TED System Description

WALKair V3.
1
UMN: TED
System Description
P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0

January 2000
2000 Floware Wireless Systems Ltd. All rights reserved.

Floware Wireless Systems Ltd. reserves the right to alter the equipment specifications and descriptions in this
publication without prior notice. No part of this publication shall be deemed to be part of any contract or warranty
unless specifically incorporated by reference into such contract or warranty.
The information contained herein is merely descriptive in nature, and does not constitute a binding offer for the sale of
the product described herein.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...........................................................................................i
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................iii
LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................iv
1
Introduction ..............................................................................................1-1
System Architecture ................................................................................2-1

2.1
BS ..................................................................................................2-2
2.1.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
IF MUX...........................................................................................2-5
RFU ...............................................................................................2-8
BS Antenna ...................................................................................2-8
TS ..................................................................................................2-9
2.5.1
2.6
3
BS-BU .......................................................................................2-3
TS-BU........................................................................................2-9
RFU/Antenna ...............................................................................2-11
System Features.......................................................................................3-1
3.1
V5.2 / V5.1 General Description ....................................................3-1
3.1.1
3.2
Definitions..................................................................................3-1
V5 Interface ...................................................................................3-1
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
V5 Subscriber............................................................................3-2
Configuration .............................................................................3-2
Signaling....................................................................................3-4
Voice Traffic ..............................................................................3-4
3.2.4.1
3.2.4.2
3.2.5
3.3
Control and Maintenance ..........................................................3-5
Interfaces .......................................................................................3-6
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.4
E1 ..............................................................................................3-6
V.35 / X.21.................................................................................3-7
Air Performance Monitoring...........................................................3-8

3.4.1
3.4.2
Performance Measurements .....................................................3-9

Modem Performance Parameters ...........................................3-10
3.4.2.1
3.4.2.2
Voice Traffic Multiplexing......................................................3-4

Concentration. ......................................................................3-4
Base Station Modem Performance Parameters .................3-10

Terminal Station Modem Performance Parameters ...........3-11
System Management................................................................................4-1
4.1
WALKnet Application .....................................................................4-1
4.1.1
4.1.2
General......................................................................................4-1
Graphical view...........................................................................4-2
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Page i
Chapter 1. Introduction
4.1.3
4.1.4
4.2
LCI Management System.............................................................. 4-6

4.2.1
4.2.2
Remote LCI Management ........................................................ 4-8

Remote CPE Management....................................................... 4-9
System Specifications............................................................................. 5-1

5.1
RF Frequencies............................................................................. 5-1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
Page ii
Configuration Management ...................................................... 4-2

Maintenance Management ....................................................... 4-2
General Specifications.............................................................. 5-1

3.5 GHz Band ........................................................................... 5-2
10.5 GHz Band ......................................................................... 5-4
26 GHz Band ............................................................................ 5-6
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LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1:
Figure 2-2:
Figure 2-3:
Figure 2-4:
Figure 2-5:
Figure 2-6:
Figure 2-7:
Figure 2-8:
Figure 3-1:
Figure 4-1:
Figure 4-2:
Figure 4-3:
Figure 4-4:
Basic System Architecture ......................................................................2-1

Front Panel View of BS-BU .....................................................................2-4
Rear Panel View of BS-BU .....................................................................2-5
Front Panel View of IF Mux 16 Unit ........................................................2-7
Front Panel View of IF Mux 8 Unit ..........................................................2-7
Rear Panel View of IF MUX Unit .............................................................2-7
Front Panel View of TS-BU ...................................................................2-10
Rear Panel View of TS-BU....................................................................2-10
WALKair V5 Configuration ......................................................................3-2
WALKnet Workstation Interface ..............................................................4-4
Management System Connection to WALKnet .......................................4-5
LCI Terminal Interface.............................................................................4-7
Management System Connection to WALKair V3.1 System...................4-8
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Page iii
Chapter 1. Introduction
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1:
Table 2-2:
Table 2-3:
Table 2-4:
Table 2-5:
Table 3-1:
Table 3-2:
Table 3-3:
Table 3-4:
Table 3-5:
Table 5-1:
Table 5-2:
Table 5-3:
Table 5-4:
Page iv
BS Capacity Parameters ........................................................................ 2-2

