ME2121

Thermodynamics

Lecture 5
Power Cycles for IC Engines (contd.)
Section 9. 6 (Cengel & Boles)

Diesel Cycle
Diesel vs Petrol (Gasoline) Engine

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L5: Power Cycles for IC Engines - II

Diesel Cycle (contd.)

T3 = Tmax 2800K
(cf. 1500K for gas turbines)

34: isentropic
expansion
Pv = C

23: heat addition

at P=C

12: isentropic
compression

4 1: heat rejection
at V=C

Pv = C

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L5: Power Cycles for IC Engines - II

Diesel Cycle (contd.)

Diesel cycle efficiency

useful effect
energy input
Q QL
Q
H
1 L
QH
QH

th

mCv T4 T1
mC P T3 T2

1
T1 / T2 T4 / T1 1
T3 / T2 1

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L5: Power Cycles for IC Engines - II

Diesel Cycle (contd.)

For isentropic processes, PV=mRT and PV = C
1

V
T
T2 V1
rv -1 and 3 4

T1 V2
T4 V3
V
T
V
rv 1 and rc 3 3 (isobaric process 2 3)
V2
V2 T2

1
T
1
T2 rv

V
T
, 4 3
T3 V4

r
T T
T
T
and 4 4 3 2 c
T1 T3 T2 T1 rv
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V V
3 2
V 2 V4

rc rv -1 rc

L5: Power Cycles for IC Engines - II

r
c
rv
V1

Diesel Cycle (contd.)

th, Diesel 1
1
1
rv

1
1
rv

1
T1 / T2 T4 / T1 1
T3 / T2 1

rc 1

r
1

f
r 1
f c
1
rc 1

th, Diesel th, Otto 1

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1
rv 1

L5: Power Cycles for IC Engines - II

Thermal Efficiencies of Otto & Diesel Cycles

For the Otto Cycle,

Typically 7 < rv < 10
0.55 < th,Otto < 0.60
For the Diesel Cycle,
Typically 12 < rv < 23
0.55 < th,Diesel < 0.65

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L5: Power Cycles for IC Engines - II

Dual or Mixed Cycle

Approximates more closely the cycles of actual engines!

useful effect
energy input
Q QL
Q
H
1 L
QH
QH

th

mC v T4 T1
mC v T X T2 mC P T3 T X

T
T4 / T1 1
1 1
T2 T X / T2 1 T3 / T2 T X / T2

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L5: Power Cycles for IC Engines - II

Dual or Mixed Cycle (contd.)

P
rP 3
P2

Besides rv= V1/V2 and rc = V3/V2 ,

the pressure ratio, rP is defined:

TX
P V
P
X X X rP
T2
P2V2
P2

Considering the isentropic processes, 12 and 34

V
T1
PV
1 1 2
T2 P2V2 V1

1

rv

and

r
V
V V
r
T
But 3 3 2 c 4 c
V4 V2 V4 rv
T3 rv

T4 V3

T3 V4
1

T3
PV
3 3 rc
TX
PX V X

T
T
T
T
T
4 4 3 X 2
T1 T3 T X T2 T1
r
c
rv

T3 T3 T X

rc rP
T2 T X T2

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rc rP rv 1 rc rP

L5: Power Cycles for IC Engines - II

Dual or Mixed Cycle (contd.)

T
T4 / T1 1
th 1 1
T2 T X / T2 1 T3 / T2 T X / T2
1
th 1
rv

rc rP 1

rP 1 rP rc 1

th,Diesel <th< th,Otto

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L5: Power Cycles for IC Engines - II

10

Assignment 3
Please attempt:
Problem Set 2:
Q1
Q 2 (Imparo online tutorial)
(Please attempt problems before referring to the Outline Solutions
for maximum benefit in learning)
Enjoy!!

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L5: Power Cycles for IC Engines - II

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