Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Cytology Techniques
Multiple Choice
__ 1. Of the objects listed, which is the smallest that you can see with the unaided
eye?
a)
DNA molecule
b)
Human egg
c)Virus
d)
Ribosomes
e)
Human skin cell
__ 2. The limit of effective magnification with a light microscope is __________ times.
a)
five hundred
b)
two thousand
c)four thousand
d)
one hundred thousand
__ 3. The highest magnification that is generally used to study cells is provided by the
a)
transmission electron microscope
b)
compound light microscope
c)phase contrast microscope
d)
high voltage vacuum cleaners
__ 4. Our increase in knowledge of the cell closely paralleled the development of the:
a)
jail house
b)
civil war
c)microscope;
d)
pH meter
e)
telescope
__ 5. A high-powered microscope that produces an image from scattered secondary
electrons is the
a)
immunofluorescence microscope.
b)
bright-field light microscope.
c)transmission electron microscope (TEM).
d)
scanning electron microscope (SEM).
e)
confocal microscope.
__ 6. A microscope that uses antibodies that glow to reveal the location of a protein in
a cell is the
a)
immunofluorescence microscope.
b)
bright-field light microscope.
c)transmission electron microscope (TEM).
d)
scanning electron microscope (SEM).
e)
confocal microscope.
__ 7. A microscope used to observe living cells and organelles by contrasting the
phase differences so that some regions appear brighter is the
a)
immunofluorescence microscope.
b)
phase contrast light microscope.
c)transmission electron microscope (TEM).
d)
scanning electron microscope (SEM).
e)
confocal microscope.
__ 8. From your knowledge of the size of cell components and the process of
centrifugation, what is the order (from first to last) that the nucleus and
organelles will be extracted?
a)
ribosomesmitochondria and chloroplastsnucleussoluble cytoplasm
b)
nucleusmitochondria and chloroplastsribosomessoluble cytoplasm
c)nucleusmitochondria and chloroplastssoluble cytoplasmribosomes
d)
mitochondria and chloroplastsnucleussoluble cytoplasmribosomes
e)
soluble cytoplasmribosomesmitochondria and chloroplastsnucleus
__ 9. To best preserve the enzymes of a cell when we cut a cell apart in a blender to
separate the organelles, the solution should be
a)
warm and acidic.
b)
warm and basic.
c)cold and neutral.
d)
The temperature and pH does not matter.
__ 10. Functions of a microscope that permit the sharpest view of an organism
include(s) which of the following?
a)
resolution
b)
contrast
c)magnification
d)
All of the choices are correct.
True - False
Short Answer
Essay
Cells -- General
Multiple Choice
__ 11. The function of organelles in eukaryotic cells is to:
a)
provide compartments that separate different chemical activities
b)
allow the cell to move within its environment
c)provide protection for the cell
d)
provide separation between the cell and its environment
e)
increase the cell's surface area
__ 12. An animal secretory cell and a photosynthetic leaf cell are similar in all but one
of the following ways EXCEPT:
a)
They both have Golgi apparatus
b)
They both have mitochondria
c)They both have transport proteins for active transport of ions
d)
They both have chloroplasts
e)
They both have a cell membrane
__ 13. Cell biologists have introduced radioactively labeled carbohydrates, fats and
amino acids to living cells, allowed time for cell metabolism, and then disrupted
the cells in a blender and separated out the various cell organelles from the
cytoplasm. They found the radioactive molecules could soon be detected as part
of various cellular compounds, although the visible cell structures appeared
unchanged. This leads us to conclude that
a)
these "food" molecules are used only for energy.
b)
most cell components are constantly being broken down and rebuilt.
c)radioactivity was transferred from the introduced molecules to the resident
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stable molecules.
d)
molecules diffuse at random through the cytoplasm and into cell
organelles.
e)
radioactivity has an unusual role in metabolism of living cells.
14. Which of the following is not present in all cells
a)
cell wall
b)
plasma membrane
c)ribosomes
d)
DNA molecules
e)
None of the above
15. The first cell that was seen under a microscope was a _________ cell.
a)
cork
b)
blood
c)sperm
d)
skin
e)
root tip
16. The cell theory states state
a)
all cells have a nucleus
b)
all cells divide by mitosis
c)all living organisms are made up of cells
d)
cells arise through spontaneous generation.
e)
growth is solely the result of cell division
17. The cell was first seen by
a)
Robert Brown
b)
Robert Hooke
c)Theodor Schwann
d)
Virchow
e)
Leeuwenhoek
18. Which of the following is not true?
a)
According to the definition of an organ, the human heart is an organ.
b)
Bacterial cells have nuclei and several different kinds of organelles.
c)The fundamental nature of chemical reactions is determined by the electrons in
the outer orbital of atoms.
d)
According to the definition of a molecule, carbon dioxide is a molecule.
e)
None of these.
19. About when did Schleiden and Virchow propose that ALL LIVING THINGS ARE
COMPOSED OF ONE OR MORE CELLS?
a)
mid 1500s
b)
mid 1600s
c)mid 1700s
d)
mid 1800s
e)
mid 1900s.
20. MOST CELLS REMAIN SMALL because AS THEY GROW LARGER:
a)
it is harder to get nutrients dispersed throughout the cell
b)
it is harder to get waste products out of the cell
c)there is less surface area per volume of the cell
d)
the more the volume increases in relation to the cell-surface area
e)
all of these answers are correct.
__ 21. All cells, regardless of type, have which three of the following features in
common?
A. DNA
B. golgi
C. cytoplasm D. endoplasmic reticulum E. plasma membrane
a)
A, B, C
b)
C, D, E
c)A, B, D
d)
B, C, E
e)
B, D, E
__ 22. Prokaryotic cells:
a)
have a well defined nucleus
b)
have organelles with membranes that separate them from the cytoplasm
c)usually have a rigid cell wall
d)
are multicellular
e)
both A and B, but not C or D
__ 23. Which of the following statements about bacteria, plant, and animal cell
structure is correct?
a)
Bacteria and plants are prokaryotic, but animal cells are eukaryotic
b)
Plant and animal cells are prokaryotic, but bacteria are eukaryotic
c)Animal cells and bacteria are eukaryotic, but plant cells are prokaryotic
d)
Bacteria are prokaryotic, but animal and plant cells are eukaryotic
e)
Bacteria lack cell structure, but plants and animals have cell structure
__ 24. The diameter of a typical PROKARYOTIC cells is about:
a)
1 millimeter
b)
1 meter
c)1 micrometer
d)
1 nanometer
e)
1 megameter
__ 25. The typical BACTERIAL cell is about the same size as the eukaryotic:
a)
Golgi complex
b)
mitochondrion
c)nucleus
d)
ribosome
e)
endoplasmic reticulum
f) endocytosis or exocytosis
__ 26. A cellular diameter of 40 micrometers is equivalent to:
a)
0.4 millimeter
b)
0.04 millimeter
c)40,000 nanometers
d)
4,000 nanometers
e)
Both 0.04 millimeter and 40,000 nanometers are correct
__ 27. Which of the following would be found in an animal cell, but not in a bacterial
cell?
a)
DNA
b)
cell wall
c)plasma membrane
d)
ribosomes
e)
endoplasmic reticulum
__ 28. Eukaryotic cells can be larger than prokaryotic cells because:
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a)
their plasma membrane has more control over the movement of materials
into the cell.
b)
their internal membrane system allows compartmentalization of functions
and extra surface area for nutrient exchange and placement of enzymes.
c)their DNA is localized in the nucleus whereas protein synthesis occurs in the
cytoplasm, separating these competing functions.
d)
they have more chromosomes and a mitotic process of cell division.
e)
they have a cytoskeleton composed of microtubules and microfilaments.