Telecom Services Supported by the BS-BU........................................... 2-3
IF MUX availability per frequency........................................................... 2-6
BS Antennas........................................................................................... 2-9
TS RFU/Antenna .................................................................................. 2-11
Performance Parameters ....................................................................... 3-9
BS Modem Performance Parameters per second................................ 3-10
BS Modem Performance Parameters per 15 Minutes.......................... 3-10
TS Modem Performance Parameters per Second ............................... 3-11
TS Modem Performance Parameters per 15 Minutes .......................... 3-11
General Specifications............................................................................ 5-1
3.5 GHz Band Specifications.................................................................. 5-2
10.5 GHz Specifications ......................................................................... 5-4
26 GHz Band Specifications................................................................... 5-6
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INTRODUCTION
The WALKair V3.1 System Description, explains the applications and
components of the WALKair V3.1 Wideband Wireless Local Loop (WLL)
system.
WALKair V3.1 is a Point-to-Multipoint BWA (Broadband Wireless Access)
system. WALKair efficiently delivers both voice and data for business
customers as well as feeding trunks for narrowband systems that include
Narrowband FWA (Forced Wireless Access) and mobile systems.
WALKair V3.1 enables new Operators (Telecos) to provide Telephone and
Data services in urban and suburban areas via Point-to-Multi-Point Wireless
Communications.
WALKair V3.1 uses a proprietary air transport protocol to provide remote
communications between a Base Station (BS) and one or more Terminal
Stations (TS). The BS, installed in the Central Office, provides up to a
10-kilometer radius (depending on the frequency band), for 360cell coverage
area. The TSs within the cell are installed as Customer Premises Equipment
(CPE)
WALKair V3.1 supports a wide range of telecom and data services on both
the Teleco and customer ends of the system, including n x 64Kbit/s, leased
line using fractional and full E1, and V.35 / X.21.
WALKair V3.1 provides a modular architecture that can be rapidly and easily
deployed. WALKair V3.1s modularity, ease of installation and commissioning,
means that WALKair V3.1 is cost effective, flexible and scaleable to
accommodate for increased demands in service.
WALKair V3.1 delivers high radio efficiency and reliability, to maintain the
highest levels of service and fault tolerance. Network management, reporting
and testing, further enables optimization and service reliability to
WALKair V3.1.
WALKair V3.1 developed in accordance with:
EN 301021 (TM4) for 3.5 GHz and 10.5 GHz systems.
DEN/TM-04050-4 (TM4/2) for 26 GHz systems.
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Page 1-1
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
The WALKair V3.1 system is comprised of two main components. Each
component includes the following:
Base Station (BS) Sector
Base Units (BS-BU)
IF Mux
RFU
Antenna
Terminal Station (TS)
Terminal Station Base Unit (TS-BU)
RFU/Antenna
The following section describes the main components and the individual
component units of the WALKair V3.1 system as shown in Figure 2-1.
FIGURE 2-1:
BASIC SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Base Station
Located at the Central Office
Air Transport Protocol
Terminal Station
Located on the Customers
Premises
RFU/Antenna
R
F
U
IF MUX
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
Terminal Station Base Unit
Base Units (1 - 8)
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Page 2-1
Chapter 2. System Architecture
2.1
BS
The BS component of the WALKair V3.1 system is typically installed at the
Central Office. The BS interfaces between the Telecom backbone and
multiple WALKair V3.1 Terminal Stations located in cell service areas.
The 360 coverage area, defined as a Cell, can be divided into four, six, eight
or 12 sectors depending on the frequency band. The BS connects the Access
Network to the backbone using E1 interfaces.
Table 2-1 details the maximum capacity parameters for a WALKair V3.1 BS.
TABLE 2-1:
BS CAPACITY PARAMETERS
PARAMETER
MAX. VALUE
General:
Maximum TS-BUs Per BS-BU
16
Telecom Interfaces/BU
Customer Premises Equipment Interfaces/TS-BU
3.5 GHz
Sectors/cell
Maximum # of BS-BU/Sector
Maximum # of TSs/Sector
4, 6, 8
8
128
Sectors/cell
BS-BU/Sector
TS/Sector
4, 6, 8
16
256
Sectors/cell
BS-BU/Sector
TS/Sector
4,8,12
16
256
10.5 GHz
26 GHz
The BS can be mounted in ETSI and Standard 19" rack-mounting systems.

The mounting brackets are supplied.
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WALKair V3.1 UMN: TED System Description
2.1.1
BS-BU
The BS-BU interfaces between the Telecom backbone and the IF MUX of the
BS. Each BS-BU utilizes FDD Duplex for different Tx and Rx frequencies,
while employing TDMA to service traffic from a maximum of 16 TSs. Multiple
BS-BUs utilize a multiple carrier scheme. Each carrier uses a 1.75 MHz slice
of the spectrum. This provides a modular pay as you grow cost structure.
Each BS-BU contains a 64 QAM modem with Trellis coding.
Toward the Public Switch, the BS-BU supports a wide range of standard
telecom interfaces and services.
Support for multiple telecom services is made possible through installation of
up to three Telecom Interface Cards. The WALKair V3.1 BS-BU supports
combination configurations of telecom services (see Table 2-2).
TABLE 2-2:
TELECOM SERVICES SUPPORTED BY THE BS-BU

SERVICE
Full E1
RATE
2.048 Mbit/s, 1.544 Mbit/s
Fractional E1
n x 64Kbit/s
V.35/x21
n x 64Kbit/s
ISDN Primary Rate (PRI)
2.048 Mbit/s (30B), Unframed
The BS-BU also provides network management connections:

One 10BaseT (802.3) interface for connection to Ethernet networks
Serial RS-232 interfaces for the Local Craft Interface
In addition, a front panel LED interface provides communications status and
disconnection verification of the RFU, the telecom service and the Ethernet
interface.
The BS-BU is connected via an SMA interface to the IF MUX. Figure 2-2 and
Figure 2-3 illustrate the front and rear panels of the BS-BU.
NOTE
BS-BU is frequency dependent.
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Page 2-3
FIGURE 2-2:
IF Ports
SMA
Rx
FRONT PANEL VIEW OF BS-BU

Public Switch Interfaces
(1 - 3)
Tx
LED Status Indicators
Ethernet
Management System
Physical Interfaces
Modem Interface
(For Future Use)
Local Craft Interface (LCI)
Depending on the allocated spectrum, a maximum of 16 BS-BUs @ 26 GHz

and 10.5 GHz or 8 BS-BUs @ 3.5 GHz can be installed in a single BSs
sector.
The BS-BU also supports extraction of an external clock from the Public
Switching equipment. Using a chaining technique, the BS-BUs are interconnected on the rear panel External Clock interface. The mediation BS-BU
transfers the extracted clock to all BS-BUs in the chain.
The BS-BU draws its power from an external 48V DC power source
connected to a 3W 3-power connector. A grounding pin is provided for
connection to rack housing earth cable lugs (see Figure 2-3).
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FIGURE 2-3:
REAR PANEL VIEW OF BS-BU

In
Power Input
48VDC
Extension Bus 1 and 2

(For Future Use)
Out
External Clock Input 1 and 2
Ground Pin
NOTE
In earlier models, the Tx/Rx labels may be reversed. Please follow the above
drawing.
2.2
IF MUX
The IF Mux multiplexes the Tx signals from the BS-BUs and combines the
output signal with a 48V DC power supply. The IF signal is sent to the RFU,
located near the Antenna, via a coaxial cable. The reverse process applies for
Rx signals.
The IF Mux interfaces between the RFU and the BS-BUs of the BS. Eight or
16 SMA ports on the front panel enable connection to a maximum of eight or
16 BS-BUs. Connection to the RFU is facilitated through one N-Type
connector. In addition, a front panel LED interface provides communications
status verification of the RFU and BS-BU interfaces.
Two Extension BUs ports enable management interface connection between
the IF Mux and its BS-BUs (see Figure 2-6).
Figure 2-4 and Figure 2-5 illustrate the front panels of the IF Mux 16 Unit and
8 Unit respectively. Figure 2-6 illustrates the rear panel of the IF Mux.
The 48V DC power supply is provided via a standard 3W 3-power connector.
A grounding pin is also provided.
See Table 2-3 for IF MUX availability.
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Page 2-5
TABLE 2-3:
IF MUX AVAILABILITY PER FREQUENCY

