Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Abu Maryam
When your language skills are not perfect, organizing your information in a
conventional way and using conventional language are very important.
Hilary Glasman-Deal
KATA PENGANTAR
Berbagai usaha untuk meningkatkan mutu akademik dan kualitas
Perguruan Tinggi di Indonesia telah banyak dilakukan. Salah satu upaya tersebut
adalah peningkatan kualitas penulisan skripsi, thesis, dissertasi dan jurnal ilmiah
dalam bahasa Inggris. Sayangnya, hingga kini masih sedikit mahasiswa dan
akademisi di Indonesia yang mampu menghasilkan tulisan dalam bahasa Inggris
dengan kaedah tata bahasa yang baik dan benar.
Walaupun tidak berbahasa ibu bahasa Inggris, para peneliti di Jepang,
Jerman, Prancis, Italia dan Korea sangat produktif dalam menghasilkan tulisan
ilmiah dalam bahasa Inggris. Mereka memiliki kiat tersendiri untuk menyiasati
kekurangan bahasa. Professor Antonio Strozzi, pengarang buku How to Write a
Technical Paper in English memberikan tips berikut:
sering digunakan oleh para peneliti kelas dunia. Kami memberikan banyak variasi
untuk satu bahasan tertentu, sehingga Anda akan mampu menghasilkan rangkaian
kata dan kalimat yang dinamis, tidak diulang-ulang dan monoton.
Akhir kata, keberhasilan dunia pendidikan Indonesia adalah keberhasilan
bangsa Indonesia untuk dapat berdiri sejajar dalam peta persaingan ilmu
pengetahuan dunia. Semoga buku ini dapat bermanfaat bagi perkembangan ilmu
pengetahuan di Indonesia.
Jakarta, September 2014
Penulis
DAFTAR ISI
Sebuah karya tulis baik itu skripsi, thesis, dissertasi ataupun jurnal ilmiah
memiliki ciri khasnya sendiri-sendiri. Meskipun sedikit berbeda satu sama lain,
semua jenis karya tulis di atas memiliki beberapa kesamaan yang cukup
mendasar.
Salah satu kesamaan tersebut terletak pada penekanan betapa pentingnya
kemampuan penulis untuk menarik perhatian pembaca sejak pandangan pertama.
Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan menonjolkan sisi keterbaruan dari riset yang
sedang Anda lakukan. Anda harus menjual penelitian Anda dengan memberikan
latar belakang mengapa Anda memilih topik itu. Apa saja fitur dan karakteristik
utama yang menjadikannya layak untuk diangkat menjadi sebuah topik penelitian.
Mengapa banyak peneliti lain yang juga tertarik melakukannya?
Selain itu, Anda juga perlu menjelaskan jenis dan model yang umum
digunakan berkaitan dengan topik tersebut. Paparkan juga secara ringkas
mengenai trend apa saja yang saat ini sedang populer. Peran dan kontribusi dari
peneltian tersebut juga perlu Anda jabarkan secara singkat agar pembaca
memahami aplikasi nyata dari hasil studi tersebut. Dengan menceritakan hal-hal
di atas, bukan hanya para pembaca yang dapat merasakan betapa pentingya topik
yang sedang Anda geluti, tetapi Anda juga sebagai penulis akan merasakan hal
yang sama sehingga akhirnya memotivasi Anda secara tidak langsung.
Untuk menuliskan secara detil tentang mengapa topik penelitian Anda
begitu penting bukanlah pekerjaan yang mudah. Terlebih jika harus ditulis dalam
bahasa Inggris. Ketepatan tenses dan pemilihan kata yang sesuai kerap membuat
pusing kepala. Untuk mengatasi keterbatasan tersebut, berikut ini disajikan frasefrase yang Anda dapat gunakan untuk menjelaskan mengapa penelitian yang Anda
lakukan begitu penting. Anda cukup mengganti X dengan nama penelitian Anda
dan menyisipkan karakteristik penelitian Anda ke dalam titik-titik yang telah
disediakan.
