AP US Review sheet Unit 1

1. Proclamation of 1763 In order to reconcile with the Native Americans and to

stabilize the western frontier, the British issued a proclamation in the year 1763 that
prohibited the Americans from expanding into the western frontier. The proclamation
was supposed to prevent problems between the Native Americans and the colonists
when really it just caused the Americans to react with anger and defiance. The
colonists were angered by the denial of the benefits they sought after their hard work
during the French and Indian War.
2. Characteristics of British colonies on the North American- The British colonies
were established by private joint stock companies, Jamestown was established in
1607 by the London Company, Development of the tobacco industry and African
slavery caused the economy to soar.
3. Africans brought as slaves to the British North American colonies- sold by
African slave dealers to European traders, who transported them to the colonies in
North and South America. There, the slaves were made to labor on coffee, cocoa,
cotton and sugar plantations, in gold and silver mines, in rice fields, the construction
industry, timber, and shipping or in houses to work as servants.
4. Discontent among soldiers in the Continental Army- Lack of pay, food and
clothing.
5. Areas where slavery was legally established- legal everywhere except Georgia
6. Navigation Acts- A series of laws that restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade
between England and its colonies, Their goal was to force colonial development into
lines favorable to England, and stop direct colonial trade with the Netherlands, France

and other European countries. These Acts also formed the basis for British overseas
trade for nearly 200 years. On the whole, the Acts of Trade and Navigation were
obeyed, except for the Molasses Act of 1733,
7. Reasons the Dutch settled New Netherland- For financial reasons and to expand
their mercantile resources, secure naval supplies.
8. Treaty of alliance with new American nation- a defensive alliance between France
and the United States of America, formed in the midst of the American Revolutionary
War, which promised military support in case of attack by British forces indefinitely
into the future.
9. Republican mother- the concept related to women's roles as mothers in the
emerging United States before, during, and after the American Revolution. It centered
on the belief that children should be raised to uphold the ideals of republicanism,
making them the ideal citizens of the new nation. Republican motherhood meant a
new and important role for women, especially regarding civic duty and education, but
it did not soon lead to the vote for women.
10. Differences between the Pilgrims and the Puritans- the Puritans had no intention
of breaking with the Anglican church. The Puritans were nonconformists as were the
Pilgrims, both of which refusing to accept an authority beyond that of the revealed
word. But where with the Pilgrims this had translated into something closer to an
egalitarian mode, the "Puritans considered religion a very complex, subtle, and highly
intellectual affair," and its leaders thus were highly trained scholars, whose education
tended to translate into positions that were often authoritarian.
11. Acts of Trade and Navigation- (number 6)

12. Quebec Act- The plan was accepted by the French Canadians, but was however,
unpopular in the thirteen colonies. The Act established Roman Catholicism as the
official religion of Quebec, a government lacking a representative assembly, and an
extension of Quebecs boundary into the Ohio River Valley. The colonists were
deeply angered by this Act because of its direct attack on the colonies through the
removal of lands that they had claims to in the Ohio River Valley. In addition they
feared that Parliament would mimic what happened in Quebec in the colonies, with
the removal of the representative government and the instating of Catholicism.
13. Olive Branch Petition- adopted by the Continental Congress in July 1775 in an
attempt to avoid a full-blown war with Great Britain. The petition affirmed American
loyalty to Great Britain and entreated the king to prevent further conflict. The petition
was rejected.
14. Hatters Act- British law restricting colonial manufacture and export of hats in
direct competition with English hatmakers. Part of the mercantile system that
subordinated the colonies economically, the Hat Act forbade exportation of hats from
the colonies, limited apprenticeships, and, to preclude competition from cheap labor,
forbade the hiring of blacks in the trade.
15. Iron Act- one of the legislative measures introduced by the British Parliament,
seeking to restrict manufacturing activities in British colonies, particularly in North
America, and encourage manufacture to take place in Great Britain.
16. Woolens Act- attempted to heighten taxation and increase control over colonial trade
and production. It opened Britain's wool industry by limiting wool production
in Ireland and forbidding the export of wool from the American colonies. The Act

