
Valid

Male

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

Note: all children working in this sector are males. The local boys who are joining this sector are mostly
school dropouts.
Table No: 3.2
Marital Status

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

Unmarried

Note: all boys are single and there are no reported cases of early marriages among children working in
the sector.
Table No: 3.3
School going

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

12.5

12.5

12.5

No

87.5

87.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Only 12.50% children go to school while the majority children do not go to school. They
concentrate on gaining their skills in the sector rather continuing education.
Table No: 3.4
School Dropped Out

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

75.0

75.0

75.0

No

25.0

25.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Three quarters of children are school dropouts while only a quarter continue their education.

41

Table No: 3.5

Illiterate

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

25.0

25.0

25.0

No

75.0

75.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: 75% of them are semi-literate while 25% of them are illiterate.
Table No: 3.5
Payment Mode

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Monthly

12.5

12.5

12.5

Daily

87.5

87.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: 87.50 % receive daily wages while the rest 12.5 %are getting paid monthly. The daily cash money
paid by the workshops attracts children.
Table No: 3.7
Health issue
Valid

Yes

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: The nature of the work in the sector is hazardous. As a result, all children have ailments. They have
no access to free medical care and lack of affordability of health care contributes to their health issues.
Table No: 3.8
Heat or cold stress

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

50.0

50.0

50.0

No

50.0

50.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: some equipment like welding machines are not only hazardous but also expose children to heat.
Half of these children suffer from heat.

42

Table No: 3.9

Fatigue

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

25.0

25.0

25.0

No

75.0

75.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Only 25% of the children said that they get tired. The low incidence is due to low number of
hours working in this sector.
Table No: 3.10
Slips and trips
Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: these are no issues in the workplace.

Table No: 3.11
Frequent cough
Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: Coughing is not a health issue in this sector.

Table No: 3.12
Frequent fever

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

25.0

25.0

25.0

No

75.0

75.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Only two children said the get feverish at work.

43

Table No: 3.13

Common health problem

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

37.5

37.5

37.5

No

62.5

62.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: The results of the survey show that children in this sector are in a relatively better health condition
than the children in the other three sectors as only a third of them said they have health issues at work.
Table No: 3.14
Work place info

Valid

Yes

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: all the eight children interviewed said hat they are happy working in this sector. This indicates the
level of satisfaction of these children compared to their counterparts in the other sectors.
Table No: 3.15

Washing facilities

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Yes

12.5

12.5

12.5

No

87.5

87.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Only one child said that he benefits from a washing facility at work while others reported that
no such facility exists.
Table No: 3.16
Eating Facilities
Valid

Yes

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: All children are served lunch and food during working hours. This facility is available in all three
sectors except in the Brick kiln. Although, the food is not balanced at least, it addresses their hunger.

44

Table No: 3.17

Sanitation
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Yes

12.5

12.5

12.5

No

87.5

87.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: all but one said that they have no access to sanitation facility. They respond to the call of
nature in near-by mosque or nearby public toilets.
Table No: 3.18
Noise
Valid

Yes

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: Due to heavy machinery and high voltage equipment used for cutting iron and steel, noise
pollution in this sector is higher than in the other sectors.
Table No: 3.19
Poor lighting

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

25.0

25.0

25.0

No

75.0

75.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: 25% of children think that lighting is poor in their workplace while the majority (75%)
considers that the lighting is adequate.
Table No: 3.20
Dust

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

87.5

87.5

87.5

No

12.5

12.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: only one child said there is no dust at the workplace while the rest of the seven boys reported that
the workshop is dusty.

45

Table No: 3.21

Bruises or cuts

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

50.0

50.0

50.0

No

50.0

50.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Half of the children said they get cuts to their hands and body with sharp tools and iron sheets.
Burns are also observed due to welding sparks.
Table No: 3.22
Feel sleepy during work

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

37.5

37.5

37.5

No

62.5

62.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Three children said they feel sleepy at work due to long hours and no breaks duty and
lack of recreation. Travelling to and from work is tiring they say. However, children enjoy oneday leave a week mostly on Fridays.
Table No: 3.23
Headache

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

50.0

50.0

50.0

No

50.0

50.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Half of the children said they suffer from headaches regularly because of the loud noise
and long hours of work.

46

Table No: 3.24

Backache

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

37.5

37.5

37.5

No

62.5

62.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Sitting without support and heavy load causes backache for three children but the rest of the five
boys do not seem to complain of backaches.
Table No: 3.25
First aid box facility
Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: There is no first aid box in the workshop. The children who get hurt are not given medical care or
treatment but they are given time off to seek medical help.
Table No: 3.26
Harassment
Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: the children reported no harassment in the workplace. The parents look after their children and
take precautionary measure in choosing workshop for their children.
Table No: 3.27
Teasing
Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: The children are not teased in any way. This is partly due to the caring and good behavior of the
supervisor
Table No: 3.28
Physical Abuse
Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Note: there is no abusive behavior by anyone at the workshop.

47

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Table No: 3.29

Starting Wages
PKR (wage)
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

30

62.5

62.5

62.5

40

12.5

12.5

75.0

50

12.5

12.5

87.5

60

12.5

12.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: The above table shows the wages children are paid when they start working in the sector- many
get rather low pay. The Children are mostly local children and drop outs from schools. They say they
stated working in this sector with consent of their parents to learn new skill and earn income for their
family.
Table No: 3.30
Average Daily Working Hours

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

25.0

25.0

25.0

12.5

12.5

37.5

10

12.5

12.5

50.0

11

25.0

25.0

75.0

12

25.0

25.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Three quarters of the children work at least 8 to 11 hours a day while 25% of them are working for
12 hours. The results clearly show that children working in this sector have no access to education and
recreation facility due to long working hours.
Table No: 3.31
Average Night Working Hours
No. of hours
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

Note: This is the only sector in which children do not work at night.

48

4. Sector- Wood works

Table No: 4.1

Gender
Valid

Male

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

Note: Children working in this sector are all boys as woodwork sheds are usually located in markets and
girls are not allowed t o work in public spaces.
Table No: 4.2
Marital Status

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

100.0

100.0

100.0

Unmarried

Note: None of the children met are married and there are no cases of early marriage.
Table No: 4.3
School Going

Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: All boys are not attending school as the work they do in this sector is full time.
Table No: 4.4
Dropped Out

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

62.5

62.5

62.5

No

37.5

37.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Five of the children have dropped out of school while the other three have never been to school in
their childhood. Children join this sector to learn new skills and earn a living for their family.

49

Table No: 4.5

Illiterate
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

37.5

37.5

37.5

No

62.5

62.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Three children are illiterate while the remaining 62.5% are semi-literate but drop outs from
school.
Table No: 4.6
Payment Mode

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Weekly

25.0

25.0

25.0

Daily

75.0

75.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: The table above shows the payment methods. The daily cash is given mostly to new learners.
Table No: 4.7
Health issue
Valid

Yes

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: They all reported that they have a range of health issues. They have no access to free medical care
and cannot afford treatment and cost of medicines.
Table No: 4.8
Heat or cold stress
Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Note: heat and cold are no issues for children working in this sector.

50

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Table No: 4.9

Whistling sound in ear
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

25.0

25.0

25.0

No

75.0

75.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: only two out of the eight children said they experience noise in the ear. The conditions in this
respect are better in the woodwork sheds than in the other sectors.
Table No: 4.11
Fatigue

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

75.0

75.0

75.0

No

25.0

25.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: six children said they fee tired at work, most probably because of limited experience.
Table No: 4.12
Slips and trips

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

25.0

25.0

25.0

No

75.0

75.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: only two boys said they fall at work sometimes but the rest said that they do not slip r trip over
equipment and materials. This is partly due to the supervisor applying strict control over the workers as
well as the work space.

51

Table No: 4.13

Frequent cough
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

37.5

37.5

37.5

No

62.5

62.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: three boys said they cough sometimes due to wood dust while others do not seem to have any
problems.
Table No: 4.14
Eye problem
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

50.0

50.0

50.0

No

50.0

50.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: 50% of children have eye problems while the other half have no eye problems. The eye problems
have mostly with dust and use of chemicals. As in the case of children in the other sectors, the child
labourers in this sector have also no access to free medical care.
Table No: 4.15
Frequent fever
Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: Fever is not a problem among the children in this sector.

Table No: 4.17
Common health problem
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

50.0

50.0

50.0

No

50.0

50.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: half of the children said they have health problems but the details of these ailments are not
specified.