29. A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes,
plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from:
a)
a bacterium
b)
an animal, but not a plant
c)a plant, but not an animal
d)
a plant or an animal
e)
any kind of organism
30. Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
a)
centriole
b)
lysosome
c)nucleolus
d)
peroxisome
e)
ribosome
31. All cells possess all the following components except:
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Genetic material
c)Nuclear membrane
d)
Plasma cell membrane
e)
Ribosomes
32. The cell is the basic unit of function and reproduction because
a)
subcellular components cannot regenerate whole cells.
b)
cells are totipotent.
c)single cells can sometimes produce an entire organism.
d)
cells can only come from preexisting cells.
e)
a cell can arise by the fusion of two cells.
33. What is the meaning of the term "prokaryotic"?
a)
"False nucleus"
b)
"Before the nucleus"
c)"True nucleus"
d)
"Small nucleus"
e)
"Before the cell"
34. Which does NOT agree with part of the cell theory?
a)
Insects are composed of cells.
b)
Paramecia come from Paramecia.
c)Bacteria are the smallest possible organisms.
d)
Minerals are important for good health.
e)
Spontaneous generation can not occur.
35. What is not characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?
a)
A plasma membrane
b)
A nuclear membrane
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c)Ribosomes
d)
Enzymes
e)
DNA
36. What is not characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?
a)
A plasma membrane
b)
A nuclear membrane
c)Ribosomes
d)
Enzymes
e)
DNA
37. Prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic cells possess:
a)
Mitochondria
b)
Chloroplasts
c)A cytoskeleton
d)
Ribosomes
e)
A nucleus
38. Which is a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
a)
Prokaryotes have RNA, eukaryotes have DNA
b)
Prokaryotes have DNA, eukaryotes have RNA
c)Prokaryotes have a nucleus, eukaryotes have a nucleoid
d)
Prokaryotes have a nucleoid, eukaryotes have a nucleus
e)
Prokaryotes have a cell wall, eukaryotes do not
39. The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains:
a)
Water
b)
Dissolved nutrients
c)Organelles
d)
Enzymes
e)
All of these
40. A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes,
plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from:
a)
a bacterium
b)
an animal, but not a plant
c)a plant, but not a animal
d)
a plant or animal
e)
any kind of organism
41. Which is NOT true about the cell theory?
a)
Its various parts were described by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow.
b)
It states that all organisms are composed of cells.
c)It states that all cells come from preexisting cells.
d)
It states that bacteria and other small organisms can arise spontaneously.
e)
It is accepted today by biologists as applying to virtually all forms of life.
42. As they flow over rotten logs as a fluid sheet, slime molds appear to lack any
partitioning into cell units; however, slime molds do become cellular when they
change form to produce spores. And the surface of some parasitic flatworms and
some insect tissues are a "syncytium" or layer of living material that contains
many nuclei and cell organelles but lacks partitioning by cell membranes. These
tissues consume food and produce wastes. In light of the cell theory that "all
living things are composed of cells," then
a)
these tissues are not living because they are not cellular.
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b)
these tissues are obviously a bridge between nonliving and primitive living
cells.
c)the general concept of life-is-cellular still holds because these organisms still
utilize cells sometime in their life, but this shows that cell membrane partitions
can be abandoned.
d)
this proves that a "vital force" beyond cell chemistry can give life to
substances.
e)
All of the choices are true.
43. Which is NOT a reason for the small size of cells?
a)
As the linear dimensions of a cell increase, the volume increases twice as
fast as the surface area.
b)
Nutrients and wastes must enter and leave the cell through the plasma
membrane.
c)The nucleus can only control a certain amount of cytoplasm.
d)
The increased number of organelles requires that eukaryotic cells be
smaller than prokaryotic cells.
e)
Materials must be able to move quickly and efficiently through the
cytoplasm.
44. Which term is based on the Greek root words for "before" and "kernel"?
a)
peptidoglycan.
b)
eukaryote.
c)nucleolus.
d)
prokaryote.
e)
nucleus.
45. Which is NOT true of eukaryotic cells?
a)
A true nucleus contains the chromosomes.
b)
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bounded compartments.
c)They contain ribosomes that are smaller than those of prokaryotic cells.
d)
They all contain mitochondria.
e)
They contain many organelles in the cytoplasm.
46. Eukaryotic cells are substantially larger than bacterial cells and average over 20
times more volume-per-surface-area than bacterial cells. How can the eukaryotic
cell membrane provide this higher rate of exchange of materials?
a)
Plasma membrane folds increase the surface area.
b)
Carrier proteins speed the rate at which a solute crosses the plasma
membrane in the direction of decreasing concentration.
c)Mitochondria are concentrated near membranes to provide energy for active
transport of molecules or ions.
d)
Large molecules are engulfed by vesicle formation.
e)
All of the choices are correct.
47. An animal secretory cell and a photosynthetic leaf cell are similar in all but one
of the following ways EXCEPT:
a)
They both have Golgi apparatus
b)
They both have mitochondria
c)They both have transport proteins for active transport of ions
d)
They both have chloroplasts
e)
They both have a cell membrane
True - False
__ 48. All cells contain the same kinds of proteins in the same relative locations.
a)
True
b)
False
c)False
__ 49. An extracellular matrix helps some cells to adhere to neighboring cells.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 50. As the size of a cell increases, so does its surface-to-volume ratio.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 51. A cell is the smallest unit of living matter.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 52. The cytoplasm is the fluid that bathes the structures that are located in the cell.
a)
True
b)
False
Short Answer
Essay
Fluid-mosaic model
Multiple Choice
__ 53. Based on your understanding of the composition of a cell membrane, what
would it probably feel like to the touch?
a)
Tough, like skin
b)
Thin and hard, like a nutshell
c)Stretchy and soft, like a balloon
d)
Pliable and soft, like jelly
e)
Wet and without substance, like water
__ 54. What prevents your immune system from attacking your own cells?
a)
inadequate enzymes
b)
fever
c)cholesterol
d)
recognition proteins
e)
receptor proteins
__ 55. Each time the water in a cell freezes slowly, long sharp crystals spear through
the membrane structures of the cell. However, in the frozen state, virtually no
chemical reactions occur. The most likely explanation for the bad taste of meat
that has "freezer burn" from repeated freezing is the destruction of
a)
the Golgi bodies and their vesicles.
b)
lysosomes and resultant autodigestion.
c)rough endoplasmic reticulum causing the release of ribosomes.
d)
ribosomes causing them to break into subunits.
e)
the nuclear membrane causing mixing of nucleoplasm and cytoplasm.