prohibited American colonists from exporting wool, wool yarn, or wool cloth to
markets outside the individual colony in which it was produced, and also restricted
the import of woolens and linens created in other areas of the British Empire.
17. The Albany plan The British government called for representatives from several
colonies to convene in a Congress at Albany, New York in 1754 in order to
coordinate the colonial defense. Seven of the colonies decided on the Albany Plan of
Union. The Albany Plan of Union was developed by Benjamin Franklin allowed for a
neocolonial government and a system for recruiting troops and collecting taxes from
the various colonies. The colonies were too jealous, however, of their own taxation
powers and the plan never went into effect.
18. Factor in the formation of the New England Confederation- the solution of trade,
boundary, and religious disputes, but the principal impulsion was a concern over
defense against attacks by the French, the Dutch, or the Indians. Because of their
divergence from accepted Puritan precepts, settlements in what later became Rhode
Island and Maine were refused admission to the confederation.
19. John Dickinsons Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania- The colonies did not
directly oppose the Townshend Act at first, due to the fact that it did not affect them
directly, because it was a tax that was placed upon the imported goods, therefore paid
by the merchants. However, consequently leaders such as John Dickinson of
Pennsylvania, and Samuel Adams and James Otis of Massachusetts would argue for
the rights of the colonies in protest against the Acts. In his Letters from a farmer in
Pennsylvania, Dickinson argued that although Parliament had the right to regulate
commerce, it lacked the authority to pass duties, which were a form of taxation,

without the consent of the colonial representatives. Furthermore, Dickinson stated

that the idea of no taxation without representation was most prominent in English
law.
20. John Lockes Two Treatises on Government- The First Treatise attacks
patriarchalism and the Second Treatise outlines a theory of political or civil
society based on natural rights and contract theory.
21. Thomas Pains Common Sense- presented the American colonists with an argument
for freedom from British rule at a time when the question of independence was still
undecided. Paine wrote and reasoned in a style that common people understood;
forgoing the philosophy and Latin references used by Enlightenment era writers,
Paine structured Common Sense like a sermon and relied on Biblical references to
make his case to the people.
22. Results of the Treaty of Paris (1783)- Signed between the American colonies and
Great Britain, ended the American Revolution and formally recognized the United
States as an independent nation.
23. Battle of Saratoga (consequences)- The Americans forced the surrender of
Burgoynes force. France and Spain declared war on Britain and the American effort
was galvanized.
24. First Continental Congress- a convention of delegates from twelve of the
thirteen North American colonies that met on September 5, 1774, at Carpenters'
Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution. It was called in
response to the passage of the Coercive Acts by the British Parliament. The Congress
was attended by 56 members appointed by the legislatures of twelve of the Thirteen

Colonies, the exception being the Province of Georgia, which did not send
delegates. The Congress met briefly to consider options, including an
economic boycott of British trade; publishing a list of rights and grievances; and
petitioning King George III for redress of those grievances.
25. The Declaratory Act Although Parliament had revoked the hated stamp act, many
people did not know of the newly enacted Declaratory Act. The Declaratory Act
claimed that Parliament had the right to impose taxes and laws upon the colonies, no
matter what, in all cases whatsoever. The Act would once again invoke conflict
between the colonies and the British government.
26. Description of those Americans who fought on the British side in the American
Revolution
27. Change in American public opinion between January 1774 and July 1776Nationalistic to patriotic
28. The United States at the end of the Revolutionary war?
29. British Criticisms of the colonists- Colonists did not show enough war effort. They
were not trained. They did not want to pay back war reparations. Also, they failed to
listen to the British directions (Washington attacked without permission.
30. Pontiacs Rebellion- chief Pontiac attacked the colonies because the native
Americans were angry that settlers kept moving westward. This rebellion destroyed
forts and settlements from New York to Virginia.
31. John Dickinson- Wrote Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania. It united the people
against the townshend acts by arguing that the colonies should independently rule

themselves. If anything, it was wrong that the crown placed a law that raised taxes
rather than regulating trade.
32. Circular letter- Written by Sam Adams and Otis. It encouraged the colonists to rebel
against the townshend acts. The crown dissolved this letter and placed more troops in
Boston.
33. The Gaspee Accident- One of the most important letters that the Committee looked
over. Britain was successful in catching smugglers. In June 1772, a British ship was
chasing an American ship near Gaspee point in Rhode Island. In defiance, Abraham
Whipple and John Brown set fire to the British ship.
34. Causes of the Boston Tea PartyTownshed Act- Tax on tea and paper. Colonists rebelled.
Boston Massacre- The people of Boston felt empowered by their solidarity
and angered by the actions of the royal army.
Taxation without Representation
Tea Protest
35. Jonathan Edwards Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God-Sinners in the
Hands of an Angry God is a sermon written by American Christian theologian Jonathan
Edwards, preached on July 8, 1741 in Enfield, Connecticut. Like Edwards' other sermons
and writings, it combines vivid imagery of Hell with observations of the world and
citations of scripture. It remains Edwards' most famous written work, and is widely
studied by Christians and historians, providing a glimpse into the theology of the Great
Awakening of c. 17301755.