52

Table No: 4.18

Washing facilities

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Yes

12.5

12.5

12.5

No

87.5

87.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: with the exception of one child who said he has a place for washing. They said they use the
facilities of the nearby mosque and other public places.
Table No: 4.19
Eating facilities
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

87.5

87.5

87.5

No

12.5

12.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: 87.50% of children have access to free food from the owner while the rest 12.50 % bring their own
food from their home.
Table No: 4.20
Sanitation
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

62.5

62.5

62.5

No

37.5

37.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: five children said they have access to sanitation facility in their work place but the other three
have use mosques and other public sanitation facility close by. The majority of wood workshops have
their own sanitation facility in their premises.

53

Table No: 4.21

Noise
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Yes

12.5

12.5

12.5

No

87.5

87.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: only one child said the noise disturbs him. Noise is noticeable only in the wood cutting section as
electric saw is used. In the other section hand tools are used so the noise is less.
Table No: 4.22
Dust
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

25.0

25.0

25.0

No

75.0

75.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: two children are exposed to dust. The wood cutting and smoothing section are more dusty
compared to polishing, cushion section.
Table No: 4.23
Bruises or cuts
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Yes

12.5

12.5

12.5

No

87.5

87.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: The wood-cutting with electric saw can result in cuts and bruises. Only one child reported
cuts/bruises.
Table No: 4.24
Exposure to Chemicals
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

25.0

25.0

25.0

No

75.0

75.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Only two children are involved in polishing and this is the section where chemicals are used.

54

Table No: 4.25

Feel sleepy during work
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

25.0

25.0

25.0

No

75.0

75.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: due to the physically demanding nature of the jobs, they do, nearly all children feel sleepy at work.
Table No: 4.26
Head ache
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

50.0

50.0

50.0

No

50.0

50.0

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: half of the children reported that they suffer from headaches probably due to chemicals, dust and
noise at the workplace.
Table No: 4.27
First aid box
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Yes

37.5

37.5

37.5

No

62.5

62.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: five children reported that they have no first aid box in their workplace while 37.5% said
they have access to first aid box in their workplace.
Table No: 4.28
Harassment
Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: no harassment at the work place according to the eight children interviewed.

55

Table No: 4.29

Teasing
Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: Teasing does not take place at the workplace as it is not allowed and both parents are supervisors
keen an eye on their children
Table No: 4.30
Physical Abuse
Valid

No

Frequency
8

Percent
100.0

Valid Percent
100.0

Cumulative Percent
100.0

Note: children and their parents agree that the supervisor in the wood works sector have good attitude
and do not physically abuse children in his employ.
Table No: 4.31

Valid

Starting Wages
Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

12.5

12.5

12.5

30

12.5

12.5

25.0

50

37.5

37.5

62.5

100

12.5

12.5

75.0

500

12.5

12.5

87.5

1000

12.5

12.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: This table shows that starting wage for children is only 30 PKRs going up to 500 while in one case
the wage is PKR.1000 per month. Most of the children are dropouts from school.
Table No: 4.32
Average Daily Working Hours
Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

12.5

12.5

12.5

10

75.0

75.0

87.5

12

12.5

12.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: Majority (75%) of Children work for 10 hours a day while 12.5% of child labourers said they are
working for 8 and 12 hours respectively.

56

Table No: 4.33

Average Night Working Hours

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

87.5

87.5

87.5

12.5

12.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: This table shows 87.5% of child labourers are not working at night while 12.5% are working at
least of 2 hours at night. Working at night has several risks including health and child abuse.

Table No: 4.34

Present Wages

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

100

12.5

12.5

12.5

150

25.0

25.0

37.5

300

12.5

12.5

50.0

350

12.5

12.5

62.5

500

12.5

12.5

75.0

800

12.5

12.5

87.5

2100

12.5

12.5

100.0

Total

100.0

100.0

Note: This table shows the present daily wages of child labourers and in some cases weekly.

57

6. Analysis of the Household Data in District Haripur

The Research Team selected the following four UCs for Household Data collection in District
Haripur

1.
2.
3.
4.

UC North
UC South
UC Wasti
UC Pannyan

Below are the Villages and Towns visited to conduct the household survey through questionnaires. The
frequency and percentage of households with child labourers is as follow.
Table 6.1: Village/town of district Haripur
Frequency

Percent

Kangra colony

14

11.7

11.7

11.7

chowki police

2.5

2.5

14.2

Ramzani

3.3

3.3

17.5

Bhati

.8

.8

18.3

TIP colony

5.8

5.8

24.2

chapar road

.8

.8

25.0

Afzalabad

4.2

4.2

29.2

Milam

1.7

1.7

30.8

TNT colony

4.2

4.2

35.0

khanpur road

1.7

1.7

36.7

Padany

.8

.8

37.5

Roshanabad

4.2

4.2

41.7

Hajiabad

11

9.2

9.2

50.8

central jail chowk

2.5

2.5

53.3

JIR ROAD

.8

.8

54.2

Valid

58

Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Railway road

5.0

5.0

59.2

Kalabat

3.3

3.3

62.5

Naseem town

.8

.8

63.3

Malik pora

2.5

2.5

65.8

Saeedabad

4.2

4.2

70.0

Raja abad

2.5

2.5

72.5

Shahmasoodmira

.8

.8

73.3

Pajwara

.8

.8

74.2

Noor colony

2.5

2.5

76.7

Dinda

1.7

1.7

78.3

Sherwala gate

.8

.8

79.2

Kahkka

.8

.8

80.0

Mohallahbabu

1.7

1.7

81.7

Changibandi

1.7

1.7

83.3

Toheedabad

1.7

1.7

85.0

Todu

7.5

7.5

92.5

Sariyala

1.7

1.7

94.2

Lorachowk

.8

.8

95.0

Pakpatanshariy

.8

.8

95.8

39 villages/sub-villages were visited to collect data from households on children working as labourers.
Total 120 household data were visited. Kangra colony Todoand Haji abad had the highest incidence of
households whose children are working. The child labourers in the Steel & iron, automobile and wood
works sectors are from outskirts of these villages and settlements. The houses were randomly selected
with the support of local activists and opinion leaders. The household exercise shows the other aspect
of child labour -it reveals the factors contributing to growing number of child labourers. The physical
environments, socio-economic condition of the households are the major factors.

59

6.2 The main source of Household Income:

Table 6.2: Income sources

Valid

Frequency

Percent

Skilled labour

70

58.3

58.3

58.3

Unskilled labour

26

21.7

21.7

80.0

Child labour

21

17.5

17.5

97.5

Business

1.7

1.7

99.2

Others

.8

.8

100.0

120

100.0

100.0

Total

Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Note: 17.50% of the household main source of income is Child labour. While In 58.33% of the
households' main source of income is skilled labour and 21.67% household main source of
income through unskilled labour.

60

6.3 Monthly Income of the Household

Table 6.3 Monthly income
Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

14

.8

.8

.8

15

.8

.8

1.7

5000

.8

.8

2.5

8000

3.3

3.3

5.8

Valid

9000

.8

.8

6.7

10000

2.5

2.5

9.2

12000

13

10.8

10.8

20.0

13000

4.2

4.2

24.2

14000

5.0

5.0

29.2

15000

16

13.3

13.3

42.5

16000

5.8

5.8

48.3

17000

3.3

3.3

51.7

18000

5.8

5.8

57.5

18200

.8

.8

58.3

18720

1.7

1.7

60.0

19000

.8

.8

60.8

20000

11

9.2

9.2

70.0

21000

.8

.8

70.8

22000

10

8.3

8.3

79.2

23000

1.7

1.7

80.8

25000

11

9.2

9.2

90.0

28000

.8

.8

90.8

30000

5.8

5.8

96.7

35000

3.3

3.3

100.0

Total

120

100.0

100.0

Figure No: 6.3

Note: The Monthly income of the family
depends on the number of persons who are
involved in skilled labour, unskilled labour and
child labour. However only 13.33 % households
enjoy total monthly earnings of PKR.15000.
The table shows minimum monthly income as
PKR.5000 and maximum as PKR.35000 only.

61

6.4 Literacy background of selected household with Child labourers

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Illiterate

60

50.0

70.6

70.6

Basic Literate

3.3

4.7

75.3

Primary

5.8

8.2

83.5

Middle

3.3

4.7

88.2

High

5.0

7.1

95.3

M.A or professional
degree

.8

1.2

96.5

dars e nizame

2.5

3.5

100.0

Total

85

70.8

100.0

System

35

29.2

120

100.0

Valid

Missing

Total

Figure No: 6.4

Note: 50% of the members of the households are illiterate. The 2nd highest percentage
shows that 29.17% of the households have primary level literacy.

