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7497318
Low-cost Rainwater Storage System
Overflow protection
Material choice for Reservoir
Ultraviolet Resistance (UV-Resistance)
Oxygen supply for stored water
Quite incoming water / clear outgoing water from surface
Temperature
Mosquito and animal protection
Complete costs incl. transport and local work
Bigger units and modular systems
Iron fence
Mesh size 12,5mm x 12,5 mm (standard)
55,20 per roll / 25m/roll / 2,5 strips = 0,88 /m [1,24 $/m]
Mesh size 25mm x 50mm (50% cost reduction) because of less material and machine
hours. 0,44 /m [0,62 $/m]
Diameter 50mm 0,60 / m and 0,5 h more time to prepare (cutting) the drainpipe.
about 5m + 1m are needed => 3,60 [5,04$]for one roof side
(one more meter because of curved endings)
Conclusion: good working system less expensive easy to fix and less risk of rapair.
Decision:
Both systems cut drainpipe and fence with foil inlay are working low cost solutions.
If low cost is top you have to take fence with foil, but in the long term run I think the cut
drainpipe will be better because of less risk of repair. The low cost systems are not 100%
dense. They just have to collect an high amount of rainfall.
There is an option without rain gutter see (chapter 7), it is extreme cost reduced but it
needs very much working hours, maintenance and a relative high risk of repair and
failure.
delivery condition
Principle of fire fighter tube , but just with thin plastic foil (0,1mm).
4) Filter
There are several filter systems available. High-Tech Filters with good cleaning results
and no maintenance like hydraulic jump filters or filter collectors. But the prices are not
acceptable 97,50 (reseller price) for hydraulic jump filter or 89,00 for filter collector.
Hydraulic Jump Filter (Diameter 100mm)
As water flows over a stone, its surface is smoothed, rounded and the waterflow is
substantially changed by the height drop, from a sub-critical to a super-critical flow. At
the bottom of the dip, the waterflow changes again to a sub-critical flow in a process now
commonly known as hydraulic jump This resulting increase in water power is similar to a
22,02 [30,82$]
[110,60$]
36,48 [51,02$]
14,22 [19,91 $]
79,00
But it is still to expensive. If you want to have a less budget solution you have to accept a
minimum of maintenance and you have to use easy standard parts. No filtration will not
work, because the waste is collected at the ground of the storage system . Then non
oxygen microbes will make the water uneatable.
The prices are as follows (all prices are checked wholesaling prices) The grid have to be
manufactured. If you buy more than 20.000 parts a price of 0,15 per piece is possible.
More will be cheaper of course.
Pricing of single parts of the filter:
1) Branch
2) Grid
3) Double Collar
4) Rubber Ring
5) Nylon Filter
6) Central Pipe
7) Grid
8) Reduction
1,59
0,15
1,26
0,30
0,41
1,74
0,15
0,78
2,23 $
0,21 $
1,76 $
0,42 $
0,57 $
2,44 $
0,21 $
1,09 $
Total
6,48
9,07 $
50% of the cheapest product you can buy but the same quality and amount of water as the
high end filters. The assembly time will be about 15 min. It is not difficult so you can do
it in the target country to reduce costs.
You can save some more money, if you design your own case. Then you can make No.
1,2,3 as one part and No. 6,7,8 as one part. If the number of parts will be o.k. you can
reduce the price down to 4,50 [ 6,30 $] per unit
Sand filter
Shown at the extreme low cost solution (see chapter 7) I used a sand filter. It is very
cheap. You only need a few square meters of foil and a little sand. But it will need
maintenance (cleaning the sand several times) and it needs place near by the wall.
Schtz 120 [168$] 600liter Intewa 260 [364$] 1100 liter Graf 27 [38 $] 500 liter
200 liter
4,91
Conclusion: it will be a working solution, but there will be high costs for design and
testing. Because of the option to repair you have to use PVC. So you have to produce
a large quantity to hold the prices. There will be some problems on top which does not
exist for leisure use. The live time has to be much longer. For example you have use
ultraviolet resistant foils. It will be better to use a multi air chamber system to avoid a
complete failure of the system.
The price is o.k. but not really cheap.
foil inlay
big bag
Based on this idea a have designed a rainwater storage big bag. It is a 6-corner (near by
circle) with long straps to hold stabilisation pipes. So you can have very light and good
for transportation solution. As inlay I took one with just one hole in the top. So the risk
of pollution and unwanted animals (insects) is minimised. Overflow and water
withdrawal is no problem
(see chapter 6 and A)
1) Outside Bag
2) Inside Bag
3) Pipe 1200mm
4) Pipe 411 mm
Units
Total
4,05
incl.
0,08
0,03
1 piece
1 piece
6 pieces
6 pieces
4,05
0,48
0,18
5,67 $
0,67 $
0,25 $
4,71
6,59 $
Total
Conclusion: it will be a good working solution and my top one, using a proofed
system for transportation in the building construction industry. The inlay foil bag is
not 100% leak proof just 99,99999%. That depends on the weldseam. But the leaks are
not going bigger. It is just like sweating a few drops per day. This is acceptable.
There are two options for the positioning of the bag: downside in earth like seen in
chapter 7 or on the ground. You can save a little bit of costs (stabilisation pipes) but
this is not a real advantage. The real advantage is the cold and lightless storage. But
the work to make the whole in hard ground makes it sometimes easier to deposit the
reservoir at the surface. If you will put the reservoir inside earth you also have to dig a
hole for water withdrawal which needs time and local material.