__ 56. Having similar ____________ would allow tissues and organs to be transplanted
easily.
a)
cell recognition proteins
b)
major histocompatibility complex proteins
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cell?
a)
Phospholipids
b)
Carbohydrates
c)Proteins
d)
Nuclei acids
e)
Cytoskeleton
True - False
__ 96. Cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 97. The modern model of plasma membrane structure was first described in 1986.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 98. Fluidity of a membrane increases as the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids
in the phospholipids goes up.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 99. The lipid portion of a plasma membrane acts like a liquid at the temperature of
the human body.
a)
True
b)
False
Short Answer
Essay
Transport of solutes
Multiple Choice
__ 100. The slowest rate of diffusion of dye particles in water will occur in which
situation?
a)
Dye particles in water at 10 degrees C
b)
Dye particles in water at 20 degrees C
c)Dye particles in water at 30 degrees C
d)
Dye particles in water at 40 degrees C
e)
Dye particles in water at 80 degrees C
__ 101. You fill a shallow tray with water and place a drop of red ink in one end of the
tray and a drop of green ink in the other end. Which of the following is true at
equilibrium?
a)
The red ink is uniformly distributed in one half of the tray and the green
ink is uniformly distributed in the other half of the tray.
b)
The red and green inks are both uniformly distributed throughout the tray.
c)Each ink is moving down its concentration gradient.
d)
The concentration of each ink is higher at one end of the tray than at the
other end.
e)
No predictions can be made without knowing the size of the ink molecules.
__ 102. Carbon dioxide crosses the plasma membrane by simple diffusion. What
determines the rate at which carbon dioxide enters the cell?
a)
The concentration of carbon dioxide on each side of the membrane.
b)
The amount of energy being produced by the cell.
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b)
Passive transport
c)Pinocytosis
d)
Exocytosis
e)
Entropy
117. What happens when diffusion moves molecules across the plasma membrane?
a)
The cell gains needed materials and gets rid of excess materials very
quickly.
b)
Most molecules are capable of crossing the phospholipid bilayer at any
location and at basically the same rate.
c)Energy input is required to transport molecules.
d)
The rate of diffusion cannot be influenced by the cell.
e)
The process is very slow and is driven by concentration gradients.
118. For diffusion to occur there must be:
a)
a membrane
b)
a gradient
c)water
d)
ATP
e)
all of these
119. Which of the following may influence the rate of simple diffusion across a
differentially permeable membrane?
a)
Size of molecule
b)
Lipid solubility of the molecule
c)Concentration gradient
d)
a and c are correct
e)
All are correct
120. Facilitated diffusion is most like:
a)
Coasting across a bridge on your bike.
b)
Being carried across a stream.
c)Walking across a room.
d)
Riding a ski lift.
e)
Swimming.
121. Molecules which permeate a plasma membrane by facilitated diffusion:
a)
Require an expenditure of energy
b)
Require the aid of transport proteins
c)Move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
d)
Do so much more quickly than those crossing by simple diffusion
e)
All of these
122. A molecule that can diffuse freely through a phospholipid bilayer is probably:
a)
Hydrophilic
b)
Positively charged
c)Hydrophobic
d)
Negatively charged
e)
A sugar
123. In reference to diffusion, "passive" really means:
a)
without a membrane
b)
in the air
c)no gradient
d)
very slowly
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e)
no energy required
124. Molecules assisted by carrier proteins may cross a differentially permeable
membrane by:
a)
Facilitated diffusion
b)
Active transport
c)Osmosis
d)
Endocytosis
e)
Simple diffusion
125. A certain cell, such as a neuron, has a high concentration of K+ ions. How can
K+ ions continue to enter the cell?
a)
Active transport
b)
Facilitated diffusion
c)Osmosis
d)
Endocytosis
e)
Infusion
126. Active transport requires:
a)
Transport proteins
b)
ATP
c)A membrane
d)
A gradient
e)
All of these
127. What is active transport?
a)
Diffusion of molecules within a cell.
b)
Movement of molecules into or out of a cell against a concentration
gradient.
c)Movement of molecules into or out of a cell down a concentration gradient.
d)
The movement of molecules into or out of a cell using special proteins and
not requiring an expenditure of energy.
e)
Rapid movement of molecules in a solution.
128. Transport processes (for example, diffusion and active transport) occur across
which membranes?
a)
Plasma membranes
b)
Chloroplast membranes
c)Mitochondrial membranes
d)
ER membranes
e)
All of these
129. Active transport
a)
require an input of ATP.
b)
is involved in diffusion.
c)occurs in osmosis and facilitated transport.
d)
All of the choices are correct.
130. Whether a molecule can cross the plasma membrane depends upon
a)
the size of the molecule.
b)
the shape of the molecule.
c)the chemical properties of the molecule.
d)
the charge of the molecule.
e)
All of the choices are correct.
131. Which is the best definition of active transport?
a)
movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an
area of their lower concentration
b)
movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of
high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
c)movement of molecules from an area of their lower concentration to an area of
their higher concentration
d)
movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of
low water concentration to an area of higher water concentration
e)
movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of
energy from ATP
__ 132. The sodium-potassium pump moves sodium and potassium ions across the
plasma membrane by
a)
facilitated transport.
b)
active transport.
c)cotransport.
d)
endocytosis.
e)
exocytosis.
__ 133. Sugars and amino acids are carried into the cell by means of
a)
facilitated transport.
b)
active transport.
c)simple diffusion.
d)
endocytosis.
e)
exocytosis.
True - False
__ 134. Small, hydrophilic molecules pass easily through the plasma membrane of the
cell.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 135. Carrier molecules in the plasma membrane are only required for active
transport.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 136. The barrier between the interior of a human cell and its external environment
is known as the cell wall.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 137. Carrier proteins are necessary for active transport to occur.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 138. In the sodium-potassium pump, sodium is transported out of the cell and
potassium is transported into the cell as ATP is broken by a membrane protein.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 139. Lipid-soluble molecules are able to diffuse into a cell more rapidly than watersoluble molecules.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 140. Receptor-mediated endocytosis involves the use of specific proteins in the cell
membrane.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 141. Receptors are involved in the movement of some materials across the plasma
membrane.
a)
True
b)
False
Short Answer
Essay
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d)
Phagocytosis
e)
Ingestion
148. The process by which cholesterol is transported into the cell by binding of LDL
to its receptor and the internalization of the receptor-LDL complex is
a)
facilitated transport.
b)
active transport.
c)cotransport.
d)
endocytosis.
e)
exocytosis.
149. Cell products are secreted from the cell through
a)
facilitated transport.
b)
active transport.
c)cotransport.
d)
endocytosis.
e)
exocytosis.
150. Pinocytosis is an example of
a)
facilitated transport.
b)
active transport.
c)cotransport.
d)
endocytosis.
e)
exocytosis.
151. If phagocytosis can be compared to cellular eating, the pinocytosis can be
compared to
a)
cellular elimination.
b)
cellular drinking.
c)cellular dehydration.
d)
None of the choices are correct.
152. The process by which a white blood cell or an amoeba engulfs bacteria is
called phagocytosis.
a)
True
b)
False
True - False
Short Answer
Essay
Cell-Cell junctions
Multiple Choice
__ 153. Plasmodesmata in plant cells are similar in function to which structure in
animal cells?
a)
peroxisomes
b)
desmosomes
c)gap junctions
d)
glycocalyx
e)
tight junctions
__ 154. Ions can travel directly from the cytoplasm of one animal cell to the cytoplasm
of an adjacent cell through:
a)
plasmodesmata
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b)
intermediate filaments
c)tight junction
d)
desmosomes
e)
gap junctions
155. Plasmodesmata.
a)
structure or process is a feature of all cells
b)
structure or process is found in prokaryotic cells only
c)structure or process is found in eukaryotic cells only
d)
structure or process is found in plant cells only
e)
structure or process is found in animal cells only
156. Which of the following is NOT associated with animal cells?
a)
an extracellular matrix
b)
plasmodesmata
c)gap junctions
d)
adhesion junctions (desmosomes)
e)
tight junctions
157. Tight junctions.
a)
structure or process is a feature of all cells
b)
structure or process is found in prokaryotic cells only
c)structure or process is found in eukaryotic cells only
d)
structure or process is found in plant cells only
e)
structure or process is found in animal cells only
158. Specialized cell junctions include
a)
gap junctions.
b)
tight junctions.
c)desmosomes.
d)
a, b, and c.
e)
a and b.
