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Aesthetics The study of the nature of beauty, art, and taste, and the creation of personal kinds of truth.
Epistemology The study of the nature and scope of knowledge and belief.
Ethics The study of the right, the good, and the valuable. Includes study of applied ethics.
Logic The study of good reasoning, by examining the validity of arguments and documenting their fallacies.
Metaphysics The study of the state of being and the nature of reality.
Philosophy of language
Philosophy of law
Philosophy of mind
Philosophy of religion
Philosophy of science
Applied Ethics
Bioethics
Environmental ethics
Mathematical logic
Philosophical logic
Meta-ethics
Applied philosophy
Meta-philosophy
Philosophy of artificial intelligence
Philosophy of biology
Philosophy of chemistry
Philosophy of education
Philosophy of engineering
Outline of philosophy
Philosophy of history
Philosophy of mathematics
Philosophy of music
Philosophy of perception
Philosophy of physics
Philosophy of psychology
Philosophy of social science
Philosophy of space and time
Teleology
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Western philosophy
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Analytic philosophy
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Confucianism
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Outline of philosophy
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Outline of philosophy
Hindu idealism
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Philosophy of language
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Structuralism
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Philosophy of religion
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Philosophical literature
Blackwell Companion to Philosophy
A History of Western Philosophy, by Bertrand Russell
A History of Philosophy, by Frederick Copleston
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References
[1] Jenny Teichmann and Katherine C. Evans, Philosophy: A Beginner's Guide (Blackwell Publishing, 1999), p. 1: "Philosophy is a study of
problems which are ultimate, abstract and very general. These problems are concerned with the nature of existence, knowledge, morality,
reason and human purpose."
[2] A.C. Grayling, Philosophy 1: A Guide through the Subject (Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 1: "The aim of philosophical inquiry is to gain
insight into questions about knowledge, truth, reason, reality, meaning, mind, and value."
[3] Anthony Quinton, in T. Honderich (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 666: "Philosophy is
rationally critical thinking, of a more or less systematic kind about the general nature of the world (metaphysics or theory of existence), the
justification of belief (epistemology or theory of knowledge), and the conduct of life (ethics or theory of value). Each of the three elements in
this list has a non-philosophical counterpart, from which it is distinguished by its explicitly rational and critical way of proceeding and by its
systematic nature. Everyone has some general conception of the nature of the world in which they live and of their place in it. Metaphysics
replaces the unargued assumptions embodied in such a conception with a rational and organized body of beliefs about the world as a whole.
Everyone has occasion to doubt and question beliefs, their own or those of others, with more or less success and without any theory of what
Outline of philosophy
they are doing. Epistemology seeks by argument to make explicit the rules of correct belief formation. Everyone governs their conduct by
directing it to desired or valued ends. Ethics, or moral philosophy, in its most inclusive sense, seeks to articulate, in rationally systematic form,
the rules or principles involved."
[4] Philosophia, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus (http:/ / www. perseus. tufts. edu/ cgi-bin/
ptext?doc=Perseus:text:1999. 04. 0057:entry=#111487)
[5] Online Etymology Dictionary (http:/ / www. etymonline. com/ index. php?search=philosophy& searchmode=none)
[6] The definition of philosophy is: "1.orig., love of, or the search for, wisdom or knowledge 2.theory or logical analysis of the principles
underlying conduct, thought, knowledge, and the nature of the universe".
External links
Taxonomy of Philosophy (http://consc.net/taxonomy.html) topic outline developed by David Chalmers as the
category structure for the table of contents of the PhilPapers academic directory.
PhilPapers (http://philpapers.org/) comprehensive directory of online philosophical articles and books.
Dictionary of Philosophical Terms and Names (http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/index.htm)
EpistemeLinks: Philosophy Resources on the Internet (http://www.epistemelinks.org/)
Guide to Philosophy on the Internet (http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/gpi/index.htm)
The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy (http://www.iep.utm.edu/)
The Ism Book (http://www.ismbook.com/)
Introducing Philosophy Series. By Paul Newall (for beginners) (http://www.galilean-library.org/philosophy.
html)
Philosophical positions (http://www.db.dk/jni/lifeboat/Concepts/Position.htm) (philosophy, movement,
school, theory, etc.)
The Problems of Philosophy, by Bertrand Russell (links provided to full text)
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (http://plato.stanford.edu/)
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