THE CODEX RIZAL RESOURCES: This section is a list of online academic resources that contain a

comprehensive biography of Jos Rizal, a compilation of his writings, various analyses on his life and
legacy, and images related to the national hero. This list has been compiled to provide a wide range
of information sources on the life and works of Jos Rizal.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----http://www.admu.edu.ph/central/archives/joserizal.htm Ateneo de Manilas website provides a short
biography of a young Rizals time at the Ateneo Municipal.
http://dapitan.com/rizalsadapitaninsert.htm This web page narrates Rizals exile in Dapitan.
http://www.geocities.com/cavitesu/rizpage.htm Created by students from Cavite State University,
this website contains articles written about Rizal as well as translations of his essays.
http://www.geocities.com/mcc_joserizal/ This website provides a compilation of articles about Rizals
life, from childhood to his death, along with the reform movement as well as his famous works.
http://joserizal.info/This website pays tribute to Rizals life and writings. Aside from his biography and
works, it offers various educational materials for Rizaliana Studies.
http://www.joserizal.ph/Maintained by Jose Rizal University, joserizal.ph contains various information
on the national hero: a short biography of Rizal, historical context of his various writings, and a short
list of his artworks.
http://joserizal1.tripod.com/id7.html Rizal: Sa Ispatlayt provides a short biography of Rizal and
detailed summaries of his works.
http://www.knightsofrizal.org/html/rizal.htmlMaintained by the Order of the Knights of Rizal, this site
contains a short biography of the late martyr.
http://pages.prodigy.net/manila_girl/rizal/ This website features various images that are related to
Rizal and his family.
http://www.pantas.ph/lit-elib/rizal.html Pantas.ph provides a short biography of Rizal with free
eBooks of some of his translated literary texts such as Noli me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, and Ultimo
Adios.
http://opmanong.ssc.hawaii.edu/pdfdownloads/rizal.pdf Dr. Floro Quibuyens study of Rizal entitled
Rizal and the Revolution explores and discusses various myths about Rizals role in Philippine
history.
http://www.schillerinstitute.org/educ/hist/rizal.html An article on Rizals life and legacy is featured in
the webpage of the Schiller Institute dedicated to Rizal.
http://www.rizal.it/ This website by Vasco Caini translates some of Rizals Spanish writings into
Italian.
http://www.univie.ac.at/Voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi/jorizal.htm The University of Viennas website
presents a brief biography of the hero and features various images of him as well as his travels.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----SELECTED READINGS

Alip, Eufronio M. Jos Rizal the Educator. Manila: Alip and Sons, 1957.
Almario, Virgilio S. Si Rizal Nobelista: Pagbasa sa Noli at Fili bilang Nobela. Diliman, Quezon City:
University of the Philippines Press, 2008.
Anderson, Benedict R. Under Three Flags: Anarchism and the Anti-colonial Imagination. London:
Verso, 2005.
Arcilla, Jos S. Rizal and the Emergence of the Philippine Nation. Quezon City: Office of Research
and Publications, Ateneo de Manila University. 1991.
Bantug, Asuncin Lpez-Rizal. Indio Bravo: Story of Rizal. Makati: Tahanan Books for Young
Readers, 1997.
Batungbacal, Jos. The Mistrial of Dr. Jos Rizal. Manila: Oscol Educational Publishers, 1949.
Blumentritt, Ferdinand. Biography of Dr. Jos Rizal. Traduccin inglesa del original alemn por
Howard W. Bray. Singapur: Kelly & Walsh, 1898.
Brillantes, Gregorio C. Looking for Jos Rizal in Madrid: Journeys, Latitudes, Perspectives,
Destinations. Diliman: University of the Philippines Press, 2004.
Capino, Diosdado G. Rizals Life, Works, and Writings: Their Impact on our National Identity. Quezon
City: JMC Press, 1977.
Cavanna y Manso, Jess Ma., C.M. Rizal and the Philippines of his days. Manila: [n.p.], 1957.