159. Adhesion of animal tissues is accomplished by cell-to-cell junctions called:
a)
Desmosomes
b)
Tight junctions
c)Gap junctions
d)
Plasmodesmata
e)
Cell plates
160. The urinary bladder is protected from leaking due to cell-to-cell junctions
called:
a)
Desmosomes
b)
Tight junctions
c)Gap junctions
d)
Plasmodesmata
e)
Stretch receptors
161. Involved in cell-to-cell communication.
a)
plasmodesmata
b)
intermediate filaments
c)tight junction
d)
desmosomes
e)
gap junctions
162. Protein channels that provide passage for hormones and nutrients between
True - False
__ 164. In the cells that line the lumen of the small intestine, gap junctions keep
materials from the digestive tract from slipping between the cells and entering
the tissues.
a)
True
b)
False
Short Answer
Essay
Osmosis
Multiple Choice
__ 165. The diffusion of water molecules across a differentially permeable membrane
is termed:
a)
Facilitated diffusion
b)
Hydrolysis
c)Active transport
d)
Exocytosis
e)
Osmosis
__ 166. If red blood cells are taken from the body and placed in a hypertonic solution,
what happens to the cells?
a)
The cells swell and burst because water moves into the cells.
b)
The cells shrivel up because water leaves the cells.
c)The cells remain unchanged due to equal solute concentration inside and
outside the cells.
d)
The cells remain unchanged due to equal water concentrations inside and
outside the cells.
e)
They become white blood cells.
__ 167. Inside a "cell" you construct, you place a 1 M salt solution. You place the cell in
a 1 M sugar solution. What happens?
a)
Water enters the cell because there is more water outside than inside.
b)
Water leaves the cell because sugar is a larger molecule than salt.
c)Water leaves and enters at the same rate.
d)
Sugar diffuses in and salt diffuses out until equilibrium is reached.
e)
c and d.
__ 168. A freshwater protozoan, such as Paramecium, tends to _______ because it lives
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in a _______ environment.
a)
gain water; hypotonic
b)
lose water; hypertonic
c)gain water; hypertonic
d)
lose water; hypotonic
e)
gain water; isotonic
169. Osmosis depends on:
a)
Random movement of water molecules until equilibrium is reached.
b)
Random movement of solute molecules until equilibrium is reached.
c)Differences in water concentration between solutions.
d)
The amount of water inside and outside the cell.
e)
All of these.
170. Solutions that cause water to enter cells by osmosis are termed:
a)
Hypertonic
b)
Isotonic
c)Hypotonic
d)
Permeable
e)
Hydrophilic
171. The blood plasma of a human becomes _______ to their red blood cells if they
drinks saltwater.
a)
hyposmotic
b)
isotonic
c)hypotonic
d)
hypertonic
e)
hydroponic
172. Plant cells transport sucrose across the vacuole membrane against its
concentration gradient by a process known as
a)
simple diffusion.
b)
active transport.
c)passive transport.
d)
facilitated diffusion.
e)
osmosis.
173. When a red blood cell is placed in an isotonic solution, which of the following
will occur?
a)
The cell will shrivel.
b)
The cell will swell and burst.
c)The cell will shrivel, and then return to normal.
d)
The cell will swell and then return to normal.
e)
Nothing.
174. The rate of facilitated diffusion of a molecule across a membrane does not
continue to increase as the concentration difference of the molecule across the
membrane increases because
a)
facilitated diffusion requires ATP energy.
b)
as the concentration difference increases, molecules interfere with one
another.
c)there are a limited number of carrier proteins in the membrane.
d)
increased concentration difference causes a situation far from equilibrium.
e)
the diffusion constant depends on the concentration difference.
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e)
movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of
energy from ATP
181. Which is the best definition of osmosis?
a)
movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an
area of their lower concentration
b)
movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of
high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
c)movement of molecules from an area of their lower concentration to an area of
their higher concentration
d)
movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of
low water concentration to an area of higher water concentration
e)
movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of
energy from ATP
182. Plants show turgor pressure when
a)
cells are losing water from their water vacuoles.
b)
cells contain water vacuoles that are full of water.
c)water is being used up in photosynthesis.
d)
water is being evaporated from the leaves.
183. If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, which will occur?
a)
Salts will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
b)
Water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
c)Salts will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution.
d)
Water will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution.
e)
None of the choices will occur.
184. If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, which will occur?
a)
Salts will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
b)
Water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
c)Salts will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution.
d)
Water will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution.
e)
None of the choices will occur.
185. If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, which will occur?
a)
Salts will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
b)
Water will move into the cell from the surrounding solution.
c)Salts will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution.
d)
Water will move out of the cell into the surrounding solution.
e)
None of the choices will occur.
186. Freshwater protozoans react to a/an _____ environment by removing water
through _____.
a)
hypertonic, turgor pressure
b)
hypotonic, turgor pressure
c)isotonic, a contractile vacuole
d)
hypertonic, a contractile vacuole
e)
hypotonic, a contractile vacuole
187. _______ is a shrinking of the cytoplasm due to osmosis.
a)
Plasmolysis
b)
Endocytosis
c)Crenation
d)
Diffusion
e)
Turgor
__ 188. Which of the following is the reason plants wilt on a hot summer day?
a)
loss of water
b)
lack of turgor pressure
c)heat weakens the plant cell walls
d)
both loss of water and therefore lack of turgor pressure.
__ 189. A red blood cell placed in 50% NaCl solution will
a)
undergo crenation.
b)
swell and eventually burst due to water intake.
c)stay the same size.
d)
None of the choices are correct.
True - False
__ 190. Plant cells will usually burst if an abundance of water has moved into the cell.
a)
True
__ 191. Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across differentially permeable
membranes.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 192. Crenation of red blood cells results when the red bloods cells lose water into a
fluid environment that contains more solutes than the cell.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 193. Cells placed in an isotonic environment will die as they swell and burst.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 194. An isotonic solution has a solute concentration that is the same as that found
inside of the cell.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 195. A hypertonic solution has a water concentration greater than that that is found
inside the cell.
a)
True
b)
False
Short Answer
Essay
Cell walls
Multiple Choice
__ 196. What is the primary function of the cell wall?
a)
selectively permeable
b)
transport
c)contains hormone receptors
d)
used in cell-cell recognition
e)
none of these
__ 197. What is the innermost portion of some mature plant cell walls called?
a)
primary cell wall
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b)
secondary cell wall
c)middle lamella
d)
glycocalyx
e)
tonoplast
198. Which statement is true of cell walls?
a)
Cell walls are nonliving.
b)
Cell walls are secreted by the cells they surround.
c)Bacteria, fungi, and some protists possess cell walls.
d)
a and c are correct.
e)
All of these are true.
