IPv6 First Steps

So#a Silva Berenguer

soa@lacnic.net

Internet and the TCP/IP protocols

1969 Start of ARPANET

1981 IPv4 definitions and the RFC 791

1983 ARPANET adopts TCP/IP

1990 First studies about IPv4 address exhaustion

1993 Internet begins to be commercially exploited

- Increased discussion about a possible address
depletion and the increase of the addess routing
tables

IPv4 Address exhaustion

IPv4 = 4.294.967.296 addresses

Initial distribution policy directions

Class A
o
IBM
o
HP
o
AT&T
o
MIT

o
o
o
o

DoD
US Army
USPS
........

Class B
Class C
Reserved Addresses

IPv4 Address Exhaustion

Proposed solutions
Palliative Solutions

1992 - IETF started ROAD working group (ROuting and

ADdressing).

CIDR (RFC 4632)

End use of classes = appropriately sized blocks

Network addresses = prefix/length

Routing aggregation = the growth in the size of the routing

tables

DHCP
Dynamic address assignment

NAT + RFC 1918 (Address Allocation for Private Internets)

Enable to connect an entire network with only one public

address

Solutions
NAT
Advantages

Reduces the need of public internet addresses

Facilitates the internal network address numbering
Hides the network topology
Only allows the packet entry to our network as a response to a
request from the network

Disadvantages

Breaks the internet point-to-point model

Hinder the functioning of a number of applications
Not scalable
Increase the process load in the traduction device
False sense of security
Unable to trace the path of the packet
Prevents the use of security mechanisms such as IPSec

Solutions
Palliative Solutions: Fall of only 14%

Solutions
The measures discussed above generate more time to develop a
new version of the IP protocol

1992 - IETF make the IPng working group (IP Next Generation)

Main questions:

Escalability

Security

Network configuration and management

QoS support

Movility

Routing policies

Transition

Solutions
Definitive solution

IPv6

1998 Defined in RFC 2460

128 bits for addressing

Base header simplified

Extension headers

Flow identification data (QoS).

IPSEC mechanisms built into the protocol

Performs packet fragmentation/reassembly on the

source and destination
NAT is not necessary, allowing point-to-point
mechanisms that facilitate network configuration
....

Why start deploying IPv6 today?

Number of internet hosts

Why start deploying IPv6 today?

Internet continues to grow

~2.000 millions Internet Users

~30% of world population

400% growth in the last 10 years

In 2014 cell phones, Smartphones, Notebooks and 3G devices should

reach 2.25 billion devices

IPv6 deploy in LATAM

Risks of not implementing IPv6

The non-implementation of IPv6 will:

Hinder the deployment of new networks

Slow the process of digital inclussion and reduces the
amount of new Internet users

Slows the emergence of new applications

Increase the use of techniques such as NAT

The cost of not-deploy IPv6 could be greater than that of

not doing it
Internet providers need to innovate and offer new services
to their customers

Related IPv6 RFCs

RFC 1287 - Towards the Future Internet Architecture.

RFC 3330 - Special-Use IPv4 Addresses
RFC 1380 - IESG deliberations on routing and addressing
RFC 1918 Address allocation for Private Networks
RFC 2131 Dynamic host configuration protocol
RFC 2775 - Internet Transparency
RFC 2993 - Architectural Implications of NAT
RFC 3022 - Traditional IP Network Address Translator (Traditional NAT)
RFC 3027 - Protocol Complications with the IP Network Address
Translator
RFC 4632 - Classless Inter-domain Routing (CIDR): The Internet Address
Assignment and Aggregation Plan
RFC 1550 - IP: Next Generation (IPng) White Paper Solicitation
RFC 1752 - The Recommendation for the IP Next Generation Protocol
RFC 2460 - Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification

Links
http://www.arbornetworks.com/IPv6research
https://sites.google.com/site/ipv6implementors/conference2009/
agenda/10_Lees_Google_IPv6_User_Measurement.pdf
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/48/51/44953210.pdf
http://www.ams-ix.net/sflow-stats/ipv6/
http://bgp.he.net/ipv6-progress-report.cgi
http://portalipv6.lacnic.net/
http://bgp.potaroo.net/v6/as2.0/index.html