62

6.5 Reason of Child Labour

Frequency

Percent

Poverty

47

39.2

47.0

47.0

Main earner died or not

working

4.2

5.0

52.0

Learning useful trade

.8

1.0

53.0

Family tradition

2.5

3.0

56.0

Education is not viable

.8

1.0

57.0

88

43

35.8

43.0

100.0

Total

100

83.3

100.0

System

20

16.7

120

100.0

Valid

Missing

Total

Valid Percent Cumulative Percent

Reason of Child Labour

16.67%

Poverty
Main earner died or not working
Learning use ful trade
Family tradition
Education is not viable
88
Missing

35.83%

0.83%

39.17%

0.83%

Figure 6.5:
Note: Data Shows that main factor behind child labour is extreme poverty and low educational
status. Other significant reasons include death of main breadwinner, family tradition and
desire to learning some viable skill.

63

6.6 Status of Household

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Own

49

40.8

40.8

40.8

Rented

39

32.5

32.5

73.3

Free occupied

32

26.7

26.7

100.0

Total

120

100.0

100.0

Valid

Status of Household

26.67%
40.83%

Own
Rented
Free occ

32.50%

Figure No: 6.6

Note: 40.83% of the households in which there are children working as labourers have their own
houses and 32.50% of the households live in rented houses while 26.67% of the households
live in houses without rent (free of cost). These rent free houses are mostly in or near the
Brick kilns in UC Pannaya.

64

6.7 Amount of Rent per month

PKR

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

88

82

68.3

68.3

68.3

1000

4.2

4.2

72.5

1500

3.3

3.3

75.8

1600

.8

.8

76.7

1800

.8

.8

77.5

2000

5.8

5.8

83.3

2500

1.7

1.7

85.0

3000

6.7

6.7

91.7

3500

2.5

2.5

94.2

3800

.8

.8

95.0

4000

4.2

4.2

99.2

5000

.8

.8

100.0

Total

120

100.0

100.0

Valid

If rented amount

0.83%
0.83%
6.67%
1.67%
5.83%
0.83%
68.33%
3.33%
4.17%

88
1000
1500
1600
1800
2000
2500
3000
3500
3800
4000
5000

Figure No: 6.7

Note: The maximum rent is PKR.5000 and the minimum is less than PKR1000. However the table
shows that in majority of cases the average rent is PKR.3000.

65

7. Information about migration status of the children's families

Children and their families in Brick Kiln sector are mostly internally displaced from Multan and central
districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. According to information collected, about 145 brick kilns are located
in District Haripur in which about 1450 children are working. Afghan children are also involved in child
labour- they are mostly scavengers, they also sell dry fruit and clothes.

8. Views of stakeholders
8.1 Mothers of Children engaged in WFCL
Focus Group Discussion was conducted with mothers of children engaged in Child labour. Total of eight
women participated in the FGD from village Hattar UC Hattar. They reported that their children are
working with their consent in various sectors including hotels, restaurants, automobile workshops and
Furniture workshop. They work 6 days a week. However, the children working in hotels have no days off.
The mothers reported that earnings of their children range between Rs50 and Rs.200 daily. Children
give large part of their earnings to their mothers and get pocket money for transportation and other
expenses.
The average family size of the women who participated in FGDs is five persons. In most cases, the head
of the family is a skilled labourer. Most of the mother said: It is not bad to send children for work
because they are male and they have to work to earn income for the family. The participants think that
it good to send children to school but due to abject poverty they cannot afford schooling. They say they
would send their children to school if their economic conditions get better. Sometimes children are sad
when they return from work because of the punishment/bad treatment by their
supervisor/trainer/owner. They are also aware of cuts and bruises children get at work.
8.2

Fathers of Children engaged In WFCL

Two Focus Group Discussions were conducted with Fathers of children engaged in WFCL in Afzal
Abadand Noor colony, UC South District Haripur. 7-8 members participated in the discussion. Father
said that their children are working in sectors like automobile, hotels, steel works and in garbage
collection. They feel that their children work in worst conditions and are involved in dangerous tasks like
exposure to acid, dust and handling heavy loads which adversely affect their health. We do not force
our children to work rather they work on their own accord. They work in day time and we do not give
permission to them to work at night time they claim. They say daily earnings of their children range
between PKR.50 to PKR.150. The fathers are happy that their children are learning skills. They consider
that their children are weak in education and this is why the children did not continue their education.
Fathers also expressed their dissatisfaction with the education system. They say gaining skills is better
than education. We take care of our children and keep an eye on them so that they are not

66

misused/abused or teased by anyone. They contend that if sometimes children's trainer/ supervisor
beats them, the fathers don't mind it because they believe that the punishment is good for learning.
8.3

Views of Opinion Leaders

Three FGDs were conducted with a mixed group of opinion leaders, including retired officials, teachers,
Imam Masjid, CSOs, councilors etc. in UC North and South. About 24 people participated in the
discussions. They admitted that child labour does exist and it is growing in the outskirts of the
settlements. They said that girls are also involved in child labour but this is mostly unnoticed because
they are working at homes. They also informed the survey team that nomadic children are involved in
scavenging while Afghan refugee children are generally engaged in dry fruit business and some of them
are also involved in smuggling and criminal activities. They say they feel deeply sorry to see the dismal
situation of working children are in and show interest in forming committees at the local level to combat
child labour. They suggested the following recommendations:

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

8.4

Improve the education system so that children are taught technical skills in schools
Provide free education to poor children and extend financial support to their families
Take measures to ensure a ban on corporal punishment in schools
Government should award scholarships to those poor children who are unable to meet their
education expenses.
Views of Government officials (EDO-Education, ADCO, DLO, SWO)

In-depth interview were conducted with the officers of District administration.

Most of them took up their new positions after their transfer from other districts. None of the officers
have detailed information regarding the number of child labourers in the district.
The social welfare officer in the group said that he established a shop for his son because he dropped out
of school because of corporal punishment by teachers. He said he tried to admit his son in a private
school but due to high fees and complex documentation requirements, he could not manage to enroll
his child in the private school. He ultimately opened a shop for his son instead of sending him to school.
According to ADCO, when the government takes action against child labour, the parents of the child
labourers do not cooperate and they assure us that their children work with their own consent. He
promised to pay a monitoring visit to Hattar Industrial estate to inspect child labour. He also admitted
that the government has no comprehensive policy and allocation of budget to combat child labour.
The EDO, Education said that he took some steps in Mansahera to address child labour by opening
technical centers in schools in districts where child labour is concentrated. Efforts were made to open
second shift classes for the children who are involved in child labour.

67

According to DLO (District Labour officer) majority of the working children are involved in sectors like
Brick kilns, wood works, steel works, auto workshops, transport and similar sectors. He said that he did
not receive even a single complaint from parents/citizens and community about child labour since he
was appointed to this post. In his opinion combating child labour can only be possible by eradicating
poverty.
8.4.1 Suggestions by government officials for combatting WFCL

Eradicating poverty is a prerequisite for eliminating child labour

There should be effective plans for developing technical skills units in schools
Broader reforms are required in the national education policy
Focus on the behavior of teachers, particularly primary and middle schools with a view to
improving their behavior and attitudes.

9. Recommendations
1. Child labour is a complex problem. It is rooted in the socio-economic environment of the
country and to combat it is a formidable task. Legislation to ban child labour can help
considerably but its alleviation is impossible without resolving the basic factors promoting child
labour. Mitigating poverty, curbing population growth, providing education and health facilities
and ensuring implementation of labour laws are essentials in this respect. A mass
communication drive for raising awareness is also required.
2. A strong political will is needed to withdraw children from the worst forms of exploitation. This
'will' must be a part of the national policy that ensures improved laws and their implementation;
better methodologies for identifying these children; raising awareness at all levels of society and
provision of viable alternatives for the children and their families, including rehabilitation
measures.
3.

Child labour issue needs to be handled carefully as removing a child from work may mean
pushing the child and his/her family into starvation. For, he/she may be the only breadwinner for
the family. In general, the response to the issue should center around the impact on workers.

4. If necessary measures are not taken to ensure the safety, education and development of child
workers in KPK, in general and the areas, including Charsadda district, close to the centre stage
of ongoing armed conflict in particular, there is every-likelihood that children will fall into the
hands of extremists. These areas lack industrialization and other employment opportunities
and may become recruiting centers for extremists, who are paying thousands of rupees as
salaries to their fighters. Frustrated poor, illiterate and unskilled youth will easily fall prey to the

68

propaganda of Taliban and their lucrative employment offers.