There has been some disagreement with regard to whether there is little
general agreement on
There has been some disagreement with regard to whether there is no
general agreement on
v) The community has raised some issues about
The community has raised some concerns about
w) Concerns have arisen the validity of
Concerns have been raised which question the validity of
Concerns have call into question the validity of
x) In the light of recent events in x, there is now some concern about
In the light of recent events in x, there is now much concern about
In the light of recent events in x, there is now considerable concern about
Karya tulis ilmiah yang baik dapat dilihat dari kejelasan tentang tujuan dan
kontribusi yang diberikan dari penelitian tersebut. Menulis tujuan penelitian yang
jelas dan mudah dimengerti bukan hanya bermanfaat bagi penulis untuk tetap
berada pada fokus penelitian namun juga membantu pembaca mengidentifikasi
kontribusi penelitian Anda terhadap ilmu pengetahuan. Hal ini akan membantu
karya tulis dan untuk secara luas dikutip dan dikembangkan lebih jauh oleh para
peneliti lain yang telah membaca tulisan Anda.
Berikut adalah frase-frase yang Anda dapat gunakan untuk menulis tujuan
dan kontribusi yang akan Anda berikan melalui peneltian yang Anda lakukan;
a) X is presented in order to
X is described in order to
X is analyzed in order to
X is computed in order to
X is investigated in order to
X is examined in order to
X is introduced in order to
X is discussed in order to
b) In this report we
In this paper we
In this review we
In this study we
c) This paper examines how to solve
This paper seeks to address how to solve
This paper focuses on how to solve
This paper discusses how to solve
This paper investigates how to solve
d) This paper is an overview of
This paper is a review of
This paper is a report on
Sama halnya dengan konsep penting yang perlu dijelaskan untuk merefresh ingatan pembaca, penggunaan istilah dan singkatan juga wajib untuk
diberikan di awal. Berikut adalah frase-frase yang dapat digunakan untuk
menjelaskan istilah dan singkatan-singkatan yang terdapat pada tulisan Anda;
Sama halnya dengan review literatur terhadap trend di masa lalu, review
yang sama terhadap trend yang sedang berlangsung saat ini juga sangat penting
untuk dibahas. Hal ini dilakukan untuk memahami perubahan trend yang terjadi
dari kurun waktu tertentu.
Mengingat porsinya yang dapat mencapai 30-50 halaman, mengerjakan
bab ini di awal penelitian akan sangat membantu Anda untuk fokus terhadap apa
yang sedang Anda kaji tanpa kehilangan konsentrasi dengan menyimpang ke arah
pembahasan yang tidak berhubungan. Selain itu, menyelesaikan bab ini di awal
juga akan mampu meringankan beban tugas menulis di akhir-akhir studi Anda,
terlebih menjelang deadline pengumpulan manuskrip tulisan.
Berikut adalah frase-frase yang dapat Anda gunakan untuk membahas
literatur saat ini yang berkaitan dengan topik penelitian Anda.
Lupa untuk mengutip kontribusi hasil penelitian orang lain dapat berujung
pada tuduhan tindakan plagiat. Untuk menghindari hal yang tidak diinginkan
tersebut, Anda harus mengutip kontribusi dari peneliti lain baik itu berupa hanya
berupa asumsi, model, formulasi rumus, atau metodologi tertentu.
Berikut adalah frase-frase yang dapat Anda gunakan untuk menyertakan
hasil kontribusi peneliti lain dalam tulisan Anda.
It has been suggested [5] that and this seems to be a useful approach
It has been suggested [5] that and this seems to be a innovative
approach
d) Budis [3] assumptions seem to be realistic
Budis [3] assumptions seem to be well-founded
Budis [3] assumptions seem to be well-grounded
Budis [3] assumptions seem to be plausible
Budis [3] assumptions seem to be reasonable
Budis [3] assumptions seem to be acceptable.
a) A well-known criticism of X is
Major criticism of X is
Serious criticism of X is
b) Research has tended to focus on X rather than Y. An additional problem is
that
Research has tended to focus on X rather than Y. Moreover X is
c) The main limitation of X is
The main downside of X is
The main disadvantage of X is
The main pitfall of X is
The main shortfall of X is
d) One of the major drawbacks to adopting this system is
One of the major drawbacks to using this system is
One of the major drawbacks to exploiting this system is
d) Our steps proceed very much in the same way as indicated in [Ref. 2].
