Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Nitat Tangpinijkul
Post-harvest Engineering Research Group
Agricultural Engineering Research Institute
Department of Agriculture
Rice Milling
The processes of converting paddy into rice
Removing the husk from the paddy
Removing all or part of the bran layer
Paddy quality
Type of machinery, efficiency, system
Operator
Others
milling degree
ambient condition
Course
Module 4
Lesson 1
:
:
:
Grain Quality
Rice Milling
Introduction to the milling process and its outputs
Good
Equipment
Good Paddy
Rice
If
Then
Skilled
Miller
Course
Module 3
Lesson 1
:
:
:
Grain Quality
Determining the Physical Characteristics of Paddy Rice
The quality characteristics
Course
Module 3
Lesson 1
:
:
:
Grain Quality
Determining the Physical Characteristics of Paddy Rice
The quality characteristics
Course
Module 3
Lesson 1
:
:
:
Grain Quality
Determining the Physical Characteristics of Paddy Rice
The quality characteristics
Course
Module 3
Lesson 1
:
:
:
Grain Quality
Determining the Physical Characteristics of Paddy Rice
The quality characteristics
Course
Module 3
Lesson 1
:
:
:
Grain Quality
Determining the Physical Characteristics of Paddy Rice
The quality characteristics
Course
Module 3
Lesson 1
:
:
:
Grain Quality
Determining the Physical Characteristics of Paddy Rice
The quality characteristics
Course
Module 3
Lesson 1
:
:
:
Grain Quality
Determining the Physical Characteristics of Paddy Rice
The quality characteristics
Grain Dimension
Grain size and shape (length-width ratio) is a varietal
property. Long slender grains normally have greater
breakage than short, bold grains and consequently have a
lower milled rice recovery
Type of Paddy :
Extra long
Long
Medium
Short
Sub-type of Paddy
Slender
Bold
Round
Chalkiness
grain with opaque areas in the endosperm, caused by
the loose packing of the starch and protein particles,
breaks more readily during milling than clear grain,
greatly reducing its market value
controlled by genetic and environment
white center
white belly
white back
Purity of paddy
Milling Recovery = Weight produced milled rice x 100%
Weight processed paddy
Purity %
100
99
98
97
96
95
Impurity %
0
1
2
3
4
5
Milled rice %
68.00
67.32
66.54
65.96
65.28
64.60
Cracks
Bran
Rice
grain
Embryo
Bran
Embryo
Rice flour
Splinters
Paddy Quality
Good
Crack
Immatured
Japonica
Paddy
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Husk
23.0
23.0
25.0
17.0
Brown Rice
77.0
77.0
75.0
83.0
Bran
8.0
10.0
10.0
7.5
Milled Rice
69.0
67.0
65.0
75.5
Brewer Rice
1.0
1.5
1.5
0.5
Recovery
68.0
65.5
63.5
75.0
12 ton/day
North-
Northern
Eastern
Central
Southern
Plain
Whole
Kingdom
1993
25,213
10,183
5,223
4,400
45,019
1994
24,905
10,104
5,156
4,395
44,560
1995
24,888
10,065
5,129
4,390
44,472
1996
24,887
10,049
5,114
4,386
44,436
1997
28,533
8,779
3,232
2,731
43,275
962
194
90 (46.4%)
42 (21.6%)
62 (32.0%)
Capacity (Paddy)
Ton/Hour
Ton/Day
2-3
4-5
8-10
18-20
50-80
100-120
200-240
420-500
Price (F.O.B)
(USD)
348,000
624,000
1,050,000
1,824,000
All price exclude installation cost, electric motor, cable, control etc.
Cleaning
Impurity
Paddy
Husking
Husk
Paddy Separation
Brown rice
Bran
Milled rice
Head rice
Broken
Paddy Intake
Quality input = quality output
Garbage in = garbage out!
The quality of milled white
rice will be dependant on
the quality of the paddy or
rough rice coming into the
mill as well as the milling
process. Good paddy into
the mill means quality
milled rice output.
Paddy intake chute
Paddy Cleaning
After harvest, foreign matter can be as
high as 5-10%
While most paddy has been
cleaned after harvesting, some
foreign material is still present.
This can be as high as 5-10%.
Rice pre-cleaner
Pre-cleaning of Paddy
Remove foreign material such as sand,
stones, straw, seeds etc. from paddy
Prevent damage to the milling machinery
Prevent clogging which cause the reduction
in capacity and efficiency of rice mill
Remove materials that cause a reduction in
the grade of milled rice
Paddy Precleaner
Sieve: separate large/ small impurities
Aspirator: separate light impurities
De-stoner: separate same size impurities but
heavier
Trieur (Length Grader) : separate impurities
having same width but different in length
Magnet : separate irons
Examples of
perforated sheets
and wire mesh
Closed-type
single-action aspirator
precleaner
Closed-type
double-action aspirator
precleaner
Double-drum type of
Precleaner
(West Germany)
Single-drum type of
Precleaner
(Japan)
Magnetic separator
Brass
Magnet
De-stoner
Paddy in
Paddy
Air stream
Stone
Vibration direction
Stone
rice
Wind direction
De-husking
Underrun disc huller
Rubber roll huller
Centrifugal disc huller
Brown rice
Husk
Diameter
(mm)
750
1000
1250
1400
Capacity
(kg of paddy/hr)
450-600
700-1000
1000-1400
1600-2100
Motor
(hp)
3
3.5
4
5.5
Rice Huller
Rollers
Diameter
Width
High
speed
Low
speed
(mm)
(Inch)
(mm)
(Inch)
(rpm)
(rpm)
150
64
2.5
1320
900
220
8.5
76
1200
900
250
10
250
10
1000
740
Short grain
(ton)
Long grain
(ton)
10
300
170
240
140
110
60
75
40
35
20
2.5
30
15
Diameter
Width
Capacity (ton/hr)
Motor
(Inch)
(mm)
(mm)
Long
grain
Short
grain
(hp)
100
220
0.9
1.25
2.5
150
220
1.2
1.9
4.0
10
254
254
2.2
3.8
6.0
Husk Separation
Paddy
Dehusker
Brown rice, Broken, Paddy, Bran, Husk
Brewer
rice
Sieve
Coarse
bran
Husk Aspirator
Husk
Paddy
Paddy Separator
Husk Aspirator
Plansifter &
Husk Aspirator
1
2
3 /
4
5
Huller with
Husk Aspirator
(BUHLER: DRHC/DRSC)
Paddy Separation
Removal of paddy from brown rice
After husk separation, a mixture of 85-90% brown rice
and 10-15% paddy is fed into the paddy separation
stage. The paddy must be separated before the brown
rice goes to the bran removal stage. The separated
paddy is returned to the husker for dehusking.