The following are some suggestions for resolving the child labour issue and saving the future of
generations in the district:
9.1 Regulation a foundation for action
1. Elimination of child labour basically needs a good national legislation in line with international
laws. Unfortunately however, the KPK government has failed to pass a child labour law following
th
the 18 amendment. During 2012, the draft of the provincial prohibition of employment of
children bill remained in queue for presentation in the assembly session. The bill calls for
prohibition of employment of children below 14 years of age. It does not completely ban child
labour in the agriculture sector however, it enlists certain processes in agriculture in which the
involvement of children in prohibited.
2. All national laws need to be reviewed and updated for effectively addressing the CL issue. Not
only labour laws but criminal laws and those relating to the protection of children or their rights
as well as removing inconsistencies among various laws should also be revisited.
3. Determining hazardous work is also very important. Otherwise the work that is likely to harm
children's health or safety cannot be effectively banned. Employers' and workers' organizations
should be taken into the loop in the process of developing this list.
4. The proposed laws should ensure access to free basic education and, where appropriate, to
vocational training for all children. The laws should also ensure that families and their working
children should be compensated once the child is withdrawn from work.
5. Severe penalties should also be prescribed for violators and the amount of fine must not be
eroded by inflation, while there should be a competent agency to implement the law. As
legislation is meaningless if it is not implemented in letter and spirit, the enforcement
machinery also needs to be properly funded for its effective functioning.
6. Regular labour and school inspections, training of the police and judicial staff are also necessary
as well as identifying and addressing main obstacles to the implementation process.
7. To accomplish these tasks, the government needs to be lobbied so that it makes elimination of
child labour its priority. Political parties should also be mobilized for forcing the government to
improve the laws bringing them in conformity with international labour standards.
8. All the NGOs, whether working in the field of child worker or not, should be invited to join hands
at least in the lobbying process.

69

9.2

Education - a tool to prevent, eliminate child labour

Education is a crucial component of any effective strategy aimed at preventing as well as eradicating
child labour. Children with little or no access to education have no option but to join the labour.
The decision of not sending a child to school may be made in the genuine belief that it is in the child's
best interest to work. Gender is also an important factor in decision-making about children's work and
education. Cultural norms exclude girls from education because of limited expectations of girls securing
decent, paid work. So returns on their education may be perceived as lower than that of boys.
9.3 Awareness/mobilization
A lot of work has to be done to raise awareness among employers of children and parents of the
importance of education, the hazards children face at work places and consequences of these.
Urgent need is that education personnel, from policymakers to teaching staff, are made awareness and
motivated, on the importance of the issue, its likely impact on educational success and implications for
education policies. Their capacity should be built so that attendance, retention and academic
performance of working children is enhanced.
Education authorities and systems have to be more responsive to the situations of working children if
there is to be any significant impact on the incidence of child labour through education interventions.
To make the intervention more successful certain steps may be taken. These can consist of the
following:
9.4 Task force
A task force may be set up comprising authorities of education, labour, social welfare and other relevant
departments, school principals, teachers' organizations, workers' and employers' unions and NGOs.
This task force should provide incentives to teachers, mobilize local officials to meet the local education
needs and set up child labour monitoring systems in the district. These will also advocate for increased
resources for basic education with special attention to children at risk.
9.5 Teachers' and their Unions
Being in direct contact with children and the community, teachers are well placed to help prevent child
labour. They can raise awareness, monitor ex-child labourers and at-risk children. Training them as
catalysts for change is a cost effective way of reaching out to students, local authorities and to the whole
community.

70

Teachers' participation greatly depends on professional benefits they get from the activity. How they
think and what they need should be a starting point in winning them over as partners.
Teachers' representative organizations can contribute in combating child labour by setting up
monitoring systems within the schools and the community. They can also set up support networks and
work closely with governments, local education authorities and NGOs to reach out to child labourers.
9.6

School Curricula

To raise awareness on child labour an effective tool may be inclusion of child labour issue into school
curricula, especially at primary level and it Psychological, economic, social impacts of labour on the child
personality and the community must be highlighted.
9.7

Security

Provide security for schools in neighborhoods so that security concerns may not deter parents from
sending their children to educational facilities. Presently, in many cases in Haripur, schools are located a
couple of miles away from homes.
9.8

School environs:

Teachers' training must be planned and carried out for improved school environment to check dropout
rate because of corporal punishment fears. Besides, training the teaching also needs recognition of
their services and an improvement in their working conditions and salaries.
9.9

Cost Factor

Cost of the intervention, both direct and indirect like tuition fees, transport to and from school, uniform,
books and the loss to the family of the child's income, may be a major constraint in applying this tool.
But seeing its universal efficiency, some measures may be taken to make the initiative cost effective.

Governments (federal, provincial and local) have the ultimate power to make policies and

allocate resources. These should be moved to initiate schemes for absorbing many direct and
indirect costs that bar the poor families from sending their children to formal or non-formal
schools.
Services such as school meals and health care can be provided.
Buildings of state-run schools may be used for non-formal education to save rental fees for
hiring private ones.
Communities may be mobilized for provision of buildings for education center(s).
Volunteers may be involved for specific education support tasks, particularly to act as teachers.

71

 NGOs may pool their resources for subsidizing the provision of copybooks and other writing
material.
Local and international donors may be approached for funding the whole or a part of such
initiatives.
Textbooks may be lent to the students to be returned at the end of the school year so that other
children could use them.
Crash courses or accelerated learning programs may be designed to get maximum results in the
minimum possible period for saving costs, both in cash and time. [Crash courses also enable
children who are behind in their schooling to catch up with the seniors in formal education.
In all this process, NGOs may (and should) play their role as mediators whose main goal would be to
encourage local actors and the government to take full responsibility for the provision of educational
opportunities to children in the target groups, implement key intervention activities and take
responsibility for their financing, and getting community members themselves to be involved in the
program.
Working through simple but effective income-generating activities, established within the school may
prove to be an effective alternative to families choosing to send their children to work.
9.10

Using Funds to prevent child labour

Poverty is presented as the main cause behind the issue. It is altogether a different story that child
labour may be a cause behind poverty in the long run. However, as there is no short-term solution to the
problem, some steps may be taken to mitigate the situation. These can include:

As only governments have the resources to act and get quick results, lobbying should be done

with both the federal and provincial governments for initiating schemes for poverty alleviation.
Governments may initiate a school insurance policy, for target children.
The governments consider organizing textbook lending schemes.
The governments should provide viable alternative economic opportunities to poor families an
important aspect of the intervention to create a substitute to the income brought in by
children's work and thereby enable the children to go to school.
The authorities should release funds from Baitul Mal for paying stipends to the students.
All the NGOs working in the area should consider pooling their funds to launch a scholarship
scheme of their own.
Both the above-mentioned steps may not cost heavily as the stipend/ scholarship amount may
be matched only to the opportunity cost (the amount the children are likely to earn as child
labourers).
The parents should be offered incentives like special skills training courses.
The parents and children above 14 years of age may be offered micro-credit for starting their

72

9.11

small businesses.
Some schools do have land, water and other resources available. These resources may be
offered for utilization to the families of child labourers in return for withdrawing their children
from work.
In respect of self-employment, students should also be taught on how and where to access
business support services, such as micro-credit programs, social protection services, marketing,
etc.
Some of the schools and communities have at their disposal various resources such as land and
water. Some income generating activities involving these resources may be introduced for
parents of child labourers.
Various income-generating activities can be held on school premises alongside education
programs to offset the schooling costs. Schools could also be used as community centers.
Youth of the targeted community may be offered special training programs
Using Trade Unions to fight against Child Labour

There are direct connections between worker rights and the fight against child labour. Strong unions are
an important protection mechanism against child labour. Because, when parents are able to improve
their economic conditions through effective unions, children are much less likely to join work.
Conversely, struggle against child labour strengthens unions and workers' rights in general. Therefore,
while working against child labour the aspect of establishing new trade unions and reinforcing the
earlier ones can be considered.
Recognizing child labour as a violation of children's and workers' rights, trade unions may join with
families and community organizations to combat the problem and move children out of work and into
school. Members of trade union(s) may convince employer(s) of child workers to forego the practice.
For unyielding employer(s), they may adopt the strategy of protest outside the office, firm, factory, or
shop. They may also mobilize parents and the community against child labour through campaigns for a
change in public opinion. They may campaign for institutions to adopt and enforce codes of conduct
against child labour. They may also use their collective bargaining strategies against the menace in their
respective employment places. They may file cases against adamant employer(s) for labour rights
abuses. They may also lend their support for promoting access to education for all children.
Trade unionists in particular must remember that working against child labour automatically improves
employment opportunities and wages of adult workers. Eliminating child labour means closing the
gates of exploitation by employers through cheap labour available in the form of children. So, struggling
against child labour is essentially struggling for one's own economic rights.