. Rizals Unfading Glory: A Documentary History of the Conversion of Dr. Jos Rizal. Manila:
[n.p.], 1983.
Coates, Austin. Rizal: Philippine Nationalist and Martyr. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1986.
Reprint, Manila: Solidad Publishing House, 1992.
Constantino, Renato. Veneration Without Understanding. Quezon City: Malaya Books, 1969.
Craig, Austin. Lineage, Life and Labors of Jos Rizal. With supplementary articles by Wilson Y. Lu
Flores on the Chinese family tree and immigrant ancestors of Dr. Jos Rizal. Manila: Tulay
Foundation Inc., 2002.
. Filipinos Fight for Freedom. Manila: Oriental Commercial Co. Reprint, New York: AMS Press,
1973.
. The Story of Rizal. Manila: Philippine Education Publishing Co., 1909.
Crisostomo, Isabelo T. Twilight of a Hero and Other Works on Rizal. Quezon City: New Day
Publishers, 1999.
De Veyra, Jaime, ed. Poesas de Rizal. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1946.

Del Carmen, Vicente F. Rizal, An Encyclopedic Collection. Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1982.
De la Costa, Horacio, ed. Trial of Rizal. 1961. Reprint. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University
Press, 1996.
DeWitt, Howard A. Jos Rizal: Philippine Nationalist as Political Scientist. Dubuque: Kenda/Hunt,
1998.
Fajardo, Reynold S. Dimasalang: The Masonic Life of Dr. Jos Rizal. [Manila: n.p., 1998].
Gagelonia, Pedro A. Man of the Century: Biography of Jos Rizal. Manila: Villanueva Publishing, Inc.,
[1964].
Guerrero, Len Ma. The First Filipino: A Biography of Rizal. With introduction by Carlos Quirino.
Manila: National Historical Institute, 2001.
Guevarra, Antonio Mendoza. History of One of the Initiators of the Filipino Revolution. Translated by
O.D. Corpuz. Manila: National Historical Commission, 1988.
Hernandez, Jos Ma., Esteban A. Campo and Zosima C. Ella. The Rizal Story. [Manila]: Society of
St. Paul, [n.d.].
Hernndez, Jos. Rizal, Educator and Economist. Manila: Garca Publisher Company. 1949.
Hessel, Eugene A. The Religious Thought of Jos Rizal. Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1983.
Ikehata, Setsuho. Jos Rizal: The Development of the National View of History and National
Consciousness in the Philippines. The Developing Economies 6, no. 2, June 1968.
Joaqun, Nick. A Question of Heroes: Essays in Criticism on Ten Chief Figures of Philippine History.
Makati: Ayala Museum, Filipinas Foundation, 1977.
. Rizal in Saga: A Life for Student Fans. Manila: Philippine National Centennial Commission
and GMA Foundation, 1996.
Lanuza, Caesar Z. and Gregorio F. Zaide. Rizal in Japan. Tokyo: C.Z. Lanuza, 1961.
Laubach, Frank. Rizal Man and Martyr. Manila: Community Publishers, Inc., 1936.
Lpez de Araneta, Victoria. On Wings of Destiny: a Novel on the Life and Times of Jos Rizal.
Manila: White Cross, 1940.
Lpez, Honorio. Ang buhay ni Dr. Jose Rizal at ang mga katha niya na inihulog sa wikang Tagalog ni
Plaridel, Gatmaitan at ng iba pa. Manila: J. Martinez, 1927.
Medina, Elizabeth and W. E. Retana. Rizal According to Retana: Portrait of a Hero and a Revolution.
Santiago, Chile: Virtual Multimedia, 1998.
Mejia, Geronimo. Dr. Jos Rizal: A Man of All Times. Tagbilaran City: Barba Press, 1971.
Molina, Antonio. Rizal, Man and Hero. Manila, 1964.
. Yo, Jos Rizal. Madrid: AECI, 1998.