FREQUENCY
3.5 GHz
IF MUX AVAILABILITY
IF MUX Type: IF MUX 8
Tx: 1000 MHz1500 MHz
Rx: 650 MHz800 MHz
10.5 GHz
IF MUX Type: IF MUX 8

(same as for 3.5 GHz) and IF MUX 16
Tx: 1000 MHz1150 MHz,
Rx: 650 MHz800 MHz
26 GHz
IF MUX Type: IF MUX

Tx: 1659 MHz1150 MHz,
Rx: 651 MHz763 MHz
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FIGURE 2-4:
FRONT PANEL VIEW OF IF MUX 16 UNIT

LED Status
Verification
16 x SMA Input (Rx)
Rx1
Tx1
Rx2
Tx2
Rx3
Tx3
Rx4
Tx4
Rx5
Tx5
Rx6
Tx6
Rx7
Tx7
Rx8
Tx8
Rx9
Tx9
Rx10
Tx10
Rx11
Tx11
Rx12
Tx12
Rx13
Tx13
Rx14
Tx14
Rx15
Tx15
Rx16
Fail
Power
Tx16
16 x SMA Output (Tx)
FIGURE 2-5:
FRONT PANEL VIEW OF IF MUX 8 UNIT

LED Status
Verification
8 x SMA Input (Rx)
Rx1
Tx1
Rx2
Rx3
Tx2
Tx3
Rx4
Tx4
Rx5
Tx5
Rx6
Tx6
Rx7
Tx7
Rx8
Tx8
Fail
Power
8 x SMA Output (Tx)
FIGURE 2-6:
REAR PANEL VIEW OF IF MUX UNIT
48V DC
Grounding Pin
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Extension Bus
(For Future Use)
Page 2-7
2.3
RFU
The RFU interfaces between the IF Mux and the Antenna. Due to the
requirements of different Radio Frequency bands, the RFU type may differ
between installations. WALKair V3.1 currently supports the 3.5 GHz,
10.5 GHz and 26 GHz frequency bands. Suitable RFUs are supplied
accordingly. There may be several RF heads in each frequency band:
3.5 GHz - 3 types of RFUs cover the ETSI bands, A, B and C
10.5 GHz cover the entire ETSI band
26 GHz - 8 sub-bands, as defined by ETSI, are covered by 8 RFUs - A-H
The RFU converts the IF signal, received from the IF MUX, to an RF signal.
The signal is then amplified for transmission via the Antenna. The RFU is
connected to the IF Mux and Antenna with a single coaxial cable.
2.4
BS Antenna
The BS Antenna interfaces with the RFU and the TSs located within its
sector. Each Antenna is serviced by a dedicated RFU and connected via a
single coax cable.
See Table 2-4 for BS Antenna description.
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TABLE 2-4:
BS ANTENNAS
ANTENNA TYPE
3.5 GHz
Micro-strip Antenna
10.5 GHz
Micro-strip Antenna
26 GHz
Horn Antenna
2.5
DESCRIPTION
60 Sector antenna covering 4, 6, 8

sectors.
Pole mountable by adjustable

mounting straps.
90 Sector antenna covering 4

sectors.
60 Sector antenna covering 6, 8

sectors.
Pole mountable by adjustable

mounting straps.

sectors.

sectors.

sectors.
Antenna is attached to RFU.
TS
The TS component of the WALKair V3.1 system is typically installed at the
Customer Site. Power is supplied to the TS from an external 220V AC or
48V DC source.
The TSs interface between the Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) and the
designated BS. TSs provide a wide range of services to the customer (see
Table 2-2). The TS is comprised of an indoor unit (BU) and an outdoor unit
(integrated RFU and Antenna).
2.5.1
TS-BU
Figure 2-7 and Figure 2-8 illustrates the front and rear panels of the TS. The
TS-BU interfaces between the CPE and the WALKair V3.1 TS RFU/Antenna.
The TS-BU is similar to the BS-BU.
The TS-BU utilizes the TDMA protocol to service traffic with its designated
BS.
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Page 2-9
Installation of up to three Telecom Interface Cards enables support for

multiple telecom services. The TS-BU supports combination configurations of
telecom services (see Table 2-2).
The TS-BU is connected to the TS RFU/Antenna via a single coaxial cable.
The TS-BU can be rack, wall or desk mounted.
FIGURE 2-7:
IF Port
N-Type
FRONT PANEL VIEW OF TS-BU

Telecom
Interfaces
(1 - 3)
TS LED Status
Indicators
Internal
External
Local Craft Interface (LCI)
FIGURE 2-8:
Power Input
220V AC
Ground Pin
Power Input
48V AC
D-Type
Ground Pin
Page 2-10
REAR PANEL VIEW OF TS-BU
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2.6
RFU/Antenna
TABLE 2-5:
TS RFU/ANTENNA
FREQUENCY
3.5 GHz
DESCRIPTION
Integrated RFU and Antenna
Antenna beamwidth 18
10.5 GHz
Integrated RFU and Antenna

Antenna beamwidth 8
26 GHz
Attached RFU and Antenna

Antenna beamwidth 2.5
High gain antenna beamwidth 1.4
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SYSTEM FEATURES
3.1
V5.2 / V5.1 General Description