73

9.12

Rehabilitating child labourers

Children rescued from commercial exploitation, domestic work and street work in urban areas may be
put at community support and reintegration centers. The proposed centers can provide a variety of
services to these children. These included medical and psychological care; reunification with family or
supervised family-based living arrangements; support for enrollment in relevant education programs or
vocational training; placement in safe work apprenticeships in local businesses; and/or legal
consultation and protection for victims serving as witnesses.
9.13

Monitoring

A broad-based alliance of partners parents, teachers' and employers' organizations, trade unions,
NGOs, community-based groups is needed to set up child labour monitoring systems. The monitoring
will also ensure that former child labourers who have been provided with education services are not
lost after being removed from work.
As part of this process, school inspection systems can monitor school entry, attendance and completion
of former-child labourers who have been referred. At the higher level school directorates/inspectorates
of the governments should be responsible for following up the retention of the children at school.
9.14

School

Teachers are best placed to know if child labour exists in the communities where they work and live.
Through the very nature of their day-to-work in schools they may use formal and informal mechanisms
to keep an eye on children's absenteeism from school. School children who become child labourers
usually start showing signs that they will drop out from school well in advance of actually doing so.
Trained and sensitized teachers may identify this process and these factors.
9.15

Community

Communities may regularly and directly identify the places where the menace exists. They may refer
them to education and other appropriate services, verify their removal and track them afterwards to
ensure that their situation has improved. Communities may form child labour committees consisting of
parents, teachers and local leaders. This approach would mobilize local human resources within the
community to take action to solve its own problems a cost efficient strategy. This not only promotes a
greater sense of ownership of the initiative, but also helps ensure that assistance reached those in most
urgent need.

74

9.16

Workers unions

Workers and their unions can also play a key role in monitoring. They can bring issues to the attention of
authorities state, company, etc. before anyone else. Before intervention, union, if it exists, should be
consulted up front. Workers interviews and input should be made an integral part of it.

9.17

Public-private collaboration

Government agencies and community groups may collaborate to combat child labour from large-scale
factories to home-based producers. A local code of ethics may be developed to monitor and eliminate
the use of child labour. NGOs may also be partners as the NGOs may provide producers, whether largescale or home-based, child labour-free certification. This may generate extensive community
ownership for efforts to keep children in school and out of work.
9.18

Short term strategies

Ensure Health and safety equipment at work places by engaging District Labour officer and

9.19

ADCO through regular monitoring

Post complaint box in Government offices and local prominent place to take action against the
violation of rules and regulations
Working hour should be reduced from 12 hour so that children have sufficient time for
recreation activities
To ensure ban on Corporal punishment in schools, local CSOs , PTC and media to highlight the
issue and sensitize parents, citizen and teacher
Highlights the findings of the issue with CSOs, relevant department, opinion leaders and
influencing person to get their commitment and support to join the force to curb child labour.
Increase in Poverty triggers dropout ratio, which are the main indicators of child labour needed
to be closely monitored by the education department and all other departments, program and
project aiming arresting poverty.
First aid training and first aid box to be ensured in hazardous environment
Medium Term Strategies
All labour child families should be linked with BISP and other supporting institution PBM and
Zakat to reduce their poverty and curb child labour by involving these institution
To contact PPAF (Pakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund) to support CSOs for developing viable
project to curb child labour
Home-based income generating activities on a pilot basis started in houses having child labour
through local CSOs

75

9.20

nd

Initiating 2 shift schools in existing Government School premises with support of CSOs and PTC
Local administration should be motivated, TMAs to establish washing and sanitation facility for
child labour work places in Markets.
Get support of Health department to regularly check child labour through mobile medical
camps and provide free of cost medicine
Technical education should be made compulsory part of formal education in schools should be
ensured by Provincial Government
To engage all owner/employee of different workshop and with joint contribution purchase
safety equipment. The local CSOs can mobilize and motivate for joint and collaborative action.
Long term strategy

Education Reforms should be carried out keeping child labour in mind

Develop a strategic policy to curb child labour by Provincial Government and allocate a budget

to reduce the child labour in KP

Child labour data should be reflected in census and other surveys
Child labour families should be empowered through innovative income generating activities to
reduced their poverty and enabling them to switch-off their children from child labour to school
The Program and Projects of donor and Government level should focus on the causes of child
labour including poverty and death of the bread earner in the family be considered in their
criteria.

10. Annexes
I.
II.

All Data Collection Tools (Annex: All data collection tools except for HH Form)
Photographs depicting different hazardous processes where children are engaged (in jpg
format)
III. List of key persons (government officials, employers, NGOs etc interacted with including their
designations, contact details etc.
IV. Sources of data (primary and secondary)

V.

ToRs (the functional responsibility of each member)

76

Annexure I
FGD # 1

FOCUSED GROUP DISCUSSION

MOTHERs OF CHILDREN ENGAGED IN CHILD LABOUR
District:
Village:

Tehsil:
No of participants:

Union:

Date:

Moderator:

Initials:

Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7.
Q8.
Q9.
Q10.
Q11.

Q12.
Q13.
Q14.

Q15.
Q16.

Are your children involved in Child Labour?

Anyone who says no will be out of discussion due homogenous consideration
What kind of Labour?
Identify kinds on the scale of High / Low and Medium Risk
What type of Labour? Bonded or volunteer?
What are working hours? How many days / hours a week? Day / night shift?
How much they earn for you? How do they spend? Do they give you all of it?
Identify family bond / empathy
Mode of payment?Cash or kind? Other incentives?
Do you know their employer? Male or female? Who took them to work first time?
Identify concern / awareness on kind of labour and exposure to hazards
What are benefits of your children working?
Identify physical and economical benefits, Income sources
How many members in family? Who does what?
Identify demographics
Why you send them for labour? Don't you feel bad?
Those feel bad will make sub-group vis--vis those who does not feel bad
To those whoFeel bad: How and when will we stop? What you think we and you together can
do for this?
Identify interventions
Why not School? Don't you like education for your children?
For education vis--vis against education
To those who are for education: How and when will we give them education?
Identify interventions
Do you have anything against Employer?
Find out perceptions / reasons for liking / disliking and indicators of harassment / abuse
physical / sexual
Any incident of physical health deterioration of your child observed by you?
Do your children Share with you? Who shares most? Boy or girl? What they share about work
place / environment? Do they tell you about abuse by employer / supervisor / co-workers /
peers or others?

77

FGD # 2

FOCUSED GROUP DISCUSSION

FATHERs OF CHILDREN ENGAGED IN WF CHILD LABOUR
District:
Village:

Tehsil:
No of participants:

Union:

Date:

Moderator:

Initials:

Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7.
Q8.
Q9.

Q10.
Q11.

Q12.
Q13.
Q14.

Q15.
Q16.

Are your children involved in Child Labour?

Anyone who says no will be out of discussion due homogenous consideration
Sons or Daughters? Do they all work?
Identify perception on child Labour gender. Elabourate by asking why boys only or girls only
What kind of Labour?
Identify tasks on the scale of High / Low and Medium Risk
Type of Labour?Voluntary or bonded?
What are working hours? How many days / hours a week? Shift day / night?
How much they earn for you? How do they spend? Do they give you all of it?
Identify family bond / empathy
What is mode of payment? Cash / kind? Daily/monthly/weekly/seasonal/yearly/piece rate?
Any other incentive? What are benefits?
Identify physical and economical benefits, Income sources
Do you know their employer / supervisor? Male or Female? Who took them to work first
time?
Identify concern / awareness on kind of labour and exposure to hazards
Why you send them for labour? Don't you feel bad? Being father!
Those feel bad will make sub-group vis--vis those who does not feel bad
To those whoFeel bad: How and when will we stop? What you think we and you together can
do for this?
Identify interventions
Why not School? Don't you like education for your children?
For education vis--vis against education
To those who are for education: How and when will we give them education?
Identify interventions
Do you have anything against Employer?
Find out perceptions / reasons for liking / disliking and indicators of harassment / abuse
physical / sexual / emotional
Any incident of physical health deterioration of your child observed by you?
Do your children Share with you? Who shares most? Boy or girl? What they share about work
place / environment? Do they tell you about abuse by employer / supervisor / co-workers /
peers or others?

78

FGD # 3

FOCUSED GROUP DISCUSSION

WORKING CHILDREN (SINGLE GENDER)
District:
Village:
Date:

Tehsil:
No of participants:
Moderator:

Q1.
Q2.
Q3.

Union:
Initials:

Are you working? Where and since when?

