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1.

PROCEDURE

The production of methanol is carried out in a moderate-pressure synthesis loop by direct


hydrogenation of carbon dioxide, which generates a liquid product that contains a binary
mixture of methanol and water in approximately equal proportions. To provide commercial
methanol that is nearly free of water, dehydration is achieved commonly by distillation. The
simulation considered an equimolar mixture of 2700 kmol/hr at 25 oC and 5.2 bar. It is then
split and fed to two distillation columns, one at reduced pressure, with the design
specification shown in the following table:
Condition

DC 1

DC 2

Pressure (bar)

5.2

1.01

Number of trays

16

13

Feed Tray*

12

Reflux ratio

1.26

0.834

Distillate to feed ratio

0.96

0.96

*Count from the top of DC

To start the design, Advanced Peng-Robinson property package was selected with the split
ratio for DC properties is 0.5 and total condenser for both DC was used. Every stream was
created and entered with specific details. The properties for both DC were entered with
information from the table above.

2.0

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

Figure: Process Flow Diagram

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3.0

WORKBOOK

Name

FEED

S1

S2

S3

C2.LiquidDraw_0_condenserL

SP-1.Out1

SP-1.Out0

C-2.Feed_11_feed

Vlv-1.In

Description

Upstream Op
Downstream Op

SP-1.In

VapFrac

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

T [C]

25.0

123.4

25.0

25.0

520.00

520.00

520.00

520.00

P [kPa]
MoleFlow/Composition

Fraction

kgmole/h

Fraction

kgmole/h

Fraction

kgmole/h

Fraction

kgmole/h

METHANOL

0.5000

1350.00

0.52083

675.00

0.5000

675.00

0.5000

675.00

WATER

0.5000

1350.00

0.47917

621.00

0.5000

675.00

0.5000

675.00

1.00

2700.00

1.00

1296.00

1.00

1350.00

1.00

1350.00

Total
Mass Flow [kg/h]

67577.14

32815.71

33788.57

33788.57

Volume Flow [m3/hr]

78.814

42.830

39.407

39.407

Std Liq Volume Flow [m3/hr]

78.706

38.379

39.353

39.353

Std Gas Volume Flow


[SCMD]

1.5351E+6

7.3686E+5

7.6757E+5

7.6757E+5

Energy [W]

-2.287E+7

-7.708E+6

-1.144E+7

-1.144E+7

H [kJ/kmol]

-30494.8

-21410.5

-30494.8

-30494.8

82.041

108.113

82.041

82.041

25.03

25.32

25.03

25.03

857.4204

766.1823

857.4204

857.4204

Cp [kJ/kmol-K]

85.760

98.478

85.760

85.760

Thermal Conductivity [W/mK]

0.2885

0.2555

0.2885

0.2885

6.9255E-4

2.0677E-4

6.9255E-4

6.9255E-4

0.029

0.033

0.029

0.029

0.0072

0.0062

0.0072

0.0072

S [kJ/kmol-K]
MW
Mass Density [kg/m3]

Viscosity [Pa-s]
Molar Volume [m3/kmol]
Z Factor
Surface Tension
Speed of Sound

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Name

S4

S5

S9

S10

Vlv-1.Out

C2.LiquidDraw_15_reboilerL

C1.LiquidDraw_0_condenserL

C1.LiquidDraw_12_reboilerL

Description

Upstream Op
Downstream Op

C-1.Feed_8_feed

VapFrac

0.00

0.00

0.00

0.00

T [C]

25.1

153.1

73.0

99.9

101.00

520.00

101.00

101.00

P [kPa]
MoleFlow/Composition

Fraction

kgmole/h

Fraction

kgmole/h

Fraction

kgmole/h

Fraction

kgmole/h

METHANOL

0.5000

675.00

0.00005

0.00

0.52083

675.00

0.00001

0.00

WATER

0.5000

675.00

0.99995

54.00

0.47917

621.00

0.99999

54.00

1.00

1350.00

1.00

54.00

1.00

1296.00

1.00

54.00

Total
Mass Flow [kg/h]

33788.57

972.86

32815.74

972.83

Volume Flow [m3/hr]

39.416

1.063

40.194

1.015

Std Liq Volume Flow [m3/hr]

39.353

0.974

38.379

0.974

Std Gas Volume Flow


[SCMD]

7.6757E+5

3.0703E+4

7.3686E+5

3.0703E+4

Energy [W]

-1.144E+7

-3.684E+5

-9.413E+6

-4.316E+5

H [kJ/kmol]

-30494.8

-24559.9

-26146.4

-28770.0

82.089

98.409

95.395

87.885

25.03

18.02

25.32

18.02

857.2303

915.2577

816.4430

958.8348

Cp [kJ/kmol-K]

85.788

81.193

90.111

77.495

Thermal Conductivity
[W/m-K]

0.2885

0.6814

0.2740

0.6791

6.9104E-4

1.7854E-4

3.4650E-4

2.8199E-4

0.029

0.020

0.031

0.019

0.0014

0.0035

0.0013

0.0007

S [kJ/kmol-K]
MW
Mass Density [kg/m3]

Viscosity [Pa-s]
Molar Volume [m3/kmol]
Z Factor
Surface Tension
Speed of Sound

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4.0

QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSIONS

1. What is the molar flow before entering DC1 and DC2?


The molar flow before entering the DC1 and DC2 is 1350 kgmole/hr. The feed molar flow
was 2700 kgmole/hr. The molar flow was divide by two as there were splitter placed before
the DC1 and DC2.

2. How to reduce pressure in DC2?


To reduce the pressure in DC2 a valve was place before the stream enter the DC2.

3. What is the temperature at the bottom of DC1 and DC2?


The temperature at the bottom of DC 1 is 153.0554C and temperature at the bottom of DC2
is 99.918C. Temperature and pressure are directly proportional to each other. This means
that as the temperature decreases, the pressure also decreases, and as the temperature
increases, the pressure increases.

4. Did the process achieve a methanol that free from water? What is the purity of the
methanol? How to increase the purity?
The process did not achieve a methanol that free from water. There is still fraction of water in
the stream. The purity of the methanol is 0.96. It is impossible to achieve methanol that is
free from water if they only go through DC once. A recycle stream should be put at the
output and the stream goes back to the feed stream, so they go through the distillation
process again. Besides that, adding some more of DC in parallel series so it could help to
achieve a methanol that free from water as the product goes through the distillation process
several times. Moreover, place an evaporator at the product stream could help achieving a
methanol that free from water. The evaporator helps to evaporate water inside the product
stream then the stream is recycle back into the feed stream to go through the distillation
process again.

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