First,
Our steps follow what is indicated in [Ref. 2]. First,
e) The procedure used is as described by Bambang [2013].
The procedure used is as explained by Bambang [2013].
Sama halnya dengan metodologi yang Anda gunakan. Alat, material, atau
instrumen yang Anda pilih dan gunakan juga harus dijelaskan secara jelas.
Kemampuan Anda menuliskan latar belakang penggunaan alat dan material
menunjukkan kapabilitas Anda sebagai peneliti.
Di bawah ini adalah beberapa frase-frase yang dapat gunakan untuk
menjelaskan alat dan material yang Anda gunakan pada penelitan Anda.
a) The instrument used was
The instrument utilized was
The instrument adopted was
The instrument employed was
b) The apparatus consists of . . .
The apparatus is made up of . . .
The apparatus is composed of . . .
The apparatus is based on . . .
c) The device was designed in order to
The device was developed in order to
The device was set up in order to
d) X incorporates the latest technological advances.
X exploits the latest technological advances.
X makes use of the latest technological advances.
e) The system comes complete with a
The system is equipped with a
The system is fully integrated with a
The system is fitted with a
f) It is mounted on . . .
It is connected to . . .
It is attached to . . .
It is fastened to . . .
It is fixed to . . .
It is surrounded by . . .
It is covered with . . .
It is integrated into . . .
It is embedded onto . . .
It is encased in . . .
It is housed in . . .
It is aligned with
It is located in . . .
It is situated in . . .
It is positioned on .
g) X was obtained from PT. Indoteknik.
X was supplied by PT. Indoteknik.
h) X was kindly provided by Prof. Bambang.
X was kindly supplied by Prof. Bambang.
It was decided that the best equipment for this investigation/study was to
e) An X approach was chosen in order to
An X approach was selected in order to
f) The design of the X was based on towards
The design of the X is geared towards
g) We chose/opted for a small sample size because . . .
We chose/opted for a small sample due to . . .
We chose/opted for a small sample on the basis of
h) By having X, we were able to
By exploiting X, we were able to
Through the use of X, we were able to
i) Having an X enabled us to do Y.
Having an X allowed us to do Y.
Having an X meant that we could do Y.
Pada beberapa kasus yang bersifat fakta atau ketetapan yang sudah
disepakati kebenarannya, Anda dapat menggunakan present tenses untuk
menjelaskan penelitian Anda meskipun hal tersebut telah terjadi di masa lampau.
Berikut adalah beberapa contoh yang dapat Anda gunakan.
a) In the first step of the process
During the first phase of the process
In the initial stage of the process
b) Once X has been done, we can then do Y.
As soon as X has been done, we can then do Y.
After X has been done, we can then do Y.
c) This sets the stage for the next step.
We are now ready for the next step.
d) At this point X can be
Now X can be
e) After these steps have been carried out, X
When these steps have been carried out, X
As soon as these steps have been carried out, X
f) With the completion of these steps, we are now ready to
When these steps have been completed, we are now ready to
g) This condition cannot be reached until X has been
This condition cannot be reached unless X has been
h) When X is ready, the final adjustments can be made.
As soon as X is ready, the final adjustments can be made.
i) The completed X can now be used to
The completed X can then be used to
The completed X can subsequently be used to
j) By reducing the amount of X, Y can then be done.
Setiap riset pasti memiliki beberapa hasil yang menjawab tujuan awal
mengapa studi tersebut dilakukan. Di antara hasil-hasil tersebut, tidak semuanya
mempunyai kontribusi yang signifikan. Untuk memberikan penekan hasil
penelitian Anda yang cukup penting, berikut ini adalah beberapa frase yang dapat
Anda gunakan.
a) The most striking result to emerge from the data is that
The most remarkable result to emerge from the data is that
b) Interestingly, this correlation is related to .
Curiously, this correlation is related to .
Remarkably, this correlation is related to .