36. Poor Richards Almanack- Written by Benjamin Franklin. It was the most selling
book for many years. The almanac contained weather, sayings, statistic poems, astrology,
astronomy and even mathematic theories.
37. Great Awakening- an arousing religious revival that exploded during the 1730s-40s.
Occurred due to the decrease in religious fervor than earlier times, and worry that not
many people would be saved. It was ignited by pastor John Edwards, who preached about
the eternal damnation that nonbelievers would face after death. George Whitefield began
four years after Edwards and performed more emotional speeches than Edwards. This led
to controversy between the old lights and the new lights.
38. John Peter Zenger- a newspaper printer who was brought to trial concerning his
report. His legal case took place from 1734-1735. Zenger had printed in article in New
York, which attacked the royal governor and accused him of being corrupt. He was
charged with seditious libel. With Andrew Hamilton as his lawyer, Zenger proclaimed
that what he had written in his paper was true. The jurors ruled him not guilty. This event
was a giant step toward freedom of speech and for the health of democracy.
39. James Oglethorpe- one of the founders of Georgia who was a dynamic soldierstatesman. He became interested in prison reform after one of his friends died in a
debtors jail. He along with many others set out to create a colony that was a haven for
those imprisoned for debt. They were determined, at first, to keep slavery out of Georgia.
(He was the first governor of Georgia)
40. Cecil Calvert-aka the 2nd Lord Baltimore. He founded Maryland in 1634 partly to
reap financial profit and partly to create a refuge for his fellow Catholics, who were being
discriminated against by Protestants in England. He granted large estates to his relatives

and offered land around the Chesapeake region to other Catholics. Tensions between the
Catholics and Protestants in the colonies flared into open rebellion. Maryland was able to
prosper similarly to Virginia, off of tobacco. He permitted freedom of worship at the
outset.
41. Anne Hutchinson- mother of fourteen who challenged Puritan orthodoxy. She
claimed that a holy life was no sign of salvation and that a truly saved need not bother to
obey the law of either God or man. Due to this assertion known as antinomianism, she
was convicted of heresy. When on trial she declared that she had come to her beliefs
through a direct revelation from God, which was an even higher heresy. Puritan
Magistrates banished her and her family. She moved to New York where her family was
attacked by Indians, all but her and one other remained.
42. William Penn- a wellborn and athletic young Englishman, who became a Quaker in
1660. After suffering much persecution and ridicule, led the Quakers and founded them a
new colony called Pennsylvania. He promised better relations between the whites and
Indians. He created a very tolerant society in Pennsylvania.
43. The Halfway Covenant- a new formula for church membership. It modified the
covenant between church and its adherents, to admit to baptism- but not full
communion- the unconverted children of existing members. The Halfway Covenant
weakened the distinction between the elect and others, which further diluted the
spiritual purity of the original settlers. It also dramatized the difficulty of maintaining at
fever pitch the religious devotion of the founding generation. Jeremiads thundered from
the pulpits, yet soon enough the doors of the Puritan churches swung fully open to all
comers. Women were the majority in the Puritan congregations.

44. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut- a modern constitution which established

