SAE TECHNICAL

PAPER SERIES

2000-01-3091

Formula SAE Race Car Cockpit Design

An Ergonomics Study for the Cockpit
Eva Mariotti and Badih Jawad
Lawrence Technological University

2000 Future Transportation

Technology Conference
Costa Mesa, California
August 21-23, 2000
400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 U.S.A.

Tel: (724) 776-4841 Fax: (724) 776-5760

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ISSN 0148-7191
Copyright 2000 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
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to the floor. As the seat thigh angle is inclined, the driver

will need the pedal assembly higher and closer, and
more clearance will be needed between the dash and
the floor of the car to accommodate the added height of
the drivers' knees. Since lowering the overall center of
gravity of the car may increase lateral acceleration
(depending on suspension geometry), the seat back
angle was set to 50 degrees from the horizontal, a
relatively reclined position. Test subjects confirmed that
this seat angle was reasonable for driving. Cockpit
dimension data was taken from the subjects in the
ergonomics apparatus.
Additionally, subjects were
asked about preferences for type and location of controls
and instrumentation.
Cockpit dimensions were
established based on the data.

9. Shifter location close to the steering wheel so that

hand travel between the wheel and the shifter is a
minimum distance for quick shifting and faster lap
times.
10. Tachometer and warning lights for the oil and
temperature gauges within the line of sight, and oil
and water temperature gauges within eye range.

The following were goals for the cockpit:

1. Reclined seat back angle so that
the driver remains at a comfortable driving
position.
the overall center of gravity of the car is lowered
for possible increased lateral acceleration.
2. Seat thigh angle to provide drivers with thigh support
while operating the pedals. (Drivers can have better
control and leverage on the pedals with bent knees
than straight legs.)
3. Seat so that the body to leg angle of the drivers is at
a 95 to 105 degree angle for driver comfort and thus
better driver performance.
4. Steering location so that
the drivers grip the steering wheel so that their
upper arm and forearm are at approximately a 90
degree angle for the best mechanical advantage
while steering.
the drivers can turn the wheel without hitting their
legs with the wheel or their hands. (See Figure 1.
The steering wheel is not a full circle. The bottom
portion of the wheel is flat, but this "added"
clearance no longer exists as the wheel is
turned.)
the drivers can move their legs while operating
the pedals without bumping the steering wheel in
the process.
5. Dash height so that
the steering wheel stays within the height of the
dash according to the FSAE rules. See Figure 2.
the drivers can see at least 20 feet ahead to the
ground for reasonable visibility as specified by
the drivers.
6. Clearance between the dash and the floor of the
cockpit so that drivers do not hit their legs while
exiting the vehicle. (The steering wheel is
removable so that it is not an issue during egress.)
7. Proper width of the cockpit to accommodate the seat
and the drivers' legs and shoulders.
8. Pedal assembly location so that
drivers can reach the pedals.
the height of the assembly feels comfortable to
the drivers.

Figure 1. Ergonomics Apparatus of the Cockpit

Figure 2. Cockpit Rules (SAE Rules 5)

SUBJECTS
The subjects of the cockpit study were the LTU FSAE
Car team members since they are the potential drivers
for the FSAE Car Competition. This is in accordance
with the SAE Rules (10). As the study progressed,
driver selection was reduced to seven members, and
these subjects became the focus for the cockpit to
accommodate;
however,
the
car
must
also
th
accommodate the 95 percentile male (Rules 5) and the
th
5 percentile female because the car is designed for the
"nonprofessional weekend autocross racer" (1).
th

th

Appendix A contains 95 percentile male and 5

percentile female data. Similar data was taken from LTU
FSAE team members in Figure A-3.