Who took you to work? Mother / father / others / peers / friends/ factors?
What kind of work?
Identify sectors / tasks / hazardous process
Q4.
Why you work? Reason?
Q5.
Do you like this work?
Q6.
What type of Labour? Bonded / voluntary?
Q7.
Who is your employer/supervisor? Male or female?
Q8.
Where is your work place located? How far from home?
Q9.
Where do you live? Come back to home or live at work place?
Q10. How do you travel? From home to work place and back?
Q11. What are working hours? How many days / hours a week? Shifts day/night?
Q12. How much you earn? How do you spend?
Q13. What is mode of payment? Cash or kind?
Q14. How is payment made? Daily/weekly/piece rate/ monthly/seasonal/yearly?
Q15. Any other incentives you get?
Q16. How are the working conditions? Is there provision of Health & safety equipment? Like gloves,
masks, glasses, training, first aid box or others?
Q17. Are your brothers / sisters / relatives going School?
Q18. Do you like going to school?
Q18a. If no, What are benefits of work?
Q18b. If yes, What are benefits of School / education?
Q19. Given choice, will you go to school or work?
Q20. Do you like employer / supervisor behavior? How they treat you?
Q21. Are they harsh? How they respond when you make a mistake?
(a)
(c)
Friendly/Polite
(b)
Sexually Abusive
Hostile/Aggressive
(d)
Caring/Concerned (e)
Advising
(f)
Cutting Wages
(g)
Giving warning
(h)
Call his/her parents (i)
Leave Cancellation
(j)
Social Boycott
(k)
Physical Abuse
(l)
Psychological Abuse
(m)
Emotional Abuse
Q22. How you think we can stop child labour?
Q23. How you think we can promote education?
Q24. Are your elders for education or against education?
Q25. What are common illnesses you have? Do you think its because of work? What, when?
(Have you ever felt skin irritation, soar eyes, headache, cough after work or during work?)
Q26. What sort of treatment do you get from employer / supervisor when you fell sick / get injured?
Q27. How he treated you? Any incident you want to share?

79

FGD # 4

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

COMMUNITY MEMBERS (Retired Teachers/Retired Government
Officers/Numberdar/Counselors/Imam- Masjid/NGOs/Mohall-e-Dar)
(Mixed or separate)
District:
Village:

Tehsil:
No of participants:

Date:

Moderator:

Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7.
Q8.
Q9.
Q10.

Union:

Initials:

Are children in your community involved in Child Labour?

Anyone who says no will be out of discussion due homogenous consideration
Boys or Girls? Why boys only? Why girls only?
Identify perception on gender
What kind of Labour? Give options
Identify kinds on the scale of High / Low and Medium Risk
What are working hours? How many days / hours a week?
How much they earn?
Who are the employers/supervisors?
Identify concern / awareness on kind of labour and exposure to hazards
Do children of your area work else where? In what kind of work / task?
Do most (33% and above) working children belong to some specific sect / religion / caste / area /
language?
What is your opinion on Child Labour?
Those feel bad will make sub-group vis--vis those who does not feel bad
If you think it is bad and unjust for children How and when will we stop? What you think we
and you together can do for this?
Identify interventions

80

FGD # 5

FOCUSED GROUP DISCUSSION

SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN (MIXED / SEPARATE GENDER, SAME CLASS)
(Minimum Primary Students and Maximum Class 7 or 8th)
District:
Village:

Tehsil:
No of participants:

Date:

Moderator:

Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q3a.
Q3b.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7.
Q8.
Q9.
Q10.
Q11.
Q12.

Union:

Initials:

Do you like going school?

Are Teachers good natured / how is their behavior?
Are your brothers / sisters / relatives earning / working?
Working brothers / sisters / relatives Age?
What are working brothers / sisters / relatives working hours? How many days / hours a
week?
How much they earn for you? How do they spend? Do they give you money?
Do you know their employer/supervisor? Who took them to work first time?
Do parents treat them better?
Given choice, will you go to school or work?
What are benefits of work? From those who want to work
What are benefits of School / education?
How you think we can stop child labour?
How you think we can promote education?
Are your elders for education or against education?

81

IDI # 1

In-depth Interview for Government Officials

Rapid Assessment on Children Involved in
The Worst Forms of Child Labour
Province: ______________________
District: ________________________
Union: _________________________

Date: ___________
Tehsil: _________________________
Village: ________________________

To be filled in by interviewer:
1.

Name of the Respondent

__________________________________________________________________________
2.

Name of Visiting Place

__________________________________________________________________________
3.

Location of the Place

__________________________________________________________________________
4.

Nature of workplace

__________________________________________________________________________
5.

(For DOL) Number of Children Working in Tehsil / UC

__________________________________________________________________________

Interviewer's name
_______________________________

82

SECTION 1: DOL (District Officer for Labour)

Q1.From how many years are you holding this post?
(b) 6-10
(a) 0-5
(c) More than 10
Q2. What is the range of ages of working children in your area of responsibility?
(b) 11-13
(a) 5-10
(d) all of the above
(c) 14-17
Q3. What is your responsibility towards Child Labour?
(b) Occasional visits
(a) None
(d) Quarterly Visit
(c) Yearly Visit
(e) Any other________________________
Q4. What health & safety facilities do you ensure for working children?
(b) minimize the WFCL
(a) First aid box
(d) children caring in terms of wages, health & safety
(c) Medical specialist
(e) Any other________________________
Q5. How many of the working children are schools going under your area?
(a) Range: from_________to__________(figure)
Q6. How many workshops are in your area of responsibility?
(a) Range: from_________to__________(figure)
Q7. What are workshop timings for working children?
From___________to___________
Total hours________
Q8. What sort of PPEs (Personal Protective Equipment's) do you ensure for working children
during work?
(a) Gloves
(b) Helmets/masks
(c) Glasses
(d) Safety jackets
(e) Safety shoes
(f)Earmuff
(g) Others:__________________________________________________________
Q9. What sort of business/sectors/occupation in your area?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

83

Q10. What sort of hazardous sectors under your area?

____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Q11. What is your opinion about hazardous sectors?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Q12. Are children involved?
No
(a) Yes
(b)
Q13. Do you think; these children should go to schools rather than working?
(b) No
(a) Yes
(c) May or may not be
Q14.How many complaints by parents / employees or community on employers' for abuse /
harassment have you recorded since you are appointed?
(a) Range: from_________to__________(figure)
Try to get list of complaints record)
Q15. What measures have you taken to address child labour?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Q16. Have you ever made a yearly plan for the improvement of children's work place since you are
appointed?
(b) No
(a) Yes
Q16a. If yes, what sort of initiatives did you take for improvement of children's work?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Q17. How often (interval/duration) you meet employers in a month who keep children?
(a) Range: from_________to__________(figure)
(Try to get list of his/her field visits)
Q18. Have you ever been asked by your seniors to take care of this aspect?
(a) Yes
(b) No

84

SECTION: 2 EDO (CD)

Q1.From how many years are you holding this post?
(b) 6-10
(a) 0-5
(c) More than 10
Q2. What is your responsibility towards Child Labour?
(b) Occasional visits
(A) None
(d) Quarterly Visit
(d) Yearly Visit
(f) Any other________________________
Q3. What measures have you taken to address child labour?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
SECTION: 3 EDO (EDU)
Q1.From how many years are you holding this post?
(b) 6-10
(a) 0-5
(c) More than 10
Q2. How many of the working children are schools going under your area?
(a) Range: from_________to__________(figure)
Q3. What sort of business/sectors/occupation in your area?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Q4. What sort of hazardous sectors under your area?
(a) Names ________________________________________________________________
(Try to get list of hazardous sectors under his/her area)
Q5. What is your opinion about hazardous sectors?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Q6. Are children involved?
No
(a) Yes
(b)

85

Q7. Do you think; these children should go to schools rather than working?
(a) Yes
(b) No
( c)
May or may not be
Q8. How many complaints by parents / employees or community on employers' for abuse /
harassment have you recorded since you are appointed?
(a) Range: from_________to__________(figure)
Try to get list of complaints record)
Q9. Have you ever made a yearly plan for the improvement of children's work place since you are
appointed?
(a) Yes
(b) No
Q9a. If yes, what sort of initiatives did you take for improve of children's work?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

SECTION: 4 DCO
Have you ever made a yearly plan for the improvement of children's work place since you are
appointed?
(b) No
(a) Yes
If yes, what sort of initiatives did you take for improve of children's work?
_____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

SECTION: 5 Vigilance Committee

How many complaints by parents / employees or community on employers' for abuse /
harassment have you recorded since you are appointed?
(a)

Range: from_________to__________(figure)
Try to get list of complaints record)

86

IDI # 2

In-depth Interview for Employers / Supervisors

Rapid Assessment on Children Involved in
The Worst Forms of Child Labour
Province: ______________________
District: ________________________
Union: _________________________

Date: ___________
Tehsil: _________________________
Village: ________________________

To be filled in by interviewer:
1.