Inexplicably, this correlation is related to .
c) Significantly, X is
Importantly, X is
Crucially, X is
Critically, X is
d) The correlation between X and Y is interesting because
The correlation between X and Y is of interest because
The correlation between X and Y is worth noting because
The correlation between X and Y is noteworthy because
The correlation between X and Y is worth mentioning because
e) The most surprising correlation is with the
The most remarkable correlation is with the
The most intriguing correlation is with the
f) The single most striking observation to emerge from the data was
The single most conspicuous observation to emerge from the data was
The single most marked observation to emerge from the data was
g) It is interesting to note that
It is critical to note that
It is crucial to note that
It is important to note that
It is fundamental to note that
Jika Anda memulai suatu riset di bidang yang sangat baru dimana belum
ada satu orangpun di dunia yang melakukannya, hasil penelitian Anda mungkin
akan memberikan inspirasi bagi banyak orang di seluruh dunia, baik itu berhasil
maupun gagal. Namun yang sering dan banyak terjadi adalah kita melakukan
sebuah penelitian yang merupakan pengembangan dari riset-riset sebelumnya.
Oleh karena itu, penelitian seperti itu tidaklah berdiri sendiri. Seorang peneliti
harus menjelaskan dimana posisi penelitiannya saat ini, apakah sejalan dengan
riset sebelumnya atau justru ia mendapatkan hasil yang kontradiksi.
Untuk menjelaskan apakah penelitian yang Anda lakukan sejalan
beriringan dengan penelitian sebelumnya, berikut ini adalah frase-frase yang dapat
gunakan.
a) Our experiments confirm previous results [Bambang 2012].
Our experiments corroborate previous results [Bambang 2012].
Our experiments are in line with previous results [Bambang 2012].
Our experiments are consistent with previous results [Bambang 2012].
b) The values are barely distinguishable from [Tina 2010] who
The values are scarcely distinguishable from [Tina 2010] who
The values are hardly distinguishable from [Tina 2010] who
c) This value has been found to be typical of X.
This value is typical of X.
d) This is in good agreement with
This is in complete agreement with
This is consistent with
e) This fits with [5] and also confirms our earlier/previous findings [9].
This matches with [5] and also confirms our earlier/previous findings [9].
This concurs well with [5] and also confirms our earlier/previous findings [9].
f) This confirms previous findings in the literature
This supports previous findings in the literature
This lends support to previous findings in the literature
This substantiates previous findings in the literature
g) These values correlate favorably with Budi [2009] and further support the
idea/role/concept of
These values correlate satisfactorily with Budi [2009] and further support the
idea/role/concept of
These values correlate fairly well with Budi [2009] and further support the
idea/role/concept of
h) Further tests carried out with X confirmed with our initial findings.
Further tests carried out with X corroborated with our initial findings.
Further tests carried out with X concurred with our initial findings.
i) As proposed by Budi [2011], the evidence we found points to
As suggested by Budi [2011], the evidence we found points to
As reported by Budi [2011], the evidence we found points to
As indicated by Budi [2011], the evidence we found points to
As put forward by Budi [2011], the evidence we found points to
j) Our results share a number of similarities with Budi et al.s [2012] findings
Our results have a number of similarities with Budi et al.s [2012] findings
Perbedaan bukanlah suatu aib yang harus ditutupi dalam sebuah penelitian.
Bukan pula ia harus dimanipulasi agar menjadi sama dengan hasil penelitian
lainnya. Selama metode dan seluruh proses penelitian yang Anda lakukan dapat
dipertanggungjawabkan, perbedaan justru akan berkontribusi terhadap bidang
ilmu yang Anda geluti. Bisa jadi hal itu justru akan menginspirasi peneliti lain
untuk melakukan penelitian yang sama. Berikut ini adalah frase-frase yang dapat
Anda gunakan untuk menjelaskan mengapa penelitian Anda memberikan hasil
yang berbeda dengan penelitian-penelitian sejenis sebelumnya.
a) It was found that X = 2, whereas Bambang [2011] found that
It was found that X = 2, on the other hand Bambang [2011] found that
b) We found much higher values for X than those reported by Ali [2010].
We found much higher values for X with respect to those reported by Ali
[2010].
c) Although that Li and Budi [2014] found that X = 2 we found that X = 3.