a regime democratically controlled by the substantial citizens. Later borrowed for
Connecticuts colonial charter and for its state constitution
45. Sir Edmond Andros- able autocratic English military man who was conscientious
but tactless. He became the new dominion of the Dominion of New England. He
established headquarters in Puritanical Boston and generated much hostility by his open
affiliation with the despised Church of England. Prompt to use the mailed fist, Andros
ruthlessly curbed town meeting, laid heavy restriction on the courts, press, and schools,
and revoked all land titles. He taxed the people without representation and enforced the
Navigation Laws. A Boston mob, influenced by the news of the Glorious Rebellion, rose
against Sir Edmond Andros and his regime. They hastily shipped him off to England.
47. Puritan intolerance of dissent led to the founding of: (they all ran from Puritan
intolerance)
Maryland- established proprietor from the king. Catholics revolted against Protestants
and lost. Catholics lost their right to vote in Maryland.
Pennsylvania- founded by William Penn for the Quakers
Connecticut- Reverend Thomas Hooker led a large group of Boston Puritans here.
Delaware- formerly part of Pennsylvania; William Penn granted the 3 lower countries of
Pennsylvania their own assembly making them their own colony.
Rhode Island- founded by Roger Williams- Puritan who turned Baptist
New York- the king granted this land to his brother the Duke of York
New Jersey- formerly part of New York, the Duke of York gave the land to two of his
friends.

The Carolinas- granted by Charles II to eight nobles who became the lord proprietors of
the Carolinas
New Hampshire- King Charles II separated it from Massachusetts Bay and appointed a
governor making it a royal colony, in hope to increase his power over the colonies.
Georgia- created as a defensive buffer to protect the South Carolina plantations.
Virginia- founded by the Pilgrims at Plymouth seeking religious toleration
48. Holy Experiment- by William Penn. It was an effort to create a haven for the
unwanted Quakers where they could live in peace. They were very tolerant to other
religions (except for Jews and Catholics) and were able to attain their own land and
farms. Still persecution occurred between the Quakers and the neighboring Protestants in
Maryland. Pennsylvania attracted a variety of people of different races, classes and
religions.
49. The way Europeans treated Native Americans in the 1500s and 1600s was cruel
harsh and violent. Europeans were constantly warring with the Native Americans for
their land and later forced them into slavery. Not only were the Native Americans killed
through war but through the diseases brought by Europeans. Native Americans attempted
many times to rebel and fight against the Europeans, but their weapons were no match to
the European guns and fighting tactics. The Europeans nearly wiped out the entire Native
American population in America.
50. Factors behind European exploration and settlement in the 16th century- Desire
to find new trade routes to Asia and to break the trade monopoly of Muslims and Italians- By the 1400s, merchants and crusaders had brought many goods to Europe from Africa,
the Middle East, and Asia. Demand for these goods increased the desire for trade

Desire to expand knowledge of the new world

Desire for gold and glory

Desire to spread Christianity--Both Protestant and Catholic nations were

eager to make new converts. Missionaries followed the path blazed by

explorers, sometimes using force to bring native peoples into their faiths.

To find gold, silver, and precious stones

51. Reasons for the Delay in founding English settlements in America

England's monarchy in the 1500s was preoccupied with other matters,

including Henry VIII's break with the Roman Catholic Church

52. Reasons for the Survival of the Jamestown colony.

John Smith's Leadership Smith sought successfully traded for food

with the Native American Nansemonds

- Smith interacted with the Native Americans in the area, and formed
a shaky alliance with Powhatan tribes--The Natives shared food with
the colonists, taught them to grow corn and tobacco, and how to find
other food sources in the area.

Established tobacco industry of John RolfeRolfe developed a new

variety of tobacco which became very popular in Europe and brought financial
prosperity to the colony
53. The Edict of Nantes

issued on by Henry IV of France in 1598 to grant the Calvinist

Protestants of France (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in a nation

still considered essentially Catholic.

Granted limited religious freedom to French Protestants, and stopped

religious wars between Protestants and Catholics

Allowed France colonize North America since after it, France was no

longer convulsed by foreign wars and domestic strife

54. The First Charter of the Virginia Company

Granted in June of 1606 by King James I to a group of London

entrepreneurs, the Virginia Company, to establish a satellite English settlement

in the Chesapeake region of North America

By the terms of the charter, the London Company was permitted to

establish a colony of 100 miles square between the 34th parallel and the 41st
parallel (approximately between Cape Fear and Long Island Sound), and also
owned a large portion of Atlantic Ocean and inland Canada.
55. Treaty of Tordesillas

Treaty issued on June 7, 1494, that divided newly discovered lands in

North America between Spain and Portugal, creating an exclusive duopoly

Decreed that lands on to the east would belong to Portugal while lands

on the west would belong to Spainalthough Spain received a larger portion of

the land, Portugal gained concessions in Africa, Asia and present-day Brazil
56. Columbus' accomplishments
He found the New World (the Bahamas) in 1492
Brought great wealth and glory to Spain
Trading of goods- introduced corn, tobacco, potato, beans to Europe
Native Americans spread syphilis to Europe

