CHAPTER 16

Freedom
The aim of this chapter is to underscore the point
that the humanities have assumed that freedom,
vital to the art of being human, is not universally
accessible or even understood in the same way by
all who adamantly cry out for it. To exercise the art,
we must therefore know the extent and the
limitations of freedom.

Learning Objectives
After reading and carefully studying the
chapter, you should be able to:
Discuss two arguments for determinism and two for free will.
Explain how and when science influenced the development of
determinism.
Explain the difference between the philosophy of Karl Marx and
communism.
Define and give two examples of B.F. Skinners aversive control.
Discuss Sigmund Freuds contribution to the understanding of the
mind.
Distinguish between religious and secular existentialism.
Show why Arthur Schopenhauer thought the will was dangerous.
Explain why regret and relief, according to William James, are
indications that the will is free.
Relate William Wordsworths sonnet Nuns Fret Not to the final
section of the chapter.

Textbook Presentation
The next set of slides make up a
PowerPoint presentation about Chapter 16
The Art
of Being
Human
of your
textbook,
th EDITION
10of
The Art
Being Human:
The Humanities as a Technique for Living.

Chapter 16
Please review allFreedom
slides before moving on
to the Flashcards and
Chapter 16 Learning Game.

Overview
The meaning of
freedom
Religion: adds
complexity
Determinism
Indeterminism
A basic definition
of freedom
Woman Ironing (La repasseuse), Paris, 1904. Oil on canvas, 45 3/4 x 28
3/4 inches (116.2 x 73 cm). Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New
York,Thannhauser Collection, Gift, Justin K. Thannhauser 78.2514.41.
2012 Estate of Pablo Picasso/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.

Determinism
Past and present
limitations
Institutional
determinism
Economic determinism
Character consistency
Behaviorism
Genetics
Sociobiology

Free will

Schopenhauer: the
pessimist
Jamess view:
indeterminism
Freud: psychoanalysis
and psychotherapy

Existentialism

Religious
existentialism:
Kierkegaard
Secular existentialism:
Sartre, de Beauvoir, Camus

Freedom within limitations

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NEXT STEPS
Be sure you have reviewed or completed
the following items for Chapter 16
before you continue on to the next
chapter:
Review Questions
Flashcards
Chapter Homework
Chapter Quiz
Reflection, Journal, or Discussion activity
Any other activities listed in the module for the
chapter
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