Name of the Respondent

__________________________________________________________________________
2.

Name of Visiting Place

__________________________________________________________________________
3.

Location of the Place

__________________________________________________________________________
4.

Nature of workplace

__________________________________________________________________________
5.

Total Workers Under the Employer / Supervisor

__________________________________________________________________________
6.

Number of Children Working Under the Employer

__________________________________________________________________________

Interviewer's name
_______________________________

87

Q1.From how many years are you running your business / Supervising?
(b) 6-10
(a) 0-5
(d) More than 15
(c) 11-15
Q2. What is the range of ages of working children?
(b) 11-13
(a) 5-10
(d) all of the above
(c) 14-17
Q3. What is your behavior towards children in case they commit any mistake?
(b) Sexually Abusive
(a) Friendly/Polite
(d) Caring/Concerned
(c) Hostile/Aggressive
(f) Cutting Wages
(e) Advising
(g) Giving warning
(h) Call his/her parents
(i) Leave Cancellation
(j) Social Boycott
(k) Physical Abuse
(l) Psychological Abuse
(m)Emotional Abuse
Q4. How your behavior is different from other employers / Supervisors?
(a) Same as other Employers / Supervisors
(b) Better than other
(c) Worse than others
(d) Don't know
Q5. Have you ever punished to working children?
(a) Yes
(b) No
Q5a.If yes, what was the nature of the punishment?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Q6. What range of wages (rupees) do you pay to working children?
(a) 0-500
(b) 501-1000
(c) 1001-1500
(d) 1501-2000
(e) 2001-2500
(f) 2501-3000
(g) Above 3000
(h) Other
Q7. What health & safety facilities do you have for working children?
(a) First aid box
(b) Ambulance
(c) Medical specialist
(d) Nothing
(d) Others
Q8. If any child gets injured, which step do you take?
(a) Take care with proper medicine& food
(c) Pay to child more than decided pay/wage
Q9. How many of the working children are schools going?
______________

88

(b) Take child to home

(d) Call child's parents

Q10. What are workshop timings?

from______to_______
Total hours________
Q11. What are workshop timings for working children?
from______to_______
Total hours________
Q12. Do you offer meals to working children?
(b) No
(A) Yes
Q13. What sort of PPEs (Personal Protective Equipment's) do you provide to working children
during work?
(b) Helmets/masks
(a) Gloves
(d) Safety jackets
(c) Glasses
(f) Earmuff
(e) Safety shoes
(g) Others
Q14. What are the hazardous works at your workplace?
(b) Spray fumes
(a) Heavy loads
(d) Smoke
(c) Welding lights/sparks
(f) Acids
(e) Cutters
(g) Hammers
(h) Other ___________________________
Q15. What mode of wages to you adopt?
(b) Weekly
(a) Daily
(e) Piece Rate
(c) Monthly
(d) Others
Q16. Do you offer any off day in a week?
(b) No
(a) Yes
Q17. Do you give any break time to working children?
(a) Yes
(b) No
Q17a. If yes then what is the duration of break?
Hours/Minutes_________________
Q18. Do you think; these children should go to schools rather than working?
(c) Yes
(b) No
(c) May or may not be

89

IDI # 3

In-depth Interview for Adult Workers

Rapid Assessment on Children Involved in
The Worst Forms of Child Labour
Province: ______________________
District: ________________________
Union: _________________________

Date: ___________
Tehsil: _________________________
Village: ________________________

To be filled in by interviewer:
1.

Name of the Respondent

__________________________________________________________________________
2.

Name of Visiting Place

__________________________________________________________________________
3.

Location of the Place

__________________________________________________________________________
4.

Nature of workplace

__________________________________________________________________________
5.

Total Child Workers working with Adult Worker

__________________________________________________________________________

Interviewer's name
_______________________________

90

Q1.

Where do you work?

Q2.

What kind of work?

Process 1: ___________________________________________________________
Process 2: ___________________________________________________________
Process 3: ___________________________________________________________
Process 4: ___________________________________________________________

Q3.

Do you like your job?

Yes
(b)

(a)

Q3a.

Ask reason?
(a)
(b)

Q4.
(a)

Q4a.
(a)

No

Why Yes: ____________________________________________________________

Why No: _____________________________________________________________

Are there any children?

Yes
(b) No

(c) Do not Know

If yes, How many?

1-5
5-10
(b)
Other
(c)

Q5.

What age and gender?

Male Number: _______
(a)
FemaleNumber: _______
(b)

Q6.

What are workshop timings?

from______to_______
Total hours________

Q6a.

What are workshop timings for working children?

from______to_______
Total hours________

Q7.

Do you work at Night?

From______to_______

Q7a.

Do children work at Night?

From______to_______

Q8.

Is there any hazardous job you do?

(a)
(b)
(c)
Yes
No
If Yes, Name: _________________________________

91

Q8a.

Is there presence of following in your work / Task?

(a)
Chemicals
if yes, Name: ________________________________________
(b)
Noise
(c)
Bruises
(d)
Cuts
(e)
Hammers
(f)
Others

Q8b.

How will you grade your work process / task on the scale of:
(a)
Low Risk
(b)
High Risk
(c)
Medium risk

Q9.

What kind of job is taken from children?

1.
_____________________________________________
2.
_____________________________________________
3.
_____________________________________________
4.
_____________________________________________

Q10.

Who trains children?

(a)
Ustaad
(b)
Any One
(c)
Peers
(d)
Others
(e)
Supervisors

Q11.

Is your work place atmosphere / environment good for children?

(a)
Yes
Why: ___________________________________________________
(b)
No
Why: ___________________________________________________

Q12.

Do you think / feel that it is good for children what children do?

Q13.

How is employer / supervisor / your behavior with children?

(a)
Friendly/Polite
(b)
Sexually Abusive
(c)
Hostile/Aggressive
(d)
Caring/Concerned
(e)
Advising
(f)
Cutting Wages
(g)
Giving warning
(h)
Call his/her parents
(i)
Leave Cancellation (j)
Social Boycott
(k)
Physical Abuse
(l)
Psychological Abuse
(M)
Emotional Abuse

Q14.

Are your younger brothers / sisters / relatives earning / working?

(a)
At same place
(B)
Different place

92

(c)
(D)

Q15.

Q16.

Different City / Village

Others

How you think we can stop child labour?

(a)
Education
(b)
Community awareness
(c)
Community Development
(d)
Work place improvement
(e)
Others
Is there anyone who mistreats children?
Yes
if yes, who: Employer / Supervisor / Co worker
(b)
No

(a)

Q17.

Are there girls working?

(a)
Yes
(b)
No

Q18.

If yes, What kind of work girls do?

(a)
Same
Other : _______________________________________________________________
(b)

FORM 2:

WFCL CHILDREN DATA COLLECTION FORM

93

Health Issues (Y/N):

Whistling
Slips and
Heat or Cold

Sound in

Stress

ear

Frequent

Eye

Frequent

Cough

Problems

Fever

Fatigue
Trips

Common
health
Problem
Physical Examination of Children's
Hand / body etc look for burn, cuts or
bruises

Work Place
Info: (Y/N):

Washing
Facilities

Eating
Facilities

Noise

Poor
Lighting

Chemicals?

If Yes,
Name

Sanitation
Bruises or
Cuts

Dust

Injury in last 6 months?

Explain
Feel Sleepy
during work
First Aid
Box?

Headache

Backache

What
happens if
one gets
injured?

Distance
of Clinic
Chaeercha
ar /

Harassment
Y/N if yes
explain

Teasing
Y/N, if yes
explain

Physical
Abuse Y/N,
if Yes
explain
nature

Monthly

Weekly

Daily

Piece Rate

Other

94

Annexure II
Photographs

95

96

Annexure III
List of Key Persons

S. No

Name

Designation

Address
District Labour Office Circular Road

Contact No

Mr. HameedurRehman

Labour Inspector

Mr. M. Mehboob

Owner MehboobBhatta

Mr. MalikObaid

Owner Rajput Furniture

Rajput Furniture SheharWala Gate

--

Mr. UmarKhan

EDO Education

EDO Office Haripur

0300-5791415

Mr. Waqas

Owner Waqas Steel

Mr. AbdulSher

Auto Mobil Shop Owner

Mr. MuhammadTariq

Sahara Youth wing President

Mr. GhulamRasool

Social Welfare Officer

Mr. MianZahoorulHaq

Social Activist

10

Mr. Haji Ishtiaq

U/C Secretory

Municipal Committee Haripur

0301-5400005

11

Mr. MuhammadAsif

Social Activist

Hattar District Haripur

0347-9012459

12

Mr. Syed Gul Jamal

ADC

DCO Office Haripur

--

13

Mr. Azam

Azam Dent and Paint Owner

Haripur

0333-5634543

MehboobBhattaHattar Road
PanyanHaripur

--

Waqas Steel Works Circular Road

Haripur
Sheryar Khan Market Haripur

---

Sahara Office Hattar Road Near

University of Haripur
Social Welfare office Haripur

0300-5103239
--

Sahara Office Hattar Road Near

University of Haripur

97

AzamDent and PaintBilawalPlaza

Haripur

0314-5339222

--

Annexure IV
List of Brick Kiln in district Haripur
S.No

Name & Address

1
2
3

A.S Bricks, Khanpur Road ChachianHaripur

A.Z Bricks, Chachian Khanpur Road Haripur
AB Bricks, Todoo Stop Kot Najibullah Hattar Road Haripur