Ocampo, Ambeth R. A Calendar of Rizaliana in the Vault of the Philippine National Library. Pasig:
Anvil Publishing Inc., 1993.
. Aguinaldos Breakfast and More Looking Back Essays. Pasig: Anvil Publishing Inc, 1993.
. Bonifacios Bolo. Pasig: Anvil Publishing Inc., 1995.
. Meaning and History: the Rizal Lectures. Manila: Anvil, 2001.
. Rizal Without the Overcoat. Pasig: Anvil Publishing Inc., 1993.
. The Search for Rizals Third Novel Makamisa. Pasig City: Anvil Publishing Inc., 1992.
Ocampo, Esteban A. de. Rizal as a Bibliophile. Manila: Bibliographical Society of the Philippines,
1960.
Ocampo, Nilo. May Gawa na kaming natapis dini: Si Rizal at ang wikang Tagalog. Quezon City:
Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Development, University of the Philippines, 2002.
Orosa, Sixto. Jos Rizal: Man and Hero. Quezon, Philippines: Vibal Printing Co., 1963.
Osias, Camilo. Jos Rizal: His Life and Times. Manila: Community Publishers, 1948.
Palma, Rafael. The Pride of the Malay Race. Originally published as Biografia de Rizal. Quezon City:
Ken Inc., 1966.
Poblete, Pascual H. Buhay at mga Ginawa ni Dr. Jos Rizal. Reprint. [n.p.]: BiblioBazaar. 2007.
Quibuyen, Floro. A Nation Aborted: Rizal, American Hegemony, and Philippine Nationalism. Quezon
City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1999.
Quirino, Carlos. 1961. Rizal in Retrospect. Manila: Philippine Historical Association.
. The Great Malayan. 1940. Reprint, Manila: Tahanan Books, 1997.
Quisumbing, Lourdes, et al. Jos Rizal: His Life and Times. Manila: St. Paul Press, 1992.
Retana, Wenceslao E. Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal. Madrid: Librera General de Victoriano
Suarez, 1907.
Rizal, Jos. Complete Poems and Plays of Jos Rizal. Translated by Nick Joaqun. Manila: Far
Eastern University Press, 1976.
. Epistolario Rizalino: documentos de la Biblioteca Nacional de Filipinas, 2nd ed. 1931.
. Memorias de un estudiante de Manila, autobiografa escolar inedita del Dr. Jose Rizal
Mercado, durante el periodo 1861-1881. Manila, 1949.
. Noli Me Tangere. Translated by Ma. Soledad Lacson-Locsin, and Raul L. Locsin, SHAPS
Library of Translations. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Originally published as Noli Me Tangere
(Berlin, 1887).
. Huag Acong Salangin Nino Man. Translated by Pascual H. Poblete. Manila: M. Fernndez,
1909. Originally published as Noli Me Tangere (Berlin, 1887).
. One Hundred Letters of Jose Rizal to his Parents, Brother, Sisters, Relatives. Manila:
National Historical Society, 1959.
. Poesas por Rizal. Manila: National Historical Institute, 1995.
. Quotations from Rizals Writings. Translated by Encarnacion Alzona. Manila: National
Historical Institute, 1999.
. Reminiscences and Travels of Jos Rizal. Manila: Jos Rizal National Centennial
Commission, 1977.
. Subversion, A Sequel to Noli Me Tangere. Translated by Ma. Soledad Lacson-Locsin and

Raul L. Locsin. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2007. Originally published as El Filibusterismo
(Ghent, 1891).
. The Lost Eden. Translated by Len Ma. Guerrero. Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd., 1961.
Originally published as Noli Me Tangere (Berlin, 1887).
. The Reign of Greed. Translated by Charles Derbyshire. 2nd ed. Manila: Philippine Education
Co., 1927. Originally published as El Filibusterismo (Ghent, 1891)
. The Social Cancer. Translated by Charles Derbyshire. 2d ed. Manila: Philippine Education
Co. 1926. Originally published as Noli Me Tangere (Berlin, 1887).