199. What is a major component of cell walls of plants?
a)
Chitin
b)
Cellulose
c)Pectin
d)
Lignin
e)
Protein
200. What is a major component of cell walls of bacteria?
a)
Chitin
b)
Cellulose
c)Peptidoglycan
d)
Lignin
e)
Protein
201. An amino sugar called N-acetylmuramic acid is an important building block of
the cell wall of some bacteria. Penicillin prevents this amino sugar from being
incorporated into the bacterial cell wall. Therefore,
a)
penicillin affects bacteria but not eukaryotes because eukaryotic cell walls
are different.
b)
bacterial cells that had already formed their cell walls would be
unaffected.
c)penicillin would stop the growth of active colonies of susceptible bacteria.
d)
All of the choices are correct.
202. Cells that do not produce cell walls are
a)
animal cells.
b)
plant cells.
c)bacterial cells.
d)
fungal cells.
203. All cells have a cell wall that regulates the passage of molecules into and out
of the cell.
a)
True
b)
False
204. Which is NOT true about plant cell walls?
a)
All plant cells have a primary cell wall.
b)
Primary cell walls contain cellulose and microfibrils.
c)Secondary cell walls are located just outside the primary cell wall.
d)
Secondary cell walls occur only in woody plants.
e)
Cell walls are penetrated by extensions of cytoplasm that connect
adjacent cells' cytoplasm.
205. Which of the following is true with respect to plant cell walls?
a)
They contain n-acetylglutamic acid.
b)
They all have secondary cell wall to some extent.
c)There is a greater amount of cellulose in secondary cell walls than in primary
cell walls.
d)
Lignin is found in primary cell walls of plants.
True - False
Short Answer
Essay
True - False
Short Answer
Essay
True - False
Short Answer
Essay
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c)mitochondria
d)
lysososmes
e)
endoplasmic reticulum
217. ___________ are the primary sites for the production of proteins.
a)
Golgi bodies
b)
ribosomes
c)mitochondria
d)
lysososmes
e)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
218. All of the following except one are CHARACTERISTIC of the eukaryotic cell's
ROUGH AND SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. Select the EXCEPTION.
a)
some make proteins
b)
place address tag on proteins and lipids for eventual cell placement
c)may be rough of smooth
d)
some make lipids
e)
appears like stacks of flattened sacs without a surrounding membrane
219. Each is composed of two parts or subunits made of proteins and RNA.
a)
Golgi bodies
b)
ribosomes
c)mitochondria
d)
lysososmes
e)
endoplasmic reticulum
220. Ribosomes.
a)
structure or process is a feature of all cells
b)
structure or process is found in prokaryotic cells only
c)structure or process is found in eukaryotic cells only
d)
structure or process is found in plant cells only
e)
structure or process is found in animal cells only
221. Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing
which of the following molecules?
a)
lipids
b)
starches
c)proteins
d)
steroids
e)
glucose
222. What is the difference between "free" and "attached" ribosomes?
a)
Free ribosomes are in the cytoplasm while attached ribosomes are
anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum.
b)
Free ribosomes produce proteins that remain in the cytosol while attached
ribosomes produce proteins that may be exported from the cell.
c)Free ribosomes produce proteins that are exported from the cell while attached
ribosomes make proteins for mitochondria and chloroplasts.
d)
a and c.
e)
a and b.
223. If you identified a cell with large amounts of rough ER, which would not be a
logical conclusion about that cell?
a)
Large quantities of enzymes for biochemical processes are manufactured
by that cell.
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__
b)
Quantities of nuclear membrane are produced by that cell.
c)Proteins for export are manufactured by that cell.
d)
Membrane lipids are produced by that cell.
e)
Large amounts of proteinaceous hormone are exported by the cell.
224. Which of the following is associated with rough ER?
a)
Chlorophyll
b)
Ribosomes
c)Lipid synthesis
d)
Plasma membrane
e)
DNA
225. Endoplasmic reticulum is the site of synthesis of:
a)
Lipids
b)
Testosterone
c)More ER
d)
Choices a and b are correct
e)
Choices a, b, and c are correct
226. Site of protein synthesis.
a)
Mitochondria
b)
Golgi bodies
c)Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
d)
Lysosomes
e)
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
227. After being formed by the ribosomes located on the endoplasmic reticulum,
what is the next organelle to which a protein could be transported?
a)
mitochondria
b)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c)Golgi apparatus
d)
nucleus
e)
nucleolus
228. Which is a true statement about ribosomes?
a)
Ribosomes contain DNA and protein.
b)
Ribosomes are active in carbohydrate synthesis.
c)Ribosomal subunits leave the nucleus after being formed by the nucleolus.
d)
Polyribosomes are the subunits of ribosomes.
e)
Ribosomes are only found associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in
prokaryotic cells.
229. The Greek root word that means "net" and "within" is
a)
prokaryote.
b)
eukaryote.
c)cytoplasmic.
d)
nucleoid.
e)
endoplasmic.
230. Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing
which of the following molecules?
a)
lipids
b)
starches
c)proteins
d)
steroids
e)
glucose
True - False
__ 231. The endoplasmic reticulum is a membranous system that is continuous with
the nuclear envelope.
a)
True
b)
False
Short Answer
Essay
Golgi apparatus
Multiple Choice
__ 232. A primary function of Golgi bodies in eukaryotic cells is to:
a)
make new lipids
b)
tag lipids and proteins with an address which says where they are to be
sent within the cell
c)to general ATP for the cell
d)
serves as the site where photosynthesis occurs
e)
the place where golgies are made
__ 233. Vesicles are developed from the membranes of the ____________ and move to
the cell membrane where they fuse during exocytosis.
a)
mitochondria
b)
Golgi bodies
c)ribosomes
d)
plastids
e)
nucleoli
__ 234. Sorts out mixtures of substances and sends them to their proper destinations.
a)
mitochondria
b)
Golgi complex
c)rough endoplasmic reticulum
d)
lysosomes
e)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
__ 235. Golgi bodies.
a)
structure or process is a feature of all cells
b)
structure or process is found in prokaryotic cells only
c)structure or process is found in eukaryotic cells only
d)
structure or process is found in plant cells only
e)
structure or process is found in animal cells only
__ 236. The golgi packages materials into _________ for transport or export.
a)
organelles
b)
plastids
c)vesicles
d)
microns
e)
nucleoli
__ 237. Which cellular component packages hydrolytic enzymes into lysosomes?
a)
Golgi complex
b)
Smooth ER
c)Mitochondrion
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d)
Cytoskeleton
e)
Rough ER
238. What "buds off" of the Golgi complex?
a)
Nuclei
b)
Cytoskeleton
c)Ribosomes
d)
New cells
e)
Vesicles
239. Which of the following gives rise to both lysosomes and vesicles? The
a)
rough endoplasmic reticula
b)
mitochondria
c)Golgi apparati
d)
ribosomes
240. Sorts our mixtures of protein and sends them to their proper destination.
a)
Mitochondria
b)
Golgi bodies
c)Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
d)
Lysosomes
e)
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
241. _________ are the primary structures for the packaging of cellular secretions for
export.
a)
Golgi bodies
b)
ribosomes
c)mitochondria
d)
lysososmes
e)
endoplasmic reticulum
242. Vesicles leave the Golgi from the _____ side.
a)
cis
b)
medial
c)trans
d)
all of these
e)
none of these
243. The Golgi body could be compared to a:
a)
stack of pancakes
b)
balloon
c)fork
d)
jelly bean
e)
kidney bean
244. The Golgi body could be compared to a
a)
stack of pancakes
b)
balloon
c)fork
d)
jelly bean
e)
kidney bean
245. A primary function of Golgi bodies in eukaryotic cells is to
a)
make new lipids
b)
tag lipids and proteins with an address which says where they are to be
sent within the cell
True - False
Short Answer
Essay
Lysosomes
Multiple Choice
__ 247. From your knowledge of the function of lysosomes, the pH of lysosomes is
likely to be
a)
highly variable.
b)
5.
c)precisely neutral or 7.
d)
9.
e)
12.