4
5
6

Ahsham Bricks, Todoo Stop Kot Najibullah Hattar Road Haripur

Allah Walay Bricks, Chachian Borad Khanpur Road Haripur
Allah Wallah BricsTodoo Stop Kot Najibullah Hattar Road Haripur

7
8
9

Babar Bricks, Garian Near Bridge GT Road Haripur

Bilal Bricks, Garian Pannian GT Road Haripur
Bilal Bricks, Koka Chapper Road Haripur

10
11

Fahad Bricks, Kangra Village Haripur

Firdos& Haji Akhtar Nawaz Khan Company, Pandhn Hattar Road Haripur

12
13
14

Ghani Bricks, Garian Near Mashwani Petrol Pump GT Road Haripur

Golden Bricks, Kangara Colony, Near Kangra Market Haripur
Gujar & Tannwal Bricks, Chachian Khanpur Road Haripur

15
16
17

Gujar Bricks (Pvt) Jatti Pind Chaper Road Haripur

Haji Sher Ahmed & Company, Takia Stop Kot Najibullah Hattar Road Haripur
Hazara Bricks, Mankara Soka Moh: Miskeen Abad Haripur

18
19
20

Insaf Bricks, Chuck Shah Murd, Haripur

Islamabad Bricks ,mang Khanpur Road Haripur
Ittahad Bricks, Batrasi Khanpur Road Haripur

21
22

Ittifaq Bricks, Monan Murad Abad Haripur

Jappar Bricks, KokaChapper Road Soka Haripur

23
24
25

K Bricks (K.B) Monan Shah Murd, Haripur

Kashmir Bricks, GarianPannian GT Road Haripur
Khalabat Bricks, Haji Abad Near Kangra MoharHattar Road Haripur

26
27
28

Khan Bricks, Takia Stop Kot Najibullah Hattar Road Haripur

M.N Usman Bricks, Chachian Khanpur Road Haripur
Madina Bricks, Todoo Stop Kot Najibullah Hattar Road Haripur

29
30

Malik Bricks, Kot Najibullah Mohar Hattar Road Haripur

Malik Bricks, Garian Pannian GT Road Haripur

31
32

Malik Brothers & Bricks, Bakha Jabbi Pannain GT Road Haripur

Mashallah Bricks, Chachian Khanpur Road Haripur

33
34
35
36

Mashwani Bricks, Garian Near Panmmian GT Road Haripur

Masood Bricks Company, Mirpur, Haripur
Mohammad Abbas Khan & Sons Unit -1, Near Hazara University Campus Haripur
Mohammad Abbas Khan & Sons Unit - 2, Batrasi Khanpur Road Haripur

37

N.C Bricks Mang Khanpur Road Haripur

98

S.No

Name & Address

38

National Bricks & Company, Takia stop Kot najibullah Hattar Road Haripur

39
40
41

Nazir Khan Bricks, Sarai Saleh Kabian Road Near GT Road Haripur
New Akhunzada Bricks, Bakha Jabbi Pannian GT Road Haripur
New Haji Bricks ,Kangra Colony, Near Kangra Market Haripur

42
43
44
45
46

New Sarhad Bricks, Khanpur Road Haripur

Nisar Khan Bricks, Cuck Murad Shah Haripur
PRI Bricks Company, Tarianabad Industrial Road Haripur
Raja Tahir Bricks, MonanSoka, Haripur
Sadar Bricks, Kanalpura Near Pannian GT Road Haripur

47
48
49
50
51

Saidullah Khan Bricks, Near Safari Bricks Dohrian Mohar Hattar Road Haripur
Sardar Bricks, Chachian Soka Khanpur Road Haripur
Sardar Bricks, Near Labour Colony, Industrial Estate Haripur
Sarhad Bricks, Chachian Khanpur Road Haripur
Sarhad Bricks, SaraiGadai GT Road Haripur

52
53
54

SH ButtaKhust, MangKhanpur Road Haripur

Shan Bricks, Takia Stop Kot Najibullah Hattar Road Haripur
Talokar Bricks, TalokarSokaHaripur

55

Tanawal Bricks, Kaka Chapper Road Haripur

Tanveer Bricks, Near Labour Colon, Industrial Estate Hattar

56
57
58

Usman Bricks, ChachianKhanpur Road Haripur

Usmania Bricks, Kot NajibUllah Mohar near Industrial Estate Haripur

59

Well Come bricks Compan , Takia Stop Kot Najibullah Hattar Road Haripur

99

Annexure V
ToRs (the functional responsibility of each member)
Position:
Reported by:
Duration of work:
Duty station

Principal Investigator
Team leader
Two Months
District Haripur

Objective(S)
To Conduct Rapid Assessment as per the guidelines of ILO in 15 days and compile a standard draft report
and incorporates the comments arises through various forum before final printing of the report.
Role & Responsibility

Interview and selection of field team for conducting Rapid Assessment

Understanding of Tools used for rapid assessment
Gather secondary information of targeted Districts
Develop JDS of RA Team
Develop Framework of Study
Monitor field activities
Supervise FGDS
Verification of Data through SPSS
Start draft report as per outline
Arrange data chronologically and order
Submit draft report as per deadline
Compilation of comments received
Re-edit and submit Final report
Conduct meeting with field team to grasp their field observation
Manage Finance, logistic, security and administration of the whole study

100

Position:
Reporting to:
Reported by:
Duration of work:
Duty station

RA Team leader
Principal RA investigator
Field supervisor and 5 field enumerator
Two months
District Haripur

Objective of the Position

To manage the raped assessment team, logistics, finance, administration, security and team placement
in district Haripur, and to ensure rapid assessment deliverable in the field and compilation of data on
SPSS and analyzed the data for final report.
Role & Responsibility

1.
2.
3.
4.

Select rapid assessment field team as per requirement and experience

Conduct meeting with field team and prepare work plan
Manage the logistic arrangements for field visits
Linkages and established with key state holder with district Haripur supporting and facilitating
field team in conducting RA
5. Provide back stop report to field team in conducting FGDs
6. Periodic monitoring of field activities
7. Ensure proper documentation of data on daily bases
8. Compilation of data on SPSS system
9. Filter data to avoid discrepancies and missing information
10. Prepare analyses and tabulation required for final report
11. Provide assistance to principal investigator in composition of RA report
12. Develop security mechanism for field staff during in the field
13. Keep liaison with PCLU KPK and updated on the progress as per their request

Position:
Reporting to:
Reported by:
Duration of work:
Duty station

Supervisor
Team leader
Enumerator
Two months
District Haripur

Objective of the Position

To supervise the field team according their JDs and work plan and report to Team leader for daily
progress and submit document as per agreed standards.

101

Role & Responsibility

1. Ensure that the rapid assessment according to plan and schedule

2. Keep team leader inform on statues of all assigned duties & tasks
3. Keep in view standards, researches and obtaining all information needed for the successful
completion of the rapid assessment
4. Conduct meeting with enumerator and prepare work plan
5. Establishment of Linkages with key stake holders in district Haripur, supporting and facilitating
field team in conducting RA
6. Monitoring of all field activities
7. Ensure proper documentation of data on daily basis
8. Ensure timely documentation and editing field report before submission
9. Conduct meeting with Field team regularly and document their observation
10. Arrange logistic and maintain expenses documentation and submit vouchers for final approval
11. Provide Coaching and support to field team in conducting interviews, FGDs etc

Position:
Reporting to:
Duration of work:
Duty station

Data Enumerator (3 Male & 2 Female)

Supervisor
Two months
District Haripur

Role & Responsibility

Travel daily with y assessment team to pre-identified locations with high concentrations of
WFCL

Visit WFCL sectors (i.e. at brick kiln, auto mobile)

Correctly collection of all data required from each household, WFCL, IDI and FGDs showing
impartiality, dedication and professionalism.

Verify the completion of data collection at the end of each sector

Upload collected data on daily basis

Take direction and complete the tasks assigned to you by Supervisor.

Keep daily field reports

Develop rapport building with respondent before conducting interview or FGDS to win their
trust and confidence

Any other task assigned by the supervisor deem necessary for completing the assigned task

102

A study conducted with technical assistance of

ILO and financial assistance of EU under the
Combating Abusive Child Labour II Porject (PAK/08/03/EEC)