Europeans introduced sugar, horses, pigs, the wheel, iron implements, and guns to
America
Also spread diseases such as small pox, measles, mumps and other germs to America
56. Colombus accomplishments
a. Discovered the New World as an attempt to find a route to the riches of
China and the Indies.
b. His voyages brought the first PERMANENT interaction between the
Europeans and Native Americans
i. This interaction introduced the Europeans to many new foods and
plants like beans, corns, sweet and white potatoes, tomatoes and
tobacco
ii. Spread of diseases like syphilis, smallpox, and measles
iii. his discovery of the new world led to the introduction of the wheel,
iron implements, and guns to the Americas.
c. During his four transatlantic voyages, Columbus chartered the route for
what today are the islands of Cuba, Haiti, the Dominican Republic,
Puerto Rico, Jamaica, the Lesser Antilles and the coasts of Panama,
Honduras and Venezuela.
d. Columbus introduced the principle of compass variation (the variation at
any point on the Earths surface between the direction to magnetic and
geographic north) and observed the rotation of the Pole star.
e. Columbuss trans-Atlantic route laid the foundation for future navigation
in the region. His maps were used by Amerigo Vespucci (after whom the

American continent takes its name); whose maps were used by later
explorers of South America. Columbuss maps also helped Magellan
follow the coasts of South America during his voyage around the world.
57. After the French and Indian War (Causes and Results)
a. The fourth and most decisive war between England and France.
b. From the British point of view, the French provoked the war by building a
chain of forts in the Ohio River Valley. The French did this so they could
halt the westward growth of the British colonies.
c. The British victory gave Great Britain supremacy in North American and
also established threat country as the dominant naval power in the world
58. Consequences of the Stamp Act
a. Effort to raise funds to support the British military forces by Lord
Grenville
b. Enacted by the Parliament in 1765
c. Revenue stamps placed on printed-paper, legal docs, newspapers,
pamphlets, ads.
d. First direct tax collected from those who used goods- pain by the people.
e. People extremely opposed the Stamp Act
i. A lawyer named Patrick Henry demanded in the House of
Burgesses that the kings government recognize the rights of
citizens including no taxation without representation
ii. In Massachusetts- James Otis initiated a call for cooperative action
among the colonies to protest the Stamp Act.

iii. Boycott against British imports which declined trade which caused
London merchants to put pressure on Parliament to repeal the
Stamp Act
59. Sons of Liberty: A secret society organized for the purpose of intimidating tax
agents. Members of this society sometimes tarred and feathered revenue officials
and destroyed revenue stamps.
60. Immigration to the colonies during the 18th century
a. In the 17th and early 18th centuries, many colonists arrived as indentured
servants or bondsmen who served a term of service before receiving their
freedom.
61. The new man described by Jean de Crevecoeur
62. What is all the evidence of single original continent?
63. Why was Anne Hutchinson banned from Massachusetts Bay Colony?
- She was banned because she questioned the doctrines of Puritan authorities. She
believed in antinomianism- the belief that faith alone, not deeds, is necessary for
salvation. After she was banished from the Bay colony, Hutchinson founded the
colony of Portsmouth.
64. What was the purpose of the Stamp Act?
- The Stamp Act was issued to raise funds to support the British military forces
after the French and Indian War. It was created by Lord Grenville in England.
65. Reasons for founding of the Jamestown colony

a. Englands King James 1 chartered the Virginia Company, a joint stock

company that established the first permanently English colony in America,
JAMESTOWN in 1607.
b. The initial purpose was to expand Englands empire, find another passage
to the Orient and to spread Anglican religion.

