Sequence and Series

IRevision Material
Homework
1.

If a b2c3 , a2b3c4 , a3b4c5 are in A.P., ( a, b, c 0 ), then the minimum value of a b c

(a) 1

(b) 3

(c) 5

is

(d) 9

Sol: ab2c3 , a 2b3c 4 , a3b4c5 are in A.P.

1, abc, a2b2c2 are also in A.P (since ab2 c3 is not equal to 0)

2abc 1 a2b2c2 (abc 1)2 0 abc 1

(1)

Also since A.M. G.M., we have

abc
(abc)1/3 a b c 3(abc)1/3 a b c 3(1) (since abc 1 by equation (1))
3
Ans: (b)
2.

The maximum value of the sum of the series 50 48 46 44

(a) 648

(b) 450

is

(c) 558

(d) 650

Sol: To get maximum value of the sum, we have to add terms till they remain positive. So we should
add 50 48 46 44

The sum of the above series is

2(1 2 3

25 26
25) 2
650
2

Ans: (d)
3.

If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that a b c d 2 , then m (a b)(c d ) satisfies the
relation
(a) 0 m 1

(b) 1 m 2

(c) 2 m 3

(d) 3 m 4

Sol: Since a, b, c, d are all positive,

m0

(1)

Also, A.M G.M

( a b) ( c d )
2
(a b)(c d ) m
2
2

m 1

(2)

From (1) and (2), we get 0 m 1

Ans: (a)
4.

If a1, a2 , a3 ,

a1 a2 a3

, a20 are A.M.s between 13 and 67, then the maximum value of the product

a20 is

(a) 2020

(b) 4020

(c) 6020

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(d) 8020

Sequence and Series

IRevision Material
Sol: The numbers 13, a1, a2 , a3 ,

, a20 , 67 are in A.P.

13 67
a20 20
800
2

a1 a2 a3

Now, A.M G.M

a1 a2 a3
20

800
(a1a2
20

a20

(a1a2

a20 )1/20

a20 )1/20 (a1a2

a20 )1/20 4020

Ans: (b)
5.

If a1, a2 , a3 ,

, an are positive real numbers whose product is a fixed number c , then the minimum

value of a1 a2 a3

an1 2an is
(b) (n 1)c1/ n

(a) n(2c)1/ n

(c) 2nc1/ n

(d) (n 1)(2c)1/ n

Sol: Since A.M G.M, we have

a1 a2 a3

an1 2an
n

a1 a2 a3

(a1 a2

an1 2an )1/ n (2c)1/ n

an1 2an n(2c)1/ n

Ans: (a)
6.

If 0, , then
2

(a) 2 tan

x2 x

tan 2 x
x2 x

is always greater than or equal to

(b) 1

(c) 2

Sol: Since A.M G.M, we have

x2 x

tan 2 x

2
x 2 x x 2 x tan x

x 2 x
2

tan 2 x tan
tan

(since 0, tan 0 )
2

x2 x

tan 2 x
x2 x

2 tan

Ans: (a)

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(d) sec2

Sequence and Series

IRevision Material

7.

If

21

ai 693 , where a1,

i 1

a2 ,

(a) 361

(b) 363

Sol: We have, a1 a2

693

, a21 are in A.P., then the value of

a21

21
(a1 a21 )
2

10

a2r 1

(c) 365

21
(a1 a21 )
2

is

r 0

(d) 398

(since the numbers are in A.P.)

(given)

a1 a21 66

Now,

10

a2r 1

can be written as

r 0

a1 a3 a5 a7 a9

a21

(a1 a21 ) (a3 a19 ) (a5 a17 ) (a7 a15 ) (a9 a13 ) a11

5 (a1 a21 ) a11

(since terms

equidistant from the ends have the same sum)

5 66 a11

a a
330 a11 330 1 21 (since a11 is the middle term)
2

330 33 363

Ans: (b)
8.

If (1.05)50 11.658 , then

49

(1.05)n

equals

n1

(a) 208.34
Sol:

49

(b) 212.12

(1.05)n (1.05) (1.05)2

(c) 212.16

(d) 213.16

(1.05) 49

n1

(1.05){(1.05)49 1} (1.05)50 (1.05) 11.658 1.05

212.16
(1.05 1)
0.05
0.05

Ans: (c)
9.