. The Subversive. Translated by Len Ma. Guerrero. Bloomington: Indiana University Press,
1962. Originally published as El Filibusterismo (Ghent, 1891).
. The Young Rizal: A Translation of Memorias de un estudiante de Manila. Translated and
edited by Len Ma. Guerrero. Manila: Bardavon Book Co., 1951.
. Touch Me Not. Translated by Harold Augenbraum. New York: Penguin Group, 2006.
Originally published as Noli Me Tangere (Berlin, 1887).
, and Virgilio S. Almario. El Filibusterismo. Quezon City: Adarna House, 1999.
, and Virgilio S. Almario. Noli me tangere. Quezon City, Metro Manila: Adarna House, 1999.
Roland, Ruth. The Rizalista Cult in the Philippine Nationalism: A Case History of the Uses of a
National Hero. Ph.D. thesis, New York University.
Russell, Charles Edward and Eulogio Balan Rodriguez. The Hero of the Filipinos: The Story of Jos
Rizal, Poet, Patriot and Martyr. New York: Century Co., 1923.
Vao, Manolo O. Light in Rizals Death Cell. Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1985.
Villaroel, Fidel. Jos Rizal and the University of Santo Tomas. Manila: University of Santo Tomas,
1984.
Yabes, Leopoldo Y. Jos Rizal: Sage, Teacher and Benefactor of Humanity. Quezon City: [n.p.],
1961.
Yap-Diangco, Norma L. Jos Rizal of the Orient. Makati City: Yap-Diangco, 1972.
Zaide, Gregorio. Jos Rizal: Life, Works and Writings of a Genius, Writer, Scientist and National
Hero. Manila: National Bookstore, 1984.
, Sonia M. Zaide, and Jos Rizal. Jos Rizal: buhay, mga ginawa at mga sinulat ng isang
henyo, manunulat, siyentipiko, at pambansang bayani. Quezon City: Published and exclusively
distributed by All-Nations Pub., 1997.
Zafra, Nicolas. Jos Rizal: Historical Studies. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press, 1977.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----WORKS ATTRIBUTED TO RIZAL
Algunas Noticias de Bohol y Guam. N.p., n.d. This was the title given to the work by the National
Library, though it was originally untitled. The copy made by Rizal is in the National Library. This work
gives us the location of the island of Canela and describes the port of Bohol; it relates the arrival of
Patax called S. Lucas, and at the end it gives a vocabulary of the dialects of Guam. Two written
pages. 20.5 cm x 23 cm.

An account of the Life and Writings of Mr. James Thompson by Patrick Murdoch. N.p., n.d. The copy
made by Rizal is found in the Newberry Library, Chicago. The National Library has a facsimile of this
copy. It is an unpublished work in English. Without date. Germany, 1887. See Wenceslao Retana,
Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 465. 24 pages. 28 cm x 21.5 cm.
Copias de varias disposiciones eclesisticas sobre la adquisicin y posesin de bienes por las
ordenes religiosas. N.d. The copy made by Rizal is found in the National Library. It is written in Latin
interposed with a paragraph in Spanish. Seven pages. 18.74 cm x 23.5 cm.
Copias manuscritas hechas por Rizal de tres cartas del Capitn General de Filipinas Ramn
Blanco. Part of
, 1953. These documents were given as a gift by the Spanish people to the Filipino
people in 1953. One letter is dated in Manila, 1 July 1896, and the other two letters are dated Manila,
30 August 1896.
Do de La Africana. N.p., n.d. Don Eugenio Lpez collection. This is a song taken from a zarzuela
of the same title. It is not written by Rizal.