The WALKair V5 solution provides PSTN services over a V5 interface. V5.1 is
implemented between the Terminal Station and a CPE (MUX or PABX) and
V5.2 signaling is implemented between the BS and the LE. The WALKair V5
solution is based on layer 3 termination of the V5 protocol, where WALKair
actually serves as V5.1 / V5.2 gateway.
WALKair dynamically assigns air time slots according to the actual
requirement. WALKair implementation complies with the following standards:
V5.1 at the TS: ETSI 300 324-1
V5.2 at the BS: ETSI 300 324-1 and ETSI 300 347-1
3.1.1
Definitions
The following paragraphs generally define V5 terms and attributes. In order to
better understand the V5 terms, the definition details are broader than the
WALKair implementation.
3.2
V5 Interface
The V5 interface is defined by a variant. A Variant is a set of provisioning data
of the V5.x interface, which includes information about interface:
Interface ID
Variant ID
The above 2 parameters are in agreement between the BS and the LE.
Link information. (Link is defined as WALKairs E1 port).
C-Channel information
PSTN port information. Port is defined as a Subscribers L3 address
(PSTN) + assigned time slot (V5.1)
Theoretically, each interface can have several variants. A Variant can be
added, deleted, updated etc. by the user via LCI/WALKnet.
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Page 3-1
Chapter 3. System Features
3.2.1
V5 Subscriber
The V5 Subscriber is a logical object, which is represented by 2 pairs of
parameters:
Interface ID and address ID at BS
Interface ID and address ID at TS
The address ID can be an L3 address in PSTN or an EF address in ISDN.
The L3 address is a logical number, which represents a subscriber at the
V5 interface.
Users can define new V5 Subscribers or delete an existing Subscriber via
LCI/WALKnet
V5 Subscribers provides the user with On-demand service where connection
is set up at the start of each call.
3.2.2
Configuration
Each BS-BU is a single V5.2 interface with up to 3 E1 links connected to the
Public Switch. BS-BU V5.x software includes V5Core (AN side, V5.2) and a
set of V5 applications. Theoretically, up to 3 V5.2 interfaces can be
configured. However, the current SW version provides only 1 V5.2 interface
(see restrictions). Each BS-BU can communicate with a maximum of 16 TSs
each connected to a PABX or V5 MUX by a V5.1 interface. Each TS can
support up to 3 V5.1 interfaces. All V5 configurations (BS and TS) are located
in the BS V5 database. Figure 3-1 illustrates a typical WALKair V5
configuration:
FIGURE 3-1:
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WALKAIR V5 CONFIGURATION
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User ports associated with the same V5.2 interface link at the BS can be
distributed between the different TSs.
Restrictions:
Maximum number of subscribers is 600 per BS-BU
Only one V5.2 interface can be configured in each BS-BU. Please note
that each V5.2 interface can be configured with multiple links
(BS-BU physical) ports.
C-Channel can be configured only on time slot 16 at each per V5.2 link.
This implies the support of protection group 1.
There is no re-provisioning (the ability to include few variants or

configuration sets per interface with on-line change) at the V5.2
interfaces.
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3.2.3
Signaling
V5.1 / V5.2 signaling is transferred, out of band, via the EOC
(Embedded Operation Channels). V5.1 signaling is accepted by the TSs and
transferred via the EOC channels to the BS.
At the uplink (from TS to BS), each received signaling message is routed to a
specific V5.2 interface over one of the two uplink EOC channels. The BS
multiplexes all the received signaling messages from the EOC channel to the
C-channel of V5.2 interface.
At the downlink (from BS to TS), each received Signaling message is sent to
a specific TS V5 interface, over one of the downlink EOC channels.
Signaling messages are routed using user port identifier: Layer 3 address for
PSTN port. The user Port at WALKair is uniquely represented by the
following:
L3 address & Interface ID at BS V5.2 interface
TS Customer ID
L3 Address & Interface ID at TS V5.1 interface
The PSTN signaling is transferred transparently over the air. Only the
Destination ID is changed while data is transferred as is. This allows for
implementation free of national variant specific adaptation.
3.2.4
3.2.4.1
Voice Traffic
Voice Traffic Multiplexing
Voice Traffic multiplexing is performed by transferring a voice channel
between a specific bearer channel in one of the BS E1 ports and another
specific channel at a corresponding TS E1 port. The association between
bearer channels at BS E1 port and TS E1 port must be fixed at TS V5.1
interface and dynamic at BS V5.2 interface.
3.2.4.2
Concentration.
Voice Traffic concentration is the capability to allocate air bandwidth only to
active circuits. V5.2 protocol supports concentration by definition. This means
that the association between the user port and bearer channel on the
interface is not predefined, but the bearer channel is allocated dynamically on
demand. V5.2 controls the relationship between bearer time slots on the
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interface and corresponding E1 channels at the user port. This functionality is

provided by the V5 Bearer Channel Connection (BCC) protocol of the
interface. BCC controls dynamic allocation/releasing of time slots the
interface according to demand. Dynamic air channels allocation is triggered
by BCC protocol inputs at the BS. The use of BCC in order to identify call
establishment (off hook) and disconnection allows for a transparent path of
PSTN signaling, instead of PSTN signaling analysis.
3.2.5
Control and Maintenance

Each V5 interface has 2 parameters, which describe its current status:
Administrative status Enable/Disable
Operational status In-Service/ Out-of-service
Administrative status determines the operational status of the interface. A

disabled interface will always be Out-of-Service. Operational status is
determined as follows:
In Service enabled administrative status and successful interface

establishment with the external equipment (CPE or LE)
Out-of-service - disabled administrative status or faulty interface

establishment due to faulty E1, faulty CPE equipment etc.
The BS and TS interface statuses are independent, e.g. the status of TS

interface does not affect the status of BS interface and vice verse. However,
TS/BS status affects one another as follows:
TS V5.1 Interface is Disabled/Out of Service
TS out of service causes blocking of the relevant BS interface port, which are
connected to the Disable/Out-of-Service TS. After service resuming, WALKair
invokes ports unblocking.
BS V5.2 interface is Disabled/Out of Service
(BS out of service causes port blocking of all TS interfaces connected to the
disabled/Out-of-Service BS interface 0.
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Page 3-5
Usually, the Local Exchange initiates Port Control processes