66. What factors motivated Puritans to migrate New England in the 1630s?
a. Escape religious persecution- The Puritans were intolerant of anyone or
anything that questioned their religious teachings. This group called the
separatists rejected the idea of reforming the church of England and
wanted to create a church apart from royal control.
b. They initially meant to go to Virginia but they landed in Massachusetts
after a long storm and established a new colony at Plymouth.
67. Stono Rebellion: The Stono Rebellion was the largest rebellion mounted by
slaves against slave owners in colonial America. The Stono Rebellion's location
was near the Stono River in South Carolina. It was led by native Africans who
were Catholic and from the kingdom of Kongo. Their leader was Jemmy who was
the slave belonging to the Cato family.
68. New York Conspiracy: also known as the Negro Plot of 1741 or the Slave
Insurrection of 1741, was a supposed plot by slaves and poor whites in the British
colony of New York in 1741 to revolt and level New York City with a series of
fires. Rumors of a conspiracy arose against a background of economic
competition between poor whites and slaves; a severe winter; war between Britain

and Spain, with heightened anti-Catholic and anti-Spanish feelings; and recent
slave revolts in South Carolina and the Caribbean.
69. A City Upon A Hill: Winthrop articulated his vision of the prospective Puritan
colony in New England as "a city upon a hill": an example to England and the
world of a truly godly society. The concept became central to the United States'
conception of itself as an exceptional and exemplary nation. *A GOOD OF THE
WHOLE WOULD BE PLACED ABOVE ONES PRIVATE CONCERNS*
70. The morning star of the American Revolution:
71. Albany Congress 1743: a meeting of representatives from seven of the thirteen
British North American colonies in 1754 (specifically, Connecticut, Maryland,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, and Rhode Island).
Representatives met daily at Albany, New York from June 19 to July 11 to
discuss better relations with the Indian tribes and common defensive measures
against the French. Delegates did not view themselves as builders of an American
nation; rather, they were colonists with the more limited mission of pursuing a
treaty with the Mohawks.
72. Blacks, Lower-class whites, women were brought into the vortex of imperial
politics during the protests over: STAMP ACT
73. Northwest Ordinance: For the large territory lying between the Great Lakes and
the Ohio River, the congress passed a law that set the rules for creating new
states. The NW Ordinance granted limited self-government to the developing
territory and prohibited slavery in the region.

74. To pay for its share of the cost of the French and Indian War, the Virginia
House of Burgesses
75. Leislers Rebellion: an uprising in late 17th century colonial New York, in which
German American merchant and militia captain Jacob Leisler seized control of
lower New York, and ruled it from 1689 to 1691. The uprising took place in the
aftermath of Britain's Glorious Revolution and a revolt in the Dominion of New
England (to which New York then belonged), and reflected colonial resentment
against the policies of the deposed King James II.
76. Joseph Galloways Plan of Union: An attempt to reorder relations with
Parliament and form a union of colonies within the British Empire. It failed to
pass by only one vote. In it, he called for the establishment of an American
legislature that would govern both imperial affairs in America and relations
between individual colonies. The legislature would function as a branch of the
British Parliament, and legislation passed by the American house would require
Parliament's approval. The plan also recommended appointment, by the king and
a grand council of the colonial assemblies, of a president-general to oversee the
legislature. Galloway's plan for limited colonial sovereignty within unified British
institutions found support among moderate delegates led by James Duane, John
Jay, and John Rutledge. But the plan failed to address the crux of colonial
grievances: excessive parliamentary power.
77. Jesuits gradually enjoyed some success in converting the Indians because
they accepted and even appreciated much of Indian culture.

78. What Indian tribes supported the patriots at the beginning of the
Revolution? Oneida, Mohicans (all I can find but I found a multiple choice test
online and the answer was Oneida so I guess thats important)
79. The Puritan proposals for reforming the Anglican Church?
a. purifying the English church of Catholic corruptions
b. eliminating elaborate hierarchy and ritualistic pageantry
c. improving the education of the clergy
d. forming an oligarchy to govern and rule the colony
80. Anne Bradstreet: (1612-1672) is one of the most important figures in the history
of American Literature. She is considered by many to be the first American poet,
and her first collection of poems, "The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America,
By a Gentlewoman of Those Parts", doesn't contain any of her best known poems,
it was the first book written by a woman to be published in the United States.
Mrs. Bradstreet's work also serves as a document of the struggles of a Puritan
wife against the hardships of New England colonial life, and in some way is a
testament to plight of the women of the age.
81. Samuel Sewell: was a Massachusetts judge, best known for his involvement in
the Salem witch trials for which he later apologized and his essay The Selling of
Joseph (1700), which criticized slavery.
82. Which combination of immigrants provided the greatest number of
immigrants to America? Africans, Scots-Irish, Germans
83. William Penns Frame of Government: Provided substantial power to the
colonys legislature.