(BUHLER: DNTB)
Compartment-type Separator
The main part of this paddy separator is the oscillating compartmentassembly where the actual separation of paddy and brown rice takes place.
The compartment-assembly consists of a number of compartments in one,
two, three, or sometimes four decks.
The number of compartments depends on the capacity of the rice mill,
high
low
Paddy
Brown rice
Brown rice
High
Paddy
HUSKER
Adjustment
Speed 90 - 120 strokes/min
Slope
Stroke
Lower
Brown rice
WHITENER
Whitening Machine
Removes bran layer to produce white rice.
Amount of bran removed (usually 8-12%)
Whitening
Whitening Actions
Abrasive type
High speed / Low
pressure
Griding action
Impact action
Friction type
Low speed / High
pressure
Tearing action
Cutting action
Abrasive type
Smooth
surface
Rough
surface
Large
Fine
Whitening Machine
Feeding
Air
Vertical Abrasive
Whitening Cone
Abrasive
cone
Wire
mesh
Bran
sweeper
Bran
Rice
Level
adjust
Rubber
brake
= 600 mm
= 600/100 2 = 4
Power
1 Cone
2 Cones
3 Cones
mm
hp
Long grain
Short grain
Long grain
Short grain
Long grain
Short grain
500
350
420
570
680
680
800
600
7.5
550
650
890
1100
1050
1250
800
10
750
900
1230
1450
1460
1725
1000
15
1000
1200
1700
2000
1900
2300
1250
20
1350
1600
2200
2600
2600
3000
1500
25
1700
2000
2700
3200
3200
3800
Composition
Whitening Cone No. 1 and No. 2
Emery grit 16
Silicium carbide grit 16
Silicium carbide grit 18
25%
50%
25%
25%
75%
Abrasive roll
Screw
Counter
Weight
Bran
Aspirator
Resistance pieces
Abrasive grit
#30, 36
Screen
Long
grain
Short
grain
900
450
%
Bran
00
30 45 60
90
Characteristics of
Abrasive Action Milling
(Speed 12 - 13 m/s)
Peripheral Speed
Low
Medium
High
Roll Grit
Small
Medium
Large
Pressure
High
Medium
Low
Perforated
sheet Milling
roll
Brown rice
P control
Milled rice
Bran
Aspirator
Screw
Perforated
sheet
Characteristics of
Low-Speed Machine
(Friction-type)
Polisher
Humidifying Rice Milling Machine
Vertical Polishing Cone Brush type
Vertical Polishing Cone Leather type
Horizontal Polisher Leather type
Nozzle
Bran
Characteristics of
Humidifying Milling
Machine
Polisher
(BUHLER: DRPE)
Vertical Polishing
Cone
Brush type
Horizontal
Polisher
Whitening System
System
Abrasive
Abrasive
Abrasive
Abrasive
Abrasive
Abrasive
Vent Friction
Abrasive
Abrasive
Abrasive
Hu Friction
Abrasive
Abrasive
Abrasive
Vent Friction
Hu Friction
Vent Friction
Hu Friction
ABRAS
ABRAS
ABRAS
Abrasive
ABRAS ABRAS
ABRAS
FRICT
Friction
FRICT
Combined System vs
Low Speed System
Combined System
(High + Low speed)
Grading
Size of brokens according to Thai Rice Standard (1997)
General standard
Japanese standard
A from B : By thickness
A from C : By thickness / length
B from C : By length
A from B :
By length
Bold grain
A from B/C : By thickness / length
B from C : By length
Slender grain
A from B/C : By length
B from C :
By length
Rotary Seiver
Rotary Sifter
Rice Mixing
An efficient rice mill will produce:
50% head rice (whole kernels)
5-15% large broken and
5-15% small broken kernels
Rice Mixing
Small
brokens
Large
brokens
Whole
kernels
Rice Weighing
Rice is normally sold in
50 kg sacks which
must be accurately
weighed and labeled.
scales
Color Sorter
Conveying System
Scaling and Packaging System
Duct Collecting System
Sample divider
Scale
Sieve
Aspirator
Moisture Meter
Resistance type
Capacitance type
Abrasive-type Whitener
Friction-type Whitener
Milling Degree =
Moisture Content =
Wt of Water x 100
Wt of Sample
Thank you