__ 248. Lysosomes are produced by the
a)
vacuoles.
b)
nucleus.
c)mitochondria.
d)
Golgi apparatus.
e)
ribosomes.
__ 249. Digests damaged organelles and phagocytized materials.
a)
Mitochondria
b)
Golgi bodies
c)Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
d)
Lysosomes
e)
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
__ 250. How does a cell rid itself of defective or malfunctioning organelles?
a)
They are engulfed by plastids and stored until export from cell is possible.
b)
Defective parts accumulate until the cell itself dies.
c)Lysosomes assist in the removal of defective organelles by digesting them.
d)
Ribosomes play a significant role in the removal of malfunctioning parts by
absorbing the parts.
e)
They are exported by exocytosis.
__ 251. If all the lysosomes within a cell suddenly ruptured, what would be the most
likely result?
a)
The macromolecules in the cell cytosol would begin to degrade.
b)
The number of proteins in the cytosol would begin to increase.
c)The DNA within the mitochondria would begin to degrade.
d)
The mitochondria and chloroplasts would begin to divide.
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__
__
e)
There would be no change in the normal function of the cell.
252. Digests worn out organelles.
a)
mitochondria
b)
Golgi complex
c)rough endoplasmic reticulum
d)
lysosomes
e)
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
253. __________ contain enzymes for digestion of bacteria and viruses.
a)
Golgi bodies
b)
ribosomes
c)mitochondria
d)
lysosomes
e)
endoplasmic reticulum
254. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a)
nucleolus : ribosome assembly
b)
nucleus : DNA replication
c)lysosome : protein synthesis
d)
cell membrane : lipid bilayer
e)
cytoskeleton : microtubules
255. Contains hydrolytic enzymes.
a)
lysosome
b)
tonoplast
c)mitochondrion
d)
Golgi apparatus
e)
peroxisome
256. Helps to recycle the cell's organic material.
a)
lysosome
b)
tonoplast
c)mitochondrion
d)
Golgi apparatus
e)
peroxisome
257. Involved in storage diseases such as Tay-Sach's.
a)
lysosome
b)
tonoplast
c)mitochondrion
d)
Golgi apparatus
e)
peroxisome
True - False
Short Answer
Essay
Nucleus
Multiple Choice
__ 258. The Greek root word that means "center" is the main root for
a)
prokaryote.
b)
eukaryote.
c)centriole.
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d)
cilia.
e)
nucleus.
259. The Greek root word that means "true kernel" is
a)
prokaryote.
b)
eukaryote.
c)nucleolus.
d)
nucleoid.
e)
nucleus.
260. A eukaryotic organelle that can best be seen with the light microscope is the
a)
endoplasmic reticulum.
b)
nucleus.
c)ribosome.
d)
polyribosome.
e)
microtubule.
261. The nucleus is NOT important as the site of
a)
DNA synthesis.
b)
RNA synthesis.
c)synthesis of ribosomal subunits.
d)
protein synthesis.
262. An organelle capable of synthesis of nuclear membrane is the:
a)
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
b)
Nucleus itself
c)Golgi complex
d)
Mitochondrion
e)
Chloroplast
263. A nucleolus is:
a)
An extra nucleus in the cell
b)
A dark area in the nucleus where ribosomes are made
c)An area where the nucleus is synthesized
d)
A membrane-bound organelle
e)
The area in a prokaryote where DNA is concentrated
264. The nuclei of eukaryotic cells are characterized by:
a)
A single-layered membrane
b)
One or more nucleoids
c)One or more nucleoli
d)
A non-porous membrane
e)
All of these
265. Assembles ribosomal precursors.
a)
centriole
b)
lysosome
c)nucleolus
d)
peroxisome
e)
ribosome
266. All of the following except one are CHARACTERISTIC of the eukaryotic cell's
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE. Select the EXCEPTION.
a)
contains pores
b)
nucleus surrounded by a double (inner and outer) membrane
c)provides a partial physical barrier between chromosomes and cytoplasm
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d)
membranes bleb off to form vesicles known as lysosomes
e)
surrounds the nucleolus
267. All of the following except one are CHARACTERISTIC of the eukaryotic cell's
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE. Select the EXCEPTION.
a)
contains pores
b)
nucleus surrounded by a double (inner and outer) membrane
c)provides a partial physical barrier between chromosomes and cytoplasm
d)
membranes bleb off to form vesicles known as lysosomes
e)
surrounds the nucleolus.
268. Chromatin is composed of:
a)
RNA and protein
b)
DNA and histones
c)lipids and histones
d)
RNA and DNA
e)
none of these
269. Which of the following is associated with the inner membrane of the nucleus?
a)
nucleoli
b)
nucleod
c)lamins
d)
ribosomes
e)
RNA
270. Place where ribosomal precursors are assembled.
a)
centriole
b)
lysome
c)nucleolus
d)
peroxisome
e)
ribosome
271. Cycloheximide is a drug that inhibits protein synthesis on eukaryotic
ribosomes. Chloramphenicol is a drug that inhibits protein synthesis on
prokaryotic ribosomes. Which of the following cells (or parts of cells) would have
protein synthesis inhibited if they were grown in the presence of
chloramphenicol?
a)
bacteria
b)
chloroplasts
c)mitochondria
d)
bacteria and mitochondria only
e)
bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria
True - False
Short Answer
Essay
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__
__
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__
d)
Golgi apparatus
e)
peroxisome
273. Site of aerobic respiration.
a)
lysosome
b)
tonoplast
c)mitochondrion
d)
Golgi apparatus
e)
peroxisome
274. All of the following except one are characteristic of MITOCHONDRIA in
eukaryotic cells. Select the EXCEPTION.
a)
found in great number in cells having high energy demands
b)
found in plant and animal cells
c)their membranes contain photosynthetic pigments
d)
contains an outer and deeply folded inner membrane
e)
accomplishes ATP formation from materials such as sugars used as energy
sources.
275. A biologist ground up some plant cells and then centrifuged the mixture. She
obtained some organelles from the sediment in the test tube. The organelles took
up CO2 and gave off O2. The organelles are most likely:
a)
chloroplasts
b)
ribosomes
c)nuclei
d)
mitochondria
e)
Golgi apparatus
276. Contains cristae.
a)
lysosome
b)
tonoplast
c)mitochondrion
d)
Golgi apparatus
e)
peroxisome
277. Where in the mitochondria is the Krebs (tricarboxylic acid) cycle located?
a)
outer membrane
b)
inner membrane
c)cristae
d)
thylakoids
e)
matrix
278. Where in the mitochondria is the electron transport chain located?
a)
outer membrane
b)
inner membrane
c)cristae
d)
thylakoids
e)
matrix
279. Which of the following is capable of converting light energy to chemical bond
energy?
a)
chloroplasts
b)
mitochondria
c)leucoplasts
d)
peroxisomes
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__
e)
Golgi bodies
280. All of the following except one are terms and concepts that are associated with
CHLOROPLASTS. Select the EXCEPTION.
a)
Grana
b)
Lysosomes
c)Stroma
d)
Photosynthesis
e)
Chlorophyll.