The H.M. of two numbers is 4 and their A.M. and G.M satisfy the relation 2 A G2 27 . The numbers
are
(a) 3 and 1

(b) 5 and 25

(c) 5 and 4

Sol: Given H 4, 2 A G 2 27 . We also have G 2 AH

2 A AH 27

6 A 27 A

9
27 9
and G 2 AH (4) 18

2
6 2
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(d) 3 and 6

Sequence and Series

IRevision Material

a b 9, ab 18

From the given options, we can see that 3 and 6 satisfy the above conditions.
Ans: (d)
10. If

n 55 , then n2
(a) 385

Sol:

is equal to
(b) 506

n 55

(c) 1115

(d) 3025

n(n 1) 55 n2 n 110 n(n 1) 10 11

2

So we can take n 10

n2

n(n 1)(2n 1) 10 11 21

385
6
6

Ans: (a)
11. If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. is Pn Qn2 , where P and Q are real numbers, then the common
difference of the A.P. is
(a) P Q

(b) P Q

(c) 2Q

(d) 2P

Sol: We have

S1 P(1) Q(1)2 P Q

S2 P(2) Q(2)2 2P 4Q

and
Now,

(1)

S1 t1 (the first term) and

(2)

S2 S1 t2 t1 P Q and t2 2P 4Q P Q P 3Q

Now common difference d t2 t1 P 3Q P Q 2Q

Ans: (c)
12. If

log2 (a b) log2 (c d ) 4 ,
(a) 2

the

minimum

(b) 4

value

of

the

expression

(c) 8

abcd

(d) none of these

Sol: Since log2 (a b) log2 (c d ) 4 , we have

log2 [(a b)(c d )] 4 (a b)(c d ) 24

But A.M. G.M.

( a b ) (c d )
(a b)(c d ) 22 a b c d 8
2

Ans: (c)
13. If a1, a2 , a3 ,
(a) A.P.

, an are in H.P., then

(b) G.P.

a1
a2 a3

an

a2
a1 a3

an

(c) H.P.

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an
are in
a1 a2 an1
(d) A.G.P

is

Sequence and Series

IRevision Material

Sol:

1 1
1
,
,
,
a1 a2 a3

1
are in A.P.
an

Multiplying the terms with a1 a2

a1 a2
a1

an

a1 a2
a2

a a
or 1 2 3
a1

an

, 1

an

an , we get

a1 a2
an

a1 a3
a2

an

an

, 1

are in A.P.

a1 a2 an1
are in A.P.
an

Subtracting 1 from the terms, we get

a2 a3
a1

an

a1 a3
a2

an

a1 a2 an1
are in A.P.
an

So their reciprocals

a1
a2 a3

an

a2
a1 a3

an

an
are in H.P.
a1 a2 an1

Ans: (c)
14. If a1, a2 , a3 (a1 0) are in G.P., with common ratio r , then the value of r for which the inequality

9a1 5a3 14a2 holds cannot lie in the interval

9
(b) 1,
5

(a) [1, )

4
(c) ,
5

5
(d) ,
9

Sol: We have a2 a1r , a3 a1r 2

9a1 5a3 14a2

9a1 5a1r 2 14a1r

9 5r 2 14r

5r 2 14r 9 0

(5r 9)(r 1) 0

9
So r cannot lie between the roots i.e. r 1,
5
Ans: (b)
15. If the numbers 32sin 2 x1, 14, 342sin 2 x form fist three terms of an A.P., its fifth term is equal to
(a) 25

(b) 12

(c) 40

Sol: We have 2(14) 32sin 2 x1 342sin 2 x

1
1
or 28 32sin 2 x 34
2sin
2x
3
3
Putting 32sin 2 x t , we can write the above equation as

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(d) 53

Sequence and Series

IRevision Material

28

t 81

3 t

84t t 2 243

t 2 84t 243 0

(t 81)(t 3) 0 t 3, 81

32sin 2 x 31 or 32sin 2 x 34

2sin 2 x 1 or 2sin 2 x 4

1
sin 2 x , 2
2

We reject sin 2 x 2 , and take sin 2 x

1
2

The first term is 311 1 , second term is 14 , and the third term is 27 .
The common difference is d 13
Now,

t5 a 4d 1 4(13) 53

Ans: (d)
16. If three positive real numbers a, b, c are in A.P., with abc 64 , then the minimum value of b is
(a) 4

(b) 3

(c) 2

Sol: We have 2b a c

(d)

1
2

(1)

Using A.M. G.M. , we get,

abc 3
3b 3
abc
64 using (1)
3
3
b4

Ans: (a)
17. The numbers of divisors of the numbers 1029, 1547, 122 are in
(a) A.P.

(b) G.P.

(c) H.P.

Sol: The number of divisors of a number written in the form N a p bq cr

distinct primes and p, q, r,

(d) none of these

, where a, b, c,

are

are natural numbers, is given by the product ( p 1)(q 1)(r 1)

We need to first factorize the given numbers.

1029 3 73 so it has (1 1)(3 1) 8 divisors

1547 7 112 so it has (1 1)(2 1) 6 divisors
122 2 61 so it has (1 1)(1 1) 4 divisors

The numbers 8, 6, 4 are in A.P.

