Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ANIMAL COMMUNICATION
1.
touch (TACTILE)
movement, posture (e.g. dogs, geese) (VISUAL)
facial gestures (e.g. dogs snarling) (VISUAL)
visual signals (e.g. feathers, chromatophores) (VISUAL)
A) INTRASPECIES COMMUNICATION:
I. MATING
1.
- repel competitors
2. CRICKETS
HOW: by scratching together the bases of their forewings
3. WEB-SPINNING SPIDERS
HOW: by sending vibrations (a males love poem);
- by scented web (Sierra Dome Spider)
4. FISH
HOW: Displaying and sensing ELECTRICITY
OR from grinding teeth (toadfish)
5. FROGS
TO ATTRACT FEMALES or TO DOUBLE CHECK ON THE
MALE (e.g. female Carpenter Frogs)
HOW: croaks produced as a result of air circulating between
sacs and lungs
frog dialects
6. BIRDS
HOW: singing LEARNED song variants
- Song Sparrow
- bird dialects
Bowerbird builds a bower that serves him as a stage (dancing +
singing on it)
7. RED DEER
HOW: partaking in a ROARING COMPETITION
8. EMPEROR PENGUINS
HOW: singing a penguin-specific song
9. (Baleen) WHALES
TO MATE or to keep in touch OVER LONG DISTANCES
HOW: through infrasonic calls (Humpback whale, Killer whale)
10.ELEPHANTS
TO MATE (mating rumbles) or TO KEEP IN TOUCH
HOW: infrasonic communication
2. CATS
to proclaim its TERRITORY (to repel intruders)
B) INTERSPECIES COMMUNICATION:
1. CEPHALOPODS
predator avoidance / capturing prey through CAMOUFLAGE or
DISRUPTIVE COLORATION
2. PIRATE SPIDERS
to deceive their prey
III. FOOD
1. HONEYBEE
to communicate about the environment or the availability of food
HOW: HONEYBEE DANCE
studies of Austrian biologist Karl von Frisch
Michelsens ROBOBEE experiments
2. DOMESTIC CHICKENS
The FOOD CALLS
HOW: a low series of single-note clucks
for an excellent food source they cluck more often and
more rapidly. Other hens quickly respond to such food
calls
for an average food source more indifferent calls
IV. TERRITORIALITY
1. HIPPOS
to announce its TERRITORY
the only land species that CALLS AND HEARS IN STEREO
- one channel being air and the other - underwater
HOW: through infrasounds