El Concubinato de Da. Olalla de Rojas y Justina Tolentina con los Augustinos Fr. Francisco de
Victoria y Fr. Juan de Torres. 1650. N.p., n.d. This copy made by Rizal is found in the National
Library. This is a copy of the information made by the office against Da. Olalla de Rojas and Justina
Tolentina for living together scan-dalously and without the benefit of marriage to two members of the
Order of Saint Augustine named Fr. Francisco de Victoria and Fr. Juan de Torres. The manuscript is
a copy of the record of the case filed in court against the said mistresses of the friars, written on ruled
paper taken from a notebook of accounts, using one side of the paper only. 26 pages. 29 cm x 17.7
cm.
En la Ausencia. N.p., n.d. The manuscript which is found in the National Library is a copy made by
Miss Nelly Boustead dedicated to My Antonio. It seems that there is confusion in some biographies
and bibliographies of Rizal in mistaking this poem for the Kundiman of Paterno said to have been
sung by Ms. Dolores Ocampo in Paris, and which is known by the title Orillas del Pasig. It is
possible however, that this poem En la Ausencia attributed to Rizal is the poem of Pedro Paterno
with the same title published in his collection of poems entitled Sampaguitas [1950?].
Fabricacin de Champagne. In Diario de Viaje de Marsella a Hongkong [18 October to 19
November 1891]. It is very probable that during one of his trips he visited a plant that manufactured
champagne and took notes on its preparation.
Reglas para determinar la dimensin de los parapetos. N.d. Ayer Collection, Newberry Library,
Chicago. Mentioned in the bibliography of Retana as written in English. According to Retana, this
work must have been copied from another work or perhaps from some technical magazine. Without
date. The National Library has a facsimile of this work. Six pages. 15 cm. x 21.5 cm.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----EXTANT DIARIES
Diarios de viaje. In this diary Rizal gives us his impressions of a trip from Heidelberg, Mannheim,
Mainz, and Frankfurt up to Leipzig, passing through the famous Rhine river.
a. Heidelberg. [6 August 1886 (Friday)]. This is a part of the diary of his life included in one of the
pages in P. Jacinto: Memorias de un Estudiante.

b. De Heildelberg a Leipzig pasando por el Rhin [9 August 1886 (Monday)]. This is a diary of a trip
with various sketches made by the author and with a monogram on the cover. Written in Spanish with
paragraphs in German, French, and Italian inserted in the text. The original manuscript is found in the
National Library. 65 pages. 11.75 cm x 20 cm. Included in this manuscript are three other diaries of
trips, which are as follows:
1. De Marsella a Manila [3 July 1887]. With various sketches of the author. 31 pp. 11.75 cm x
20 cm.
2. Abordo del Haiphong [2 August 1887]. From Saigon to Manila. With various sketches of the
author. 12 pp. 11.75 cm x 20 cm
3. De Bian a Manila en el vapor Bakal. Without date. Probably in 1888. With various sketches
of the author. Eight pages. 11.75 cm x 20 cm.
c. Diario de viaje. De Nueva York a Liverpool [16 to 25 May 1888]. No signature, no date. No title.
Eight written pages. 10 cm x 14 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. This
diary is written in a pocket notebook of the type distributed by the Palmer Company entitled Palmers
European Pocket Guide.
It contains impressions of his trip on board the City of Rome from New York to Liverpool, and it may
be supposed to have been written during the trip.
d. De Paris a Dieppe (Impressions of a Trip) [1889?]. Without date, but it is probable that this was
written in 1889 in Dieppe. Ten written pages. 31 cm x 16.5 cm. The original manuscript is found in the
National Library. This diary gives his impressions of his companions on the train from Paris to Dieppe.
e. Dieppe [1889?]. No date, but it is probable that this was written in 1889 in Dieppe. Two written
pages. It is written in French with some intermingled Spanish phrases. 21 cm x 16.5 cm. The original
manuscript is found in the National Library. It gives notes and a brief history of the city of Dieppe,
Germany.
f. Diario de viaje. De Marsella a Hong Kong [18 October to 19 November 1891]. Without title. 39 pp.