281. The primary function of a plant CHLOROPLAST is to:
a)
store food materials and cellular wastes
b)
accumulate starch
c)help the cell maintain its structural rigidity
d)
form rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum
e)
to accomplish photosynthesis.
282. __________ are the primary sites for extraction of energy from carbohydrates.
a)
Golgi bodies
b)
ribosomes
c)mitochondria
d)
lysososmes
e)
endoplasmic reticulum
283. All of the following except one are characteristic of MITOCHONDRIA in
eukaryotic cells. Select the EXCEPTION.
a)
found in great number in cells having high energy demands
b)
found in plant and animal cells
c)their membranes contain photosynthetic pigments
d)
contains an outer and deeply folded inner membrane
e)
accomplishes ATP formation from materials such as sugars used as energy
sources
284. All of the following except one are terms and concepts that are associated with
CHLOROPLASTS. Select the EXCEPTION.
a)
Grana
b)
Lysosomes
c)Stroma
d)
Photosynthesis
e)
Chlorophyll
285. The primary function of a plant CHLOROPLAST is to:
a)
store food materials and cellular wastes;
b)
accumulate starch;
c)help the cell maintain its structural rigidity;
d)
form rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum;
e)
to accomplish photosynthesis.
286. What do both mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?
1. ATP is produced.
2. DNA is present. 3. Ribosomes are present.
a)
1
b)
2
c)3
d)
Only 2 and 3 are correct.
e)
1, 2, and 3 are correct.
__ 287. Lamellae, grana, thylakoids and CF1 particles are all structural components
found in:
a)
cilia and flagella
b)
chloroplasts
c)mitochondria
d)
lysosomes
e)
nuclei.
__ 288. Organelles that contain DNA include:
a)
ribosome
b)
mitochondria
c)chloroplasts
d)
mitochondria and chloroplasts only
e)
ribosomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
__ 289. Contains cristae:
a)
lysosome
b)
tonoplast
c)mitochondrion
d)
Golgi apparatus
e)
peroxisome
__ 290. Which of the following is capable of converting light energy to chemical bond
energy?
a)
chloroplasts
b)
mitochondria
c)leucoplasts
d)
peroxisomes
e)
Golgi bodies
__ 291. A biologist ground up some plant cells and then centrifuged the mixture. She
obtained some organelles from the sediment in the test tube. The organelles took
up CO2 and gave off O2. The organelles are most likely:
a)
chloroplasts
b)
ribosomes
c)nuclei
d)
mitochondria
e)
Golgi apparatus
__ 292. The utilization of "food" in the mitochondria, with the associated formation of
ATP, is termed
a)
cellular respiration.
b)
metabolic rate.
c)diffusion.
d)
metabolic processing of fuels.
e)
catabolism.
__ 293. Which of the following is/are evidence that mitochondria were once free-living
organisms?
a)
They produce ATP
b)
They contain their own DNA
c)They are found in all eukaryotic cells
d)
a and b
e)
a, b, and c
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
d)
Microtubules
e)
Mitochondria
302. Which organelle does one expect to be most abundant in human skeletal
muscle cells?
a)
Mitochondria
b)
Lysosomes
c)Golgi complexes
d)
Smooth ER
e)
Plastids
303. An organelle associated with carbohydrate synthesis is the:
a)
Golgi complex
b)
Ribosome
c)Centriole
d)
Nucleolus
e)
Nucleus
304. Which organelle extracts energy from food molecules and stores it in the highenergy bonds of ATP?
a)
Mitochondrion
b)
Chloroplast
c)Ribosome
d)
Centriole
e)
ER
305. Which of the following is capable of converting light energy to chemical
energy?
a)
Chloroplasts
b)
Mitochondria
c)Amyloplasts
d)
Vacuoles
e)
Golgi bodies
306. A biologist ground up some plant cells and then centrifuged the mixture. She
obtained some organelles from the pellet in the test tube that took up CO2 and
gave off O2. The organelles are most likely
a)
Nuclei
b)
Ribosomes
c)Chloroplasts
d)
Mitochondria
e)
Golgi bodies
307. Which of the following relationships between cell structures and their
respective functions is NOT correct?
a)
cell wall support and protection
b)
chloroplasts chief site of cellular respiration
c)nucleus site of genetic control of information
d)
ribosomes site of protein synthesis
e)
mitochondria formation of ATP for the cell
308. Site of cellular respiration.
a)
Mitochondria
b)
Golgi bodies
__
__
__
__
__
__
True - False
__ 315. Mitochondria have an inner membrane system called thylakoid membranes.
a)
True
b)
False
Short Answer
Essay
Cytoskeleton
Multiple Choice
__ 320. Microfilaments participate in the formation of:
a)
cilia
b)
cell cleavage furrows
c)flagella
d)
mitotic spindles
e)
basal bodies
__ 321. Cells can be described as having a "cytoskeleton" of internal structures that
contribute to the shape, organization, and movement of the cell. All of the
following are part of the "cytoskeleton" EXCEPT:
a)
cell wall
b)
microtubules
c)microfilaments
d)
intermediate filaments
e)
microtrabecular lattice
__ 322. Structures used to move organelles are:
a)
cilia
b)
vesicle
c)endoplasmic reticula
d)
cytoskeleton
e)
flagella
__ 323. Possesses a microtubular structure similar in form to a basal body.
a)
centriole
b)
lysosome
c)nucleolus
d)
peroxisome
e)
ribosome
__ 324. Cytoskeleton.
a)
structure or process is a feature of all cells
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
b)
structure or process is found in prokaryotic cells only
c)structure or process is found in eukaryotic cells only
d)
structure or process is found in plant cells only
e)
structure or process is found in animal cells only
325. The signal that passes from one smooth muscle cell to the next (i.e. cell-to-cell
communication) occurs through:
a)
tight junctions.
b)
desmosomes.
c)gap junctions.
d)
internal proteins.
e)
external proteins
326. The cytoskeleton is to the cell what...
a)
bones are to humans
b)
a frame is to a house
c)a desk is to an office
d)
a and b
e)
all of these
327. What primarily determines the shape of cells that lack cell walls?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Cytosol
c)Endoplasmic reticulum
d)
Cytoskeleton
e)
Ribosomes
328. All the following are important functions of the cytoskeleton except:
a)
Storage of food molecules
b)
Support of organelles
c)Movement of organelles
d)
Maintenance of shape
e)
Maintenance of organization in the cell
329. Fibers of the cytoskeleton are composed primarily of:
a)
Nucleic acids
b)
Polysaccharides
c)Lipids
d)
ER
e)
Proteins
330. Which of the following is NOT a known function of the cytoskeleton?
a)
to maintain a critical limit on cell size
b)
to provide mechanical support to the cell
c)to maintain a characteristic shape of the cell
d)
to hold mitochondria and other organelles in place
e)
to assist in cell motility
331. Actin filaments are
a)
also known as microtubules.
b)
able to assemble and disassemble from component proteins.
c)found in the center of flagella and cilia.
d)
intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments.
e)
made of different kinds of components in different tissues.
332. Without a cytoskeleton, eukaryotic cells would NOT
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
__
a)
synthesize protein.
b)
have an efficient way to transport materials from one organelle to another.
c)have an efficient means of metabolism.
d)
communicate with adjacent cells.
333. Actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules compose the
cytoskeleton.
a)
True
b)
False
334. A cytoskeleton is found in prokaryotic cells.
a)
True
b)
False
335. Structures used to move organelles are
a)
cilia
b)
vesicle
c)endoplasmic reticula
d)
microtubules
e)
flagella
336. Primarily used for contraction and movement of pseudopodia.
a)
actin filaments
b)
lysome
c)intermediate filaments
d)
peroxisome
e)
microtubules
337. Possesses a microtubular structure.
a)
cilia
b)
lysome
c)nucleolus
d)
peroxisome
e)
ribosome
338. Microfilaments participate in the formation of:
a)
cilia
b)
DNA
c)flagella
d)
mitotic spindles
e)
microvilli
339. Which cytoskeletal element is NOT correctly associated with its characteristic?
a)
Cilia are small extensions of membrane-surrounded microtubules.
b)
Microtubules are made up of a globular protein called tubulin.
c)Centrioles are found in the microtubule organizing centers of plants.
d)
Flagella have a 9 + 2 pattern of microtubule structure.
e)
Basal bodies are located at the base of cilia and flagella.
340. Which of the following help direct the movement of materials or organelles
throughout the cell?
a)
rough endoplasmic reticulum
b)
cytoskeleton
c)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
d)
all of the choices are true
True - False
Short Answer
Essay
True - False
Short Answer
Essay
Organelles -- General
Multiple Choice
__ 351. What do both mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?
1. ATP is produced.
2. DNA is present.
3. Ribosomes are present.
a)
1
b)
2
c)3
d)
Only 2 and 3 are correct.
e)
1, 2, and 3 are correct.
__ 352. Organelles that contain DNA include:
a)
ribosome
b)
mitochondria
c)chloroplasts
d)
mitochondria and chloroplasts only
e)
ribosomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
True - False
Short Answer
Essay
Prokaryotic structure
Multiple Choice
__ 353. Which of the following is used in specific adhesion and conjugation in bacteria?
a)
cilia
b)
microvilli
c)pilli
d)
capsule
e)
cell wall
__ 354. Which structure helps protect bacteria from phagocytosis?
a)
cilia
b)
microvilli
c)pilli
d)
capsule
e)
cell wall
__ 355. Which of the following is found as part of the eukaryotic cell's nucleus but NOT
the prokaryotic cell's nucleus?
a)
DNA
b)
chromosome
c)porous limiting membrane system
d)
long chains of nucleotides covalently bonded together
e)
deoxyribonucleic acid
__ 356. All of the following except one are found as part of the typical BACTERIAL CELL.
Select the EXCEPTION.
a)
internal membranes
b)
ribosomes
c)cell wall
d)
membrane-bound nucleus
e)
plasma membrane
__ 357. The typical BACTERIAL cell is about the same size as a:
a)
chloroplast
b)
central vacuole
c)mitochondrion
d)
eukaryotic nucleus
e)
plasma membrane
__ 358. If you removed the pili from a bacterial cell, which of the following would you
expect to happen?
a)
The bacterium could no longer swim.
b)
The bacterium could no longer adhere to other cells.
c)The bacterium could no longer regulate the movement of molecules into and
out of the cell.
d)
The bacterium would dry out.
e)
The shape of the bacterium would change.
__ 359. Which statement is NOT true about bacteria?
a)
Their cell wall is made of a slime layer that is the same as in plant cell
walls.
b)
Some are photosynthetic.
True - False
__ 363. The DNA of a prokaryotic cell is located in the nucleoid region.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 364. Eukaryotic ribosomes make proteins. What is the function of prokaryotic
ribosomes?
a)
make RNA
b)
make histones
c)make proteins
d)
make lipids
e)
make phospholipids
__ 365. Ribosomes are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 366. Bacteria and algae are prokaryotic cells.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 367. Prokaryotic cells are about half the size of eukaryotic cells, on average.
a)
True
b)
False
__ 368. Bacterial and eukaryotic flagella have the same structure made of
microtubules.
a)
True
b)
False
Short Answer
Essay
True - False
Short Answer
Essay
********************************XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX***
******XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX***********************************XXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX********************************XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
__ 377. Plant cell walls are primarily composed of ___________________.
__ 378. A shrinking machine has been invented that will allow you, as a cell biologist,
to actually explore the inside of an animal and a plant cells. On your journey,
describe some of the structures that you observe and discuss their use in the
cell. What are the similarities and differences you observe in the two different cell
types.
__ 379. Why is the cytoskeleton such an important structural component of cells?
__ 380. Describe the three parts of the cell theory, and explain how this concept is
related to the principle of evolution.
__ 381. Describe several major differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
__ 382. Distinguish between a nucleus and a nucleoid, telling where each is found and
what each contains.
__ 383. Describe the structure and function of a ribosome, and tell how they differ
between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
__ 384. Describe the various portions of the endomembrane system, giving the
function of each part.
__ 385. Diffusion should result in a fairly even distribution of cell components. Proteins
may be produced in ribosomes, but they are often further modified and delivered
to other specific locations and are not spread around evenly. How does this
happen?
__ 386. Describe the structure and function of chloroplasts and mitochondria.
__ 387. Explain the endosymbiotic theory and the lines of evidence that support it.
__ 388. Describe the structure of cilia and flagella in eukaryotic cells, and contrast that
with the structure of flagella in prokaryotic cells.
__ 420. The ________________ has the ability to digest organelles once they become
defective or malfunctioning.
__ 421. Briefly describe the interrelationship of structure and function among the
rough ER, smooth ER, and golgi.
__ 422. Of the following cell components which is composed primarily of protein?
__ 423. Briefly describe the similarities and differences between cilia and flagella. Give
an example of an organism that is ciliated and one that is flagellated. Where do
you find ciliated and flagellated cells in humans?
__ 424. Briefly describe what distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell.
__ 425. A protein molecule is to be exported from the cell. Describe the pathway that
the protein takes from the point of synthesis to export.
__ 426. Write a short essay describing the similarities and differences between a plant
cell and an animal cell.
__ 427. A cell that contains large numbers of ribosomes, would produce a large
number of __________ molecules.
__ 428. The _______________ is an organelle, which serves as a sort of "postal depot"
where some of the proteins synthesized on ribosomes and rough ER are
processed.
__ 429. RNA carries information for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus to
the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. To get from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, RNA
must pass through _______________.
__ 430. In plant cells, glucose is produced by photosynthesis in the __________
(organelle) and converted to usable energy in the form of ATP in the __________
(organelle).
__ 431. Although both extensions from the cytoplasm serve to move the cell or move
fluid past the cell, the __________ are often short and numerous, while the
_________ are longer and few in number.
__ 432. Describe the difference between the nucleolus, nucleus and nucleoid regions in
cells?
__ 433. When a cell grows in size it must produce more plasma membrane material.
How does the cell do this?