Despite the fact that Li and Budi [2014] found that X = 2 we found that X =
3.
d) In contrast to with earlier findings [Bambang, 2009], we
Contradiction with earlier findings [Bambang, 2009], we
e) This study has not confirmed previous research on X. However,
it
serves to
This study has not confirmed previous research on X. Nevertheless, it serves
to
This study has not confirmed previous research on X. Despite this, it serves
to
f) Even though these results differ from some published studies (Ali, 2011;
Budi, 2012),they are consistent with those of
Even though these results differ from previous published studies (Ali, 2011;
Budi, 2012),they are consistent with those of
Even though these results differ from earlier published studies (Ali, 2011;
Budi, 2012),they are consistent with those of
g) Budi et al. noted that x = y. Our results do not support their observation, in
fact
Budi et al. noted that x = y. Our results do not appear to corroborate their
observation, in fact
Budi et al. noted that x = y. Our results do not seem to confirm their
observation, in fact
h) Bambang is correct to argue that x = y.
Bambang is correct to propose that x = y.
Bambang is correct to claim that x = y.
i) However, his calculation only referred to the limited case of . and our
conclusion of x = z, would thus seem to be justified.
However, his calculation only referred to the limited case of . and our
conclusion of x = z, would thus seem to be justifiable.
However, his calculation only referred to the limited case of . and our
conclusion of x = z, would thus seem to be defensible.
However, his calculation only referred to the limited case of . and our
conclusion of x = z, would thus seem to be correct.
However, his calculation only referred to the limited case of . and our
conclusion of x = z, would thus seem to be acceptable.
However, his calculation only referred to the limited case of . and our
conclusion of x = z, would thus seem to be warranted.
j) Although our results differ slightly from those of Budi [2001], and Bambang
[2007], it can/could nevertheless be argued that
Although our results differ to some extent from those of Budi [2001], and
Bambang [2007], it can/could nevertheless be argued that
Although our results differ considerably from those of Budi [2001], and
Bambang [2007], it can/could nevertheless be argued that
k) Our findings do not support previous research in this area.
The current study does not support previous research in this area.
l) In fact, contrary to what was previously thought, we found that
In fact, unlike what was previously thought, we found that
In fact, in contrast with what was previously thought, we found that
m) These findings refute previous results reported in the literature.
These findings disprove previous results reported in the literature.
These findings are in contradiction with previous results reported in the
literature.
Given that our findings are based on a limited number of Xs, the results
from such analyses should consequently be treated with considerable/the
utmost caution.
Given that our findings are based on a limited number of Xs, the results
from such analyses should therefore be treated with considerable/the utmost
caution.
f) Other researchers have sounded a note of caution with regard to such
findings.
We should sound a note of caution with regard to such findings.
Hasil akhir yang jauh dari harapan bukanlah akhir dari segalanya. Bahkan
bisa jadi hasil penelitian yang kurang memuaskan dapat menjadi inspirasi bagi
peneliti lain untuk mencoba cara dan pendekatan yang lebih baik atau minimal
tidak mengulangi kesalahan yang sama.
Meskipun demikian, Anda perlu memberikan alasan terhadap hasil yang
tidak diharapkan tersebut. Apa saja faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya
hasil tersebut. Berikut ini adalah frase-frase yang dapat Anda gunakan untuk
menjelaskan tentang hasil penelitian yang tidak diharapkan.
a) It is very likely that participants may have erroneously
It is probable that participants may have erroneously
It is possible that participants may have erroneously
b) and this may have led to changes in
and this may have brought about changes in
c) The prime cause of the discrepancy is due to/a result of/a consequence of X.
The primary cause of the discrepancy is due to/a result of/a consequence of
X.
The foremost cause of the discrepancy is due to/a result of/a consequence
of X.
d) This apparent lack of correlation can be attributed to . . .
This apparent lack of correlation can be explained by . . .
This apparent lack of correlation can be justified by . . .
e) The reason for this rather contradictory result is still not entirely/completely
clear, but There are several possible explanations for this result.
The reason for this rather contradictory result is still not entirely/completely
clear, but There are several possible explanations for this finding.
The reason for this rather contradictory result is still not entirely/completely
clear, but There are several possible explanations for this outcome.
f) These differences can be explained in part by
These differences can be justified in part by
These differences can be accounted for in part by
r) Despite the fact that X was expected to do Y, it was not predicted that X
would also do Z.