20.5 cm x 32.5 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. It contains many sketches
of the places, objects, and persons that caught his attention during the voyage. Included in the
manuscript is the work Fabrication de Champagne. Vicente Elo in his Bibliografa Rizalina entitled
this work Diario de viaje de Marsella a Hongkong. It treats of his observations during his voyage
from Marseille passing through Alexandria, Port Said, Suez Canal, Aden, Colombo, Singapore,
Saigon and Hong Kong.
g. Notas de viaje en camino para Hong Kong desde Sandakan [7 March 1892]. These notes are
found in the last two pages of the Diario de viaje. De Marsella a Hong Kong.
h. Diario de Rizal. De su llegada a Manila hasta Dapitan [26 June to 17 July 1892]. No signature, no
date. Without title, but the National Library gave this diary the preceding title. Three written pages. 23
cm x 16.5 cm. This document is written on catalan paper with numerous deletions, erasures and
corrections. It is possible that this diary was written in Dapitan. The original manuscript is found in the
National Library. Rizal narrates his arrival in Manila, his interviews with Gov. Gen. Don Eulogio
Despujol, the concession of the pardon of his father and sisters, his imprisonment in Fort Santiago,
and his exile to Dapitan.
i. Diario de viaje. De Dapitan a Barcelona. 64 das sin tocar tierra. De Barcelona a Manila [31 July to
2 November 1896]. The original manuscript is found in the National Library; it forms part of
Memorias y Apuntes in Documentos Rizalinos which were presented as a gift by the Spanish

people to the Filipino people in 1953. The diary gives the events of his voyage from 31 July to 2
November 1896.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----EXTANT WORKS
A. D. Ricardo Carnicero. In Poesas de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 60-62. Manila, 1946. No
signature. Three pages. 16 cm x 22.5 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. It
is a laudatory poem dedicated to D. Ricardo Carnicero, who was the politico-military governor of
Dapitan when Rizal was exiled there in June 1892.
A La Defensa. La Solidaridad, 30 April 1889, no. 6, 62-63. The original manuscript is found in the
Na-tional Library. No signature. Nine pages. 21.5 cm x 13 cm. This contains Rizals reply to an article
pub-lished by La Defensa in its 30 March 1889 issue, refuting the views expressed by Don Patri-cio
de la Escosura, and calling the attention of all to the pernicious influence of the friar (in the
Philippines) in this age.
A mi Criador. In Memorias y Apuntes of the authors
, 1953. These were presented as a gift by the
Spanish people to the Filipino people in 1953. Also called Fragmento de una Poesa, this is an
incomplete poem of three stanzas in which the author makes an invocation of his Creator.
Acerca de Tawalisi de Ibn Batuta. Rizal to Dr. A.B. Meyer, London, 7 January 1889. The original
manuscript is in the Meyer Collection, Newberry Library, Chicago. 15 pages. Written in black ink on
stationary paper. The National Library has a facsimile of the work. It is believed that this work forms
part of Notes (in collaboration with A. B. Me-yer and F. Blumentritt) on a Chinese code in the Middle
Ages, translated from the German by Dr. Hirth. In brief, the work says that Tawalisi may refer to the
northern part of Luzon or to any of the adjoining islands.
Academia de Ciencias Filosoficos-naturales-[Actas de la] 1881-1882. Title derived. Eight pages,
written in black ink on ordinary paper. 15.2 cm x 21.5 cm. The original manuscript is found in the Ayer
Collection, Newberry Library, Chicago. It includes the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Secretary of the Academy of Philosophical-natural sciences.

First reunion of the alumni of the Academy, 10 February 1881 (Thursday).
Second reunion at the close of the school term, 1880-1881.
School term, 1881-1882: first session.
School term, 1881-1882: second session.
School term, 1881-1882: third session.
School term, 1881-1882: fourth session.

Interpolated in these records is a composition A wheel around the hub in English, which is
unfinished. It seems to have been copied from a book.