(port blocking/unblocking). However, several events trigger port
blocking/unblocking by WALKair V5 implementation:
Air Link Loss
Air Link Loss causes blocking of the relevant user ports at BS V5 interface
and shutdown to the relevant TS V5 interface. After Air Link is re-established,
WALKair invokes TSs interface restart and ports unblocking.
Layer 1 failure
Whenever layer 1 failure is detected in one of the V5.1 links, V5.1 operational
status is set to Out-of-Service and all ports associated with defected link at
BS V5 interface are blocked.
Whenever layer 1 failure is detected in one of the V5.2 links, all active calls in
this link are cleared. Detected layer 1 failures relating to physical C-channels
within a failed V5.2 link shall result in the protection protocol reassigning
these C-channels. No port blocking is required. The states of associated ports
are not changed.
All Trunks Busy
Whenever the BW manager identifies that there are no free air time slots for
call establishment, it ignores a BCC allocation request command.
3.3
Interfaces
3.3.1
E1
The E1 card allows for N x 64 or full 2.048 Mbps service. Each BS or TS
basic unit can be configured with up to 3 E1 interfaces.
The E1 card configuration and maintenance is performed via Management
System or Local Craft Interface connected locally on the front panel of the
TS/BS BU.
The E1 interface comply with ETSI 300 011, and is in accordance with
ITU-T Rec. G.703, 6. It is a symmetrical-pair 120 ohm balanced interface.
The signal bit rate input should be 2048 kbit/s 50 ppm. The line code is
HDB3.
Frame Structure is according to CCITT G.704 5 and 2.3 with or without
CRC-4, according to operator selection.
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The jitter performance is in accordance with ITU-T G.823, and the parameters
given in ITU-T Rec. G.736 and I.431.
Each E1 interface in the Base Station and Terminal Station has two shielded
RJ-45 connectors for G.703, 120 ohm. One for transmit pair and the second
for receive. Both connectors have the same pin arrangement.
E1 interface allows framed mode (for N x 64 Kbps applications) as well as
transparent mode PRI (2 Mbps applications) such as PR ISDN and can be
used both in the Base Station and Terminal Station.
3.3.2
V.35 / X.21
The V.35 / X.21 leased line interface provides the WALKair BU with a serial
synchronous data interface that connects to a data switch or router and
supports either V.35 or X.21 signals in DCE or DTE mode. The interface
supports leased line Point-to-Point services and are used in the BS or in the
TS. The V.35 / X.21 interface supports user data rates of full duplex
N x 64kbps up to 2.048 Mbps (N = 1,,32).
A typical application is an N x 64Kbps Point-to-Point leased line data from a
company headquarters to a branch office. In this application the interface at
the customer premises could be V.35 or X.21 N x 64Kbps, installed in the
WALKair TS. The base station interface carrying the service could be an E1
or a V.35 / X.21 interface. When using the V.35 / X.21 leased line interface in
the base station, it is limited to a Point-to-Point service.
The interface is designed to fit into any of the 3 Telecom slots in the BS or
TS BU.
The V.35 / X.21 interface configuration and maintenance is performed via the
management interfaces of the WALKair locally via the Local Craft Interface
connected on the front panel of the BS-BU and TS-BU or via the NMS. The
interface can be configured as V.35 or as X.21, and as DCE or DTE.
When the interface is configured as V.35, the electrical definitions of the pins
comply with CCITT Rec. V.35 (Red Book). Balanced signals comply with V.35
Annex.II. Unbalanced signals comply with ITU-T Rec. V.28.
When the interface is configured as X.21, the functional and electrical
definitions of the pins comply with ITU-T Rec. X.21.
The mechanical interface is via a female DB-25 connector. Both the V.35 and
X.21 signals are supported on the same mechanical connector. Selection of
the V.35 or X.21 is done by software means, via management ports. The
physical termination is DCE. To operate the interface as DTE, an external
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Page 3-7
cable adapter should be used. The cables may also be used if standardcompliance connectors are required for connection to the interface. An
external adapter or adapter-cable may be used to connect with other
equipment.
The interface timing signals of the interface are generated Internally in DCE
mode and are considered external in DTE mode.
3.4
Air Performance Monitoring

Air Performance Monitoring in the WALKair enables monitoring and display of
performance of the air link with all connected Terminal Stations and other link
related parameters. WALKair provides performance measurements for each
air link (between a Base Station and a Terminal Station), for upstream and
downstream directions.
The Air PM raw data is collected in BS-BUs and reported to the management
tools, the LCI and the management station. The raw data include counters for
time intervals of the current 15 minutes and last 24 hours.
The LCI allows reviewing of the raw access.
The management station software (WALKnet) gives also graphical views, with
the option of creating formatted reports of detailed air performance
parameters for selected measured performance.
Air Link definitions:
Page 3-8
Air Link Path - The bi-directional air link path is defined by the connection
between the two Path End Points (PEP), BS and TS in accordance with
Recommendation G.703 [1].
Definition and Measurement of Air Frame - Performance measurements

based on the error performance measurement of 5 msec fixed-size
Air Frames. Consistent with the generic definition of the term block as
requested in the ITU-T Recommendation G.826, sec 4.1.
In-Service Monitoring of Air Frames- Each Air Frame is monitored by

means of Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC). It is not normally possible to
determine whether an Air Frame or its controlling EDC bits are in error. If
there is a discrepancy between the EDC and its Air Frame, it is always
assumed that the Air Frame is in error as requested in the
ITU-T Recommendation G.826, sec 4.4.
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3.4.1
Performance Measurements
Centralized monitoring control is enabled simultaneously from the BS-BU for
all of its TSs, allowing for n measurements upstream and n measurements
downstream.
Table 3-1 describes the Performance Parameters.
TABLE 3-1:
PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS
DESCRIPTION
Frame Error Ratio (FER)
The ratio of errored Air Frames referred

to the total number of Air Frames
transmitted in a given time interval of 15
minutes.
Errored Seconds (ES)
A one-second time period with one or

more CRC errors over the Air Link Path.
This parameter is not incremented during
an Unavailable Second.
Severely Errored Seconds (SES)
A one-second time period containing

above 30% errored Air Frames or at
least one defect (a second with 60 or
more errored Air Frames). SES is a
subset of ES.
Unavailable Seconds (UAS)
Unavailable Seconds are calculated by

counting the number of seconds that the
Air Link Path is unavailable. The Air Link
Path is considered unavailable from the
onset of 10 contiguous SESs or the
onset of the condition leading to a
failure.
Available Seconds (AS)
Error free seconds are those seconds

that are not Unavailable as described
above.
Degraded Minutes (DM)
A one minute time period in which the

estimated frame error rate exceeds 1E-6
but does not exceed 1E-3
(see G.821 [1]).
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Page 3-9
3.4.2
Modem Performance Parameters