Although X was expected to do Y, it was not predicted that X would also do
Z.
s) However, this is not particularly surprising that
However, this is not particularly given the fact that
However, this is not particularly in light of the fact that
However, this is not particularly if we consider that
Dalam beberapa kasus, hasil penelitian yang kurang memuaskan dan tidak
diharapkan adalah sesuatu yang tidak dapat dihindarkan. Oleh karena itu,
menghindari dan mengabaikannya bukanlah solusi yang terbaik. Yang dapat Anda
lakukan adalah memberikan argumentasi dan penjelasan untuk meminimalkan
hasil yang tidak diharapkan tersebut. Anda dapat memberikan alasan yang logis,
memiliki korelasi yang jelas dan tidak dibuat-buat. Berikut ini adalah beberapa
frase-frase yang dapat Anda gunakan.
a) Although performance was not ideal, we still/nevertheless believe that
Although performance was not perfect, still/nevertheless believe that
Although performance was not optimal, still/nevertheless believe that
b) This poor performance was not unexpected. In fact
This poor performance was not surprising. In fact
This poor performance was not very significant. In fact
c) This result was not expected/predicted/anticipated. However, the reason for
this is probably that
This result was not expected/predicted/anticipated. However, it is likely that
the reason for this is that
This result was not expected/predicted/anticipated. However, it is probable
that the reason for this is that
d) Our investigations so far have only been on a small scale . . .
Our investigations so far have only been applied to
e) These discrepancies are negligible due to the fact that
These discrepancies can be neglected due to the fact that
These discrepancies considered as insignificant due to the fact that
These discrepancies are of no real consequence due to the fact that
f) Despite the limitations of this method, and consequently the poor results in
Test 3, our findings do nevertheless suggest that
Despite the limitations of this method, and consequently the poor results in
Test 3, our findings do in any case suggest that
Despite the limitations of this method, and consequently the poor results in
Test 3, our findings do however suggest that
g) Since this was only a preliminary attempt to do X it is hardly surprising that
i) We believe that
We feel strongly that
j) There is evidence to suggest the hypothesis that
There is evidence to support the hypothesis that
k) It is proposed that
This may mean that
It seems likely that
It may be assumed that
l) This implies that
This suggests that
This would appear to indicate that
m) The results point to the likelihood that
The results point to the probability that
n) There is a strong probability that
There is a definite probability that
There is a clear probability that
There is a good probability that
Di antara beberapa hasil penelitian Anda, mungkin terdapat satu atau dua
hasil yang signifikan dan menarik untuk dibahas. Berikut ini adalah beberapa
frase yang dapat Anda gunakan untuk menegaskan hasil penelitian yang Anfa
dapatkan.
Inovasi yang Anda lakukan baik itu berupa strategi baru, metode alternatif
ataupun hasil yang memuaskan adalah nilai jual karya tulis Anda. Oleh karena itu,
penting untuk menegaskan kembali tentang pencapaian yang telah Anda lakukan
di bagian akhir kesimpulan. Di bawah ini adalah frase-frase yang dapat Anda
gunakan untuk menggarisbawahi hal-hal penting pada penelitian Anda.
a) We have devised a methodology which
We have devised a procedure which
We have devised a strategy which
b) Our research/this paper has highlighted the importance of
Our research/this paper has stressed the importance of
Our research/this paper has underlined the importance of
c) We have managed to do X.
We have succeeded in doing X.
We have been able to do X.
We have found a way to do X.
d) We have found an innovative solution for
We have found a new solution for
We have found a novel solution for
We have found a cutting-edge solution for
e) We have obtained accurate results showing/proving/demonstrating that
We have obtained satisfactory results showing/proving/demonstrating that
We have obtained comprehensive results showing/proving/demonstrating
that
f) We have confirmed that
We have provided further evidence that
We have demonstrated that
g) Considerable progress has been made with regard to
Considerable insight has been gained with regard to
Isolasi hasil penelitian pihak akademisi dari dunia industri sering menjadi
topik hangat. Banyaknya hasil riset yang tidak dapat dimanfaatkan oleh sektor
industri kerap memburuk keadaan ini. Atas dasar itu, sangat penting bagi Anda
untuk memberikan penjelasan mengenai penerapan dan aplikasi hasil penelitian
Anda.