Ampliacin a mi mapa de la isla de Mindanao. N.p., n.d. A translation into Spanish by Rizal and
dedicated to the author of this monograph, Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt. According to Elo, it was
written in Dapitan in 1895. The original manuscript is in the National Library. No signature nor date.
Five pages. 34.7 cm. x 21.5 cm. The original is a rough draft with deletions and corrections. Written in
black ink on com-mercial ruled paper of five sheets, written on one side. Included is an unnumbered
page which treats of the mountains, etc., of said island. This incomplete translation is taken from a
de-tailed description made by Professor Blu-mentritt in German of the various maps of the island of

Mindanao, like the map published by Fr. Juan Era in 1890 and the map of the eastern parts of
Mindanao by D. S. F. Montano. This monograph also refers to the moun-tains of Mindanao and the
eruptions of the Macaturing and Catarman volcanoes.
Ang Dalawang Magkapatid. N.p., n.d. Title derived. The original manuscript is found in the National
Library. Two written pages. 13.5 cm. x 21 cm. Also known as Cuento tendencioso, this is a fragment
of the rough draft of this work included in the notebook entitled Fragmen-ts de various borradores. It
is a story in which the Spanish colonies and Spain are symbolized by two sisters who live with a cruel
aunt. It is an unfinished story.
Ang mga Nangagsipamuno sa Bayan ng Calamba, Sapol ng Maging Bayan, Hangad sa Hinarap na
Panahon. Alinsunod sa mga Sulat na Iningatan ni Dn. Vicente Llamas, ni D. Mariano Alcasid, ni D.
Gervasio Alviar. N.p., n.d. A chronological list of the municipal officials of Calamba, from the first
teniente-gobernadorcilo (1742) up to Capitan Municipal Lucas Quintero (1891). The year of service of
every municipal official together with an act or a notable event that transpired during the incumbency
of each is mentioned. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. It must have been
written in Hong Kong in the year 1891-1892 with the help of his brother Paciano. Six written pages
and 14 blank pages. Written in Tagalog in black ink. 35.5 cm x 21.7 cm.
Apuntes Clnica. [Madrid?],[4 October 1883 to 29 May 1884]. Clinical histories and observations of
patients under the care of Rizal and the Hospital of Madrid. The original manuscript is found in the
National Library. No signature. 74 pages in all. On the front cover may be read the following:
Cuaderno de Apuntes sobre la lengua griega. It contains 68 pages written in violet ink, and six blank
pages. 21 cm x 15.8 cm. The notebook contains case histories of patients under the observation of
Dr. Rizal, together with an index of all the cases of the patients. In the notebook there is also found
part of a fictional narrative in English of five pages, The Penitent Robber which appears in the
Cuaderno de Apuntes sobre la lengua griega and a short Hebraic vocabulary with its own
characters and meanings in Spanish.
Apuntes de Clnica Quirrgica. [Madrid?], [1883-1884?]. Clinical histories of the patients under the
care of Dr. Ri-zal for his study and observation, alternating with questions of the daily lessons. The
manuscript is a small notebook without cover, composed of commercial lined paper folded into four
parts, being 13.7 cm x 10.5 cm. There are 124 pages and 41 lessons, the latter being unfinished. The
first pages are missing corresponding to the first lessons and the beginning of the third. The original
manuscript is in the National Library.
Apuntes sobre gramtica francesa. N.p., n.d. These notes are found in the Ayer Collection,
Newberry Library. They form part of French Composition Exercises by Jos Rizal, edited by Austin
Craig (1912).
Apuntes sobre la conjugation del verbo matar en arabe. Title derived. [Madrid?],[1883-1885?].
Listed as Estudio del idioma drabe in the National Library where the original manuscript is found.
Without date. One written page. 20.5 cm x 26.5 cm. The work treats of a part of the conjugation of the
verb to kill with its translation in Arabic symbols.
Arte Mtrica del Tagalog. N.