Modem performance parameters are accumulated regardless of CRC Errors
provided that the Air Link is available and no Failure States are detected.
Different sets of Modem Performance Parameters are recorded and
calculated for each upstream and downstream directions or the Air Link Path
3.4.2.1
Base Station Modem Performance Parameters

Table 3-2 describes the BS Modem performance parameters that are
recorded every 1 sec.
TABLE 3-2:
BS MODEM PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS PER SECOND
DESCRIPTION
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)
This is an estimation of the signal to

noise ratio the Base modem sees.
Measuring units are dB.
Receive Power (Rx Pwr)
This is an estimation of the received

signal power measured at the antenna
port of the Base Measuring units are
dBm.
Table 3-3 describes the BS Modem performance parameters that are

calculated every 15 min.
TABLE 3-3:
BS MODEM PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS PER 15 MINUTES
Page 3-10
DESCRIPTION
Minimum, maximum and average values
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3.4.2.2
Terminal Station Modem Performance Parameters

Table 3-4 describes the Modem performance parameters that are recorded
every 1 sec:
TABLE 3-4:
TS MODEM PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS PER SECOND
DESCRIPTION
This is an estimation of the signal to noise

ratio the Base modem sees. Measuring
units are dB
This is an estimation of the received signal

power measured at the antenna port of the
Base Measuring units are dBm.
Transmit Power (Tx Pwr)
This is an estimation of the transmit signal

power measured at the antenna port of the
Terminal RF unit.
Measuring units are in dBm
Carrier Frequency Offset (AFC)
This is the sum of synthesizers frequency

offsets in the Base Station, for the transmit
path and in the Terminal Station for the
receive path.
Measuring units are in Hz.
Table 3-5 describes the Modem performance parameters that are recorded
every 15 min.
TABLE 3-5:
TS MODEM PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS PER 15 MINUTES
DESCRIPTION
Transmit Power (Tx Pwr)
Carrier Frequency Offset (AFC)
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Page 3-11
SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
System Management enables the operator to define parameters for each
service provided by the WALKair V3.1 system. The defined services can be
connected to a specific port at the BS and the TS.
The operator can remotely define and/or retrieve the following:
Physical configuration
Services configuration
Activate BS-BUs and TS-BUs and individual ports connected to the
elements
Fault Management
Download Software
4.1
WALKnet Application
4.1.1
General
WALKnet management system runs on a standard PC, on top of Standard
Network Management Platform package (HPOV). WALKnet is an SNMP, GUI
based network management system for manages WALKair access networks.
WALKnet communicates with the Network elements (BS-BUs) via standard
SNMP V1 protocol. Each BS communicates with its remote TSs using
optimized proprietary protocol, which is transferred out-of-band, via EOC
channels. The WALKnet PC application is capable of managing 100 Network
Elements (NE) concurrently, e.g., Base Stations, and their relating Terminal
Stations. WALKnet uses a polling mechanism to constantly check all its
managed network elements.
Currently WALKnet support only supervisor security level, which allows all
configuration and maintenance functionality in addition to password change.
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Page 4-1
Chapter 4. System Management
4.1.2
Graphical view
WALKair equipment is displayed using bitmaps representing the actual front
panel of the equipment. WALKair graphical views include:
Cell view according to its defined parameters
Sectors view in each cell
Rack view for each sector
Registered terminals view per each BS-BU in a sector.
4.1.3
Configuration Management
WALKair configuration parameters includes all the configuration parameter
required for operating the system:
Radio Link Management includes all radio parameters required for radio
link such as RFU type, cable gain etc. In addition, informational
parameters are also included such as antenna type, and antenna altitude.
Telecom Interfaces Parameters includes all Telecom port specific
parameters such as signaling mode for E1 and interface type for the
X21/V35 interface.
Administrative Parameters controls the status of each BS-BU and its
Terminal Station. A disabled service can be configured but cannot be
established.
Services Management controls all service specific parameters such as
the Leased Line path, V5 variants, V5 quality of service parameters etc.
4.1.4
Maintenance Management
WALKair maintenance parameters includes all the parameter required for
maintaining, testing and fault isolating the system:
SW download is performed remotely from the management system, via
TFTP server located on the management system, to a list of BS-BUs and
its registered Terminal stations. The download is performed out-of-band,
using management channels, to all TS concurrently. The new version is
downloaded to the stand by image of each of the WALKair elements
without service interruption.
Version Control displays the 2 SW versions (Current, Stand-by) located in
of each WALKair element. The user can switch the current and stand-by
version at any time.
Alarm Management is presented both graphically and as a list. Each
WALKair alarm is sent as a trap to the management system and
displayed in an alarm list using the HPOV. Alarms can be filtered,
Page 4-2
P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0
forwarded or cause an event such as send a mail etc. Each alarm is

associated with a specific LED and color. Alarms are reflected graphically
as a change of color of the cell, sector and a specific LED on the front
panel of the faulty TS/BS-BU.
System Testing includes various port specific loopbacks that can be
remotely performed for each BS-BU and TS.
Air Performance Monitoring results can be displayed alphanumerically and

graphically using all parameters as defined in the WALKnet User Manual
chapter 5.
WALKnet enables management and configuration from the Ethernet Port of
the Base Station using the TCP/IP protocol. In this way, viewing or defining
system resources and/or providing fault identification are achieved with the
touch of a button. Figure 4-1 illustrates a typical WALKnet Workstation
interface.
The WALKnet management architecture uses the SNMP protocol for
communication with the Network Elements (see Figure 4-2). The SNMP agent
resides in each Base Station Base Unit (BS-BU) and provides management
capabilities for the BS-BU and all connected Terminal Station Base Units
(TS-BU).
The Terminal Station has a small management kernel that interfaces the
BS-BU SNMP agent using the air link Embedded Operation Channel (EOC).
All SNMP queries are sent to the Base Station. Each Base Station BU serves
as a proxy agent for its Terminal Stations.
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Page 4-3
FIGURE 4-1:
Page 4-4
WALKNET WORKSTATION INTERFACE
P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0
FIGURE 4-2:
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CONNECTION TO WALKNET
Base Station
Terminal Station
Premises
RFU/Antenna
IF MUX
R
F
U
BU SNMP Agents