Berikut ini adah frase-frase yang dapat Anda gunakan untuk menjelaskan
hal yang telah disebutkan di atas.
a) X is suitable for . . .
X has the potential to
b) This work has revealed that
This work has shown that
This work has highlighted that
This work has demonstrated that
This work has proved that
c) This study is the first step towards enhancing our understanding of
This study has gone some way towards enhancing our understanding of
d) These observations have several implications for research into
These observations have three main implications for research into
These observations have many implications for research into
e) The present findings might help to solve this problem.
The present findings might help have important implications for solving this
problem.
The present findings might help suggest several courses of action in order to
solve this problem.
f) Our method could be applied to
Our technique could be applied to
Our approach could be applied to
Our procedure could be applied to
g) One possible application of our technique would be
resolve . . .
tackle . . .
solve . . .
deal with
Untuk menjelaskan tabel dan gambar yang ada pada laporan penelitian
Anda, berikut ini adalah frase-frase yang dapat Anda gunakan.
a) As far as X is concerned
As far as Xs are concerned
b) If we now turn to the second part
Turning now to the second part
Let us now look at the second part
c) As regards, it was found that
Regarding, it was found that
Regarding the use of, it was found that
As for X, it was found that
Pada beberapa kasus, Anda dapat merujuk beberapa sumber yang lebih
detil dan lengkap pada laporan penelitian Anda. Hal ini dilakukan agar para
pembaca mendapatkan sumber informasi yang lebih komprehensif.
Daftar Pustaka
Goldbort R. Writing for Science, Yale University Press. 2006
Day R. How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper, Cambridge University
Press. 2006
Highman N. Handbook of Writing for the Mathematical Sciences, SIAM. 1998
Maeve OConnor, Writing Successfully in Science, HarperCollinsAcademic
Ken Lertzmans Notes on Writing Papers and Theses. http://aerg.canberra.edu.au/edulertz.htm
BACK COVER
Sebelum menulis skripsi, thesis, ataupun jurnal ilmiah, Anda tentunya
menghabiskan banyak waktu untuk membaca tumpukan jurnal dalam bahasa
Inggris yang berhubungan dengan topik penelitian Anda. Sedikit demi sedikit
Anda mulai menemukan dan mengumpulkan frase dan ungkapan penting yang
sering Anda temui. Frase-frase tersebut bersifat generic. Artinya Anda tidak akan
melanggar hak cipta dan dianggap melakukan tindakan plagiat karena
menggunakannya. Yang perlu Anda lakukan adalah menyisipkan data dan hasil
penelitian Anda ke dalam ungkapan-ungkapan tersebut. Hilary Glasman-Deal,
pengarang buku Science Research Writing For Non-Native Speakers of English
dan seorang trainer penulisan karya tulis ilmiah di Imperial College London
memberikan kiat jitu berikut ini:
When your language skills are not perfect, organizing your information in a
conventional way and using conventional language are very important.
Sayangnya, banyak diantara kita yang salah dalam memilih frase-frase
tersebut. Ironisnya, frase tersebut bahkan digunakan dalam konteks yang tidak
tepat. Buku ini menyajikan berbagai macam ungkapan-ungkapan penting dalam
bahasa Inggris dengan kaidah tata bahasa yang sesuai. Penting juga untuk
mengetahui bahwa para dewan juri dalam sebuah jurnal internasional akan merasa
risih dengan penggunaan istilah yang jarang digunakan atau terdengar aneh. Oleh
karena itu, buku ini juga memberikan banyak variasi ungkapan yang sering
digunakan oleh peneliti kelas dunia, sehingga Anda mampu menghasilkan
rangkaian kata dan kalimat yang mengalir dinamis dan tidak diulang-ulang. Anda
dapat menggunakan frase-frase yang ada dalam buku ini sebagai template untuk
nantinya dapat Anda gunakan kembali pada riset-riset selanjutnya.
BIOGRAFI PENULIS