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Steering
H-Point H-Point to Height Floor to Width of Knee
Wheel
to Wheel
Dash
of Dash Dash
Legs Height
Height

Seat Angle

Thigh
Angle

50

35

18.50

11.50

13.75

23.5

16.0

12

14.75

50

35

18.50

11.25

13.50

24.0

16.0

12

15.50

50

30

16.50

10.50

12.75

23.0

16.0

12

15.25

50

35

17.50

10.50

12.75

23.0

17.0

12

14.50

50

30

18.50

10.00

12.25

24.0

16.0

12

15.75

50

30

18.50

11.25

13.50

24.0

15.5

12

15.50

50

30

17.00

10.00

12.25

23.0

15.5

12

14.50

50

30

17.50

10.75

13.00

23.0

16.0

12

14.50

50

30

17.50

10.50

12.75

23.0

15.5

12

14.75

50

30

17.00

10.25

12.50

23.0

15.5

12

12.75

50

30

18.00

11.00

13.25

22.0

16.5

12

15.00

50

30

17.50

10.50

12.75

23.0

15.0

12

13.00

50

30

17.00

11.00

13.25

21.0

16.0

12

12.75

50

30

18.00

10.00

12.25

23.0

18.0

12

17.50

O
P

50
50

30
30

18.50
16.50

9.25
9.50

11.50
11.75

24.0
22.0

16.0
16.0

12
12

14.50
14.25

Name

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Considerations for a Dash

Closer to the Driver
Advantages:
More clearance between the steering wheel
and the drivers legs
Better visibility for the driver

Tradeoffs:
Reduced ease of egress
Increased roll hoop height to accommodate
head clearance
Increased weight and overall CG height

K-.L

Considerations for
Lowering the Dash
Advantages:
Better visibility for the driver

Tradeoffs:
Less clearance between the steering wheel and
the drivers legs
Increased roll hoop height to accommodate
head clearance
Increased weight and overall CG height
Reduced ease of egress

K-7L

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>NC)''S&-=2&'*&18$%&6&4+8
Name
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
K
M
N
O
P
Q
R

Head
Length

Sitting
Height

10.00
10.00
10.25
9.50
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
9.50
10.00
10.50
9.50
10.25
10.50

33.00
29.25
30.00
33.00
35.75
29.50
27.00
37.00
25.50
36.00
37.50
34.50
36.25
36.75

Shoulder to Elbow to
Elbow
Wrist Pivot
11.00
15.00
15.00
14.00
13.50
15.00
12.50
14.50
13.00
13.00
13.50
12.50
13.00
13.50

12.00
11.75
12.00
11.00
12.25
12.50
10.25
12.00
10.00
11.50
11.00
10.25
10.50
12.00

Hip to
Knee
21.50
21.00
21.50
20.00
21.00
23.00
19.50
20.50
20.00
19.50
21.50
19.25
21.00
22.00

S&%8-4'fb'':,&'+13,-6&+&%'314'@&'=213&.'"4'+,&'@-.L)''>
+13,-6&+&%'."16&+&%'-/'C)G('"4''"8'#--.)'':,&'#1#&8'61L
@&'14L<,&%&;'@$+'+,&'<1%4"4#'2"#,+8'/-%'+,&'-"2'=%&88$%&;
<1+&%' +&6=&%1+$%&;' 14.' 4&$+%12' 1%&' 3%"+"312' +-' @&' -4' +,&
+-='-/'+,&'.18,'"4'+,&'.%"I&%8J'2"4&'-/'2"#,+)

Knee
Pivot
Height
18.00
18.00
19.00
16.50
19.25
19.00
17.50
19.00
16.50
18.50
19.50
16.00
19.50
22.25

Hip Width

Shoulder
Width

Body
Weight

15.50
13.75
14.00
11.50
14.00
15.00
14.00
13.50
9.50
14.00
17.00
11.25
14.50
17.00

19.00
18.50
18.00
16.00
20.00
20.50
18.50
20.00
15.00
17.00
17.50
16.00
17.00
19.00

188
160
156
137
198
196
155
186
115
161
167
129
130
177

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14.'=-8"+"-4&.'4&5+'+-'+,&"%'3-%%&8=-4."4#'#1#&'14.'+,&
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+,&'.18,'"4'-%.&%'+-'%&1.'+,&'8&I&%"+L)