6. Water Withdrawal
You have to make a hole downside the reservoir an to fix a connector at the foil for the
tube. At first you think it will be the easiest to fix the connector by gluing or melting.
Gluing (only PVC) with local workers you take the risk of leaking. But you have to do it
with developed country man power so you have to pay at least 1,00 [1,40$] for fixing.
The second problem is the position of the hole. There will be no chance to change the
position.
No-valve system
1) Tube Connector
2) Tube Sheetl
3) Rubber Seal
4) Screw
5) Tube
6) Hose Clip
Units
Total
1,20
0,20
0,09
0,02
0,63 / m
0,16
1 piece
1 piece
1 piece
4 pieces
1,5 m
1 piece
1,20
0,20
0,09
0,08
0,95
0,16
1,68 $
0,28 $
0,13 $
0,11 $
1,33 $
0,22 $
Total
2,68
3,75 $
With glued connectors you can save 0,37 [0,52 $] of material but you have to solve the
problem of local gluing. So I have calculated the saver solution.
The prices are as follows (all prices are checked wholesaling prices). The thickness of the
foil has a main influence of the costs. If you check the ground for sharp pieces before
Example for PVC-foil for garden ponds. Price for 0,5 mm incl. tax and no reseller
discount.
Without tax and incl. wholesale for 0,2mm:
Plastic foil (0,25mm):
0,0025dm x 10dm x 10dm x 1,2 kg/dm3 x 0,90 per kg = 0,28 /m [0,39 /m]
Units
1) Reservoir Foil
per m
0,28
2,4m x 6m= 14,4m
2) Sand Bed
local material
3) Plank
local material like bamboo or boughs
4) Cover Foil [0,12mm] per m:
0,14
1,5m x 6m= 9,0m
5) Overflow with fence 0,41 + 0,15
3 pieces
6) Straw
local material
Total
Total
Storage
Total
Filtration
3,23
1,26
-
0,65
1,68
-
4,49
2,33
There is no special training necessary so. So you just need 2 x 8 h of your own local work
to fix the whole system.
Resumee:
It is not much cheaper than the Big Bag solution, but it has got an extremely low cost
filtration system and it needs no rain gutter. If you have a hard ground or not enough
space in front of the house it will be difficult to realize this solution.
5) Tube 1
6) Cable Clip
Units
Total
1,02 / m
0,02
0,15 m
1 piece
0,15
0,02
0,21 $
0,02 $
Total
0,17
0,23 $
You can add drainpipes of foil tubes at the end. The length depends on the local
situation so you cannot make any pricing. For prices per meter see chapter ground
pipe.
B) Material choice for reservoir
Generally you can use vinyl plastic like polyvinychloride (PVC) or vinyl free plastic
like Polyethylen (PE). The price is in the long term run is a little bit better for PVC.
Recycling is easier for PE, but it is much more difficult to repair PE for not qualified
workers.
So if there will be a risk of failure or leaking I would prefer PVC. If there is no risk of
failure would prefer PE.
For the calculation for easy part like foils I have taken the commodity price
multiplied with the factor 2,0 . this means for PVC 0,90 / kg and for PE 1,10 /
kg.
Solar ventilation:
You will need two openings for air conditioning In and out. To guarantee moving
air you will usually use an electrical van. In our case this will be much to
expensive. So I will use the effect, that warm air is going up. Ingoing Air will
come from the overflow opening and the outgoing air will end into a black tube
like a smoke pipe. Because of the black colour the air is getting hot and going
upside. The hot air is made outside the reservoir so temperature will not be a
problem.
Units
Total
1,5 m
1 piece
0,38
0,16
0,53 $
0,22 $
Total
0,44
0,75 $
Resumee: Because of the minimum of costs you should ad the solar ventilation to
enlarge the storage time.
E) Quite incoming water / clear outgoing water from surface
If there is only a open pipe for the incoming water there will be much turbulence in
the storage and small pollution on the ground of the reservoir in moving around drops
down the quality of the water. To avoid this effect put one meter of foil pipe (chapter
ground pipes) at the end of the incoming pipe and fix it with a hose clip. So the
water is running through the foil pipe and slowed down and the turbulence is
minimized.
The best quality of water is a few cm down from surface. To get this water by
withdrawal you substitute the one ending connecter by an double ending connector
and a thin flexible tube of 1m inside the reservoir. At the end of the tube you fix a
small block of Styrofoam so the end of the tube will swim near the surface.
Costs of incoming and outgoing water optimising:
Price per Unit
1) Flexible Tube
2) Hose Clip
3) Styrofoam
4) Cable Clip 1
5) Foil Tube
0,46 / m
0,16
0,02
0,02
0,011 / m
Units
Total
1,0 m
1 piece
1 piece
1 piece
1 ,0 m
Total
0,46
0,16
0,02
0,02
0,011
0,67
0,64 $
0,22 $
0,02 $
0,028 $
0,015 $
0,94 $
Resume: You should invest this money to get a better quality of water. The budget
20$ is still o.k.
4,71
2,68
0,17
6,59 $
3,75 $
0,23 $
0,67
0,44
8,76
(0,94 $)
(0,75 $)
12,26 $
0,89
1,75
1,25 $
2,45 $
1,28
1,80 $
12,68
17,76 $
4,50
6,30 $