SNMP Agent
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
Ethernet
Router
DCN
Router
Workstation
P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0
Page 4-5
4.2
LCI Management System

The LCI Management System enables the installation, configuration and
management of the WALKair V3.1 system and network elements via the local
RS-232 LCI terminal interface at the BS-BU and at the TS-BU
(see Figure 4-3).
WALKair provides complete configuration and maintenance functions via
Local Craft Interfaces (LCI) connected to PC with VT100 emulation. The LCI
utilizes layered, menu driven screens that enables the operator to manage
the WALKair V3.1 system equipment and telecommunications services. The
LCI management functions include:
Configuration Management
Radio Link Management
Administrative Parameters
Services Management
Maintenance Management
Version Control
Alarm Management
System Testing
Air Performance Monitoring
Modem Management
WALKairs BS LCI provides remote configuration and maintenance functions
for all of its connected TS enabling full monitoring and remote control over
each of the TSs
Page 4-6
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FIGURE 4-3:
LCI TERMINAL INTERFACE
The LCI provides accurate up-to-date status information regarding the current
active services and resources (telecom and air links) utilized by the network
elements. Additionally, the LCI terminal is used to retrieve the information
stored in the BS-BU and TS-BU, including hardware/software installation
data, configuration data, subscriber data and operating parameters.
Figure 4-4 illustrates the Management System Connection.
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Page 4-7
FIGURE 4-4:
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CONNECTION TO WALKAIR V3.1 SYSTEM

Terminal Station
Premises
Base Station
RFU/Antenna
IF MUX
R
F
U
BU SNMP Agents
A
n
t
e
n
n
a

SNMP Agent
LCI
SNMP
4.2.1
Remote LCI Management

A BS LCI session can also take control over a specific TSs LCI session, thus
saving expensive field maintenance. This can be also used for on-line help to
a field technician.
In order to control a specific TS, the operator has to type the TS Customer ID
and Password. While the BS LCI is controlling the TS, the TS operator can
view the same screens as displayed on the BS LCI.
The TS operator can resume control over the TSs LCI by pressing any key
on its keyboard. The system automatically terminates the remote connection.
Page 4-8
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4.2.2
Remote CPE Management

WALKair provides the means to transfer management data to the remote
CPE unit, located at the Terminal Station. The remote CPE unit can be
connected to the LCI port (RS-232) at the TS side and transfer its
management traffic, out of band, via WALKairs management channels.
Remote CPE functionality enables:
Displaying the Management screen of the remote CPE device on the
BS/TS Local Craft Terminal.
Sending remote CPE device alarms to the management system. Alarms
are identified using a pre-defined prefix. Each alarm is sent as an SNMP
trap to the management system and to the BS LCI.
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Page 4-9
SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
Table 5-1 describes the BS general specifications.
5.1
RF Frequencies
Currently all 3 ESTI certified bands are available: 3.5 GHz, 10.5 GHz, and
26 GHz. bands.
Each frequency band and sub band utilizes a different RFU head. The
antenna and the indoor unit are same for all sub bands in a frequency band.
5.1.1
General Specifications
TABLE 5-1:
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
ITEM
SPECIFICATION
Supported distance
3.5 GHz: 10 Km at near line of sight.
Modulation & coding technique
64 QAM @ convolutional coding, rate 2/3
Spectral efficiency
2.5 bit/sec/Hz
Net payload
4.096 Mbps
Power
Base Station:
48V DC
Terminal Station: 48V DC, 110/220V AC
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Page 5-1
Chapter 5. System Specifications
5.1.2
3.5 GHz Band

The 3.5 GHz radio heads were designed according to ETSI TM4
(EN 301 021). The entire 3.5 GHz frequency is divided to 40 MHz x 3 RF
heads (band A - band C). Table 5-2 describes the 3.5 GHz band
specifications.
TABLE 5-2:
3.5 GHZ BAND SPECIFICATIONS

ITEM
SPECIFICATION
Guiding Standard
CEPT/ERC Rec. 14-03
FDD Separation
100 MHz according to CEPT/ERC

Rec. 14-03
Number of Terminal Stations per one

sector
Up to 128
Bandwidth per single user
64Kbps to 4.096 Mbps
System capacity per one Base Station 64 x E1@14 MHz allocation

Supported distance
Up to 10 Km
Terminal Station Specifications

Frequency band
3.5 GHz.
Transmit: A: 3.40 - 3.44 GHz
B: 3.43 - 3.47 GHz
C: 3.46 - 3.5 GHz
Receive: A: 3.50 - 3.54 GHz
B: 3.53 - 3.57 GHz
C: 3.56 - 3.60 GHz
Page 5-2
Output power
Dynamic range: -22 dBm to +18 dBm
Antenna size
25 x 25 cm
Antenna beamwidth
180 vertical and horizontal.
Antenna gain
18 dBi
Receiver sensitivity
-87 dBm (@ BER 10-9)
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ITEM
SPECIFICATION
Base Station Specifications

Frequency band
3.5 GHz
Transmit: A: 3.50 - 3.54
B: 3.53 - 3.57
C: 3.56 - 3.60
Receive: A: 3.40 - 3.44
B: 3.43 - 3.47
C: 3.46 - 3.5
Output power
Up to 27 dBm
Antenna coverage
4, 6, 8 sectors
Antenna size
40 x 20 x 5 cm
Antenna gain
15 dBi ( 600)
-87 dBm (@ BER 10-9)
RF bandwidth
Multiple 1.75 MHz (1 to 8) per sector
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Page 5-3
5.1.3
10.5 GHz Band

The 10.5 GHz radio heads were designed according to ETSI TM4
(EN 301 021). A single RF head covers the entire 10.5 GHz frequency.
Table 5-3 describes the 10.5 GHz band specifications.
TABLE 5-3:
10.5 GHZ SPECIFICATIONS

ITEM
SPECIFICATION
Guiding Standard
CEPT/ERC Rec. 14-03
FDD separation
350 MHz according to CEPT/ERC

Rec. 14-03
Number of Terminal Stations per one

sector
Up to 256
System capacity per one Base Station
128 x E1@28 MHz allocation
Supported distance
10 Km

Frequency band
10.5 GHz
Transmit: 10.50 - 10.65 GHz
Receive: 10.15 - 10.30 GHz
Page 5-4
Output power
Dynamic range: -25 dBm to +15 dBm
Antenna size
25 x 25 cm
Antenna beamwidth
80 vertical and horizontal
Antenna gain
25 dBi
-87 dBm (@ BER 10-9)
P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0

ITEM
SPECIFICATION

Frequency band
10.5 GHz.
Transmit: 10.15 - 10.30
Receive: 10.50 - 10.65
Output power
Up to 27 dBm
Antenna coverage
4, 6, 8 sectors
Antenna size
75 x 11 x 10 cm
Antenna gain
15.5 dBi (900), 18 dBi (600)
RF bandwidth
-87 dBm (@ BER 10-9)
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Page 5-5
5.1.4
26 GHz Band
The 26 GHz radio heads were designed according to CEPT/ERC T/R 13-02.
The entire 26 GHz frequency is divided to 112 MHz x 8 RF heads
(band A - band H). Sub-band edges on 112 boundaries according to
T/R 13-02 Annex B. Table 5-4 describes the 26 GHz band specifications.
TABLE 5-4:
26 GHZ BAND SPECIFICATIONS

ITEM
SPECIFICATION
Guiding Standard
CEPT/ERC T/R 13-02
FDD separation
1008 MHz according to T/R 13-02 Annex B.
Number of terminal stations per

one Sector
Up to 256
System capacity per one Base

Station
128 x E1@28 MHz allocation
Supported distance
26 GHz: 3-4 km at line of sight

Frequency band
Transmit
Band A:
Band B:
Band C:
Band D:
Band E:
Band F:
Band G:
Band H:
Page 5-6
Receive
25557 to 25669 24549 to 24661 MHz

25669 to 25781 24661 to 24773 MHz
25781 to 25893 24773 to 24885 MHz
25893 to 26005 24885 to 24997 MHz
26005 to 26117 24997 to 25109 MHz
26117 to 26229 25109 to 25221 MHz
26229 to 26341 25221 to 25333 MHz
26341 to 26453 25333 to 25445 MHz
Output power
Dynamic range -30 dBm to +10 dBm
Antenna size
30 cm dish
Antenna beamwidth
2.50 vertical and horizontal
Antenna gain
35 dBi
RF bandwidth
1.75 MHz
-85 dBm (@ BER 10-9)
P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0

ITEM
SPECIFICATION

Frequency band
Transmit
Band A:
Band B:
Band C:
Band D:
Band E:
Band F:
Band G:
Band H:
24549 to 24661
24661 to 24773
24773 to 24885
24885 to 24997
24997 to 25109
25109 to 25221
25221 to 25333
25333 to 25445
Receive
25557 to 25669 MHz
25669 to 25781 MHz
25781 to 25893 MHz
25893 to 26005 MHz
26005 to 26117 MHz
26117 to 26229 MHz
26229 to 26341 MHz
26341 to 26453 MHz
Output power
Up to 24 dBm
Antenna coverage
4, 8, 12 sectors
Antenna size
20 cm diameter horn
Antenna gain
20 dBi (300), 18 dBi (450), 15.5 dBi (900)
RF bandwidth
-85 dBm (@ BER 10-9)
P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0
Page 5-7

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WALKair V3.

P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0

2000 Floware Wireless Systems Ltd. All rights reserved.

System Architecture ................................................................................2-1

Control and Maintenance ..........................................................3-5

Air Performance Monitoring...........................................................3-8

Performance Measurements .....................................................3-9

Voice Traffic Multiplexing......................................................3-4

Base Station Modem Performance Parameters .................3-10

P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0

LCI Management System.............................................................. 4-6

Remote LCI Management ........................................................ 4-8

System Specifications............................................................................. 5-1

Configuration Management ...................................................... 4-2

General Specifications.............................................................. 5-1

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Basic System Architecture ......................................................................2-1

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BS Capacity Parameters ........................................................................ 2-2

P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0

P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0

BASIC SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Air Transport Protocol

Terminal Station Base Unit

P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0

Chapter 2. System Architecture

Customer Premises Equipment Interfaces/TS-BU

The BS can be mounted in ETSI and Standard 19" rack-mounting systems.

P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0

WALKair V3.1 UMN: TED System Description

TELECOM SERVICES SUPPORTED BY THE BS-BU

ISDN Primary Rate (PRI)

2.048 Mbit/s (30B), Unframed

The BS-BU also provides network management connections:

P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0

Chapter 2. System Architecture

FRONT PANEL VIEW OF BS-BU

LED Status Indicators

Depending on the allocated spectrum, a maximum of 16 BS-BUs @ 26 GHz

P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0

WALKair V3.1 UMN: TED System Description

REAR PANEL VIEW OF BS-BU

Extension Bus 1 and 2

External Clock Input 1 and 2

P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0

Chapter 2. System Architecture

IF MUX AVAILABILITY PER FREQUENCY

IF MUX Type: IF MUX 8

IF MUX Type: IF MUX

P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0

WALKair V3.1 UMN: TED System Description

FRONT PANEL VIEW OF IF MUX 16 UNIT

16 x SMA Input (Rx)

16 x SMA Output (Tx)

FRONT PANEL VIEW OF IF MUX 8 UNIT

8 x SMA Input (Rx)

8 x SMA Output (Tx)

REAR PANEL VIEW OF IF MUX UNIT

P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0

Chapter 2. System Architecture

P/N 110501-00 D REV 1.0

WALKair V3.1 UMN: TED System Description

60 Sector antenna covering 4, 6, 8

Pole mountable by adjustable