Ans: (a)
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Sequence and Series

IRevision Material
18. The sum of integers between
(a) 2050

and

that are divisible by

(b) 3050

50)

is

(c) 4050

Sol: Integers divisible by 2 are {2, 4, 6, 8, 10,

2(1 2

or

(d) 5050

100} . The sum of these integers

2 50 51
2550
2

Integers divisible by 5 are {5, 10, 15, 20,

, 100} . Their sum

Integers divisible by 10 are {10, 20, 30, , 100} . Their sum is

5(1 2 3

10(1 2

20)

10)

5 20 21
1050
2

10 10 11
550
2

Sum of the integers from 1 to 100 that are divisible by 2 or 5

2550 1050 550 3050

Ans: (b)
19. If

are in A.P., then the straight line

will always pass through a fixed point

whose coordinates are

(b) (1, 2)

(a) (1, 2)

(c) (2, 1)

(d) (2, 1)

Sol: Since a, b, c are in A.P., we have 2b a c or a 2b c 0 . Comparing the coefficients with the
straight line ax by c 0 , we get ( x, y) (1, 2)
Ans: (b)
20. Let the harmonic and geometric means of two positive numbers be in the ratio
numbers are in the ratio
(a) 5 : 3

(b) 3 : 2

(c) 2 :1

Sol: Let a and b be the given positive numbers.

2ab
H ab 4
Then

G
ab 5

5 ab 2(a b)

4a2 17ab 4b2 0

1
a
4 or
4
b

Therefore the ratio is 4 :1 or 1: 4

Ans: (d)

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(d) 4 :1

. Then the two

Sequence and Series

IRevision Material

21. Sum of n n (n 1) (n 1) (n 2) (n 2)

1 (2n 1) is

(a)

1
n(n 1)(2n 1)
3

(b)

1
n(n 1)(2n 1)
3

(c)

1
n(n 1)(4n 1)
6

(d)

1
n(n 1)(4n 1)
6

Sol: Let S n n (n 1) (n 1) (n 2) (n 2)

1 (2n 1)

r 1

r 1

r 1

r 1

(n r 1)(n r 1) {n2 (r 1) 2 } n2 1 (r 1)2

n2 n {02 12 22 32
n3

(n 1)2 }

(n 1)n(2n 1) 1
n{6n2 (2n2 3n 1)}
6
6

1
1
n(4n2 3n 1) n(n 1)(4n 1)
6
6

Ans: (c)
22. A G.P. consists of an even number of terms. The sum of all its terms is five times the sum of odd terms.
Then the common ratio of this progression is
(a) 2

(b) 3

Sol: Let the G.P. be a, ar , ar 2 ,

(c) 4

(d) 5

, ar n1 .

As given, we have

a ar ar 2

ar 2n1 5(a ar 2 ar 4

a(1 r 2n ) 5a(1 r 2n )

1 r
1 r2

ar 2n2 )

1 r 5 r 4

Ans: (c)
23. If (1 p)(1 3x 9 x2 27 x3 81x4 243x5 ) 1 p6 , p 1 , then the value of
(a) 4

(b) 1

(c) 2

Sol: 1 3x 9 x2 27 x3 81x4 243x5 =

we get (1 p)

1 (1 (3 x) 6 )
1 3x

1 (1 (3x)6 )
1 p6
1 3x

which is possible only if p 3x

p
3
x

Ans: (d)

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p
is
x
(d) 3

Sequence and Series

IRevision Material

y
24. If cos( x y), cos x, cos( x y) are in H.P., then cos x sec is equal to
2
(a)

(b) 2 2

(c)

Sol: When three numbers a, b, c are in H.P., we have b

cos x

(d)

3
2ac
ac

2cos( x y) cos( x y)
2(cos 2 x sin 2 y )
cos x
cos( x y) cos( x y)
2cos x cos y

cos2 x cos y cos2 x sin 2 y

cos2 x(1 cos y) sin 2 y

y
y
y

cos2 x 2sin 2 4sin 2 cos2

2
2
2

cos2 x 2cos 2

y
y
y
cos2 x sec2 2 cos x sec 2
2
2
2

Ans: (a)
25. If

n 5

4( x 3) An2 Bn C , then

A B C is equal to

x 5

(b) 8

(a) 8

Sol: We can write the given equation as

(c) 4

(d) 4

n 1

4( x 1) An2 Bn C

x 1

4 (n 1) (n 1) An2 Bn C

(n 1)(n 2)

4
(n 1) An2 Bn C
2

2{n2 5n 4} An2 Bn C

Comparing coefficients, we see that A 2, B 10, C 8

A B C 2 10 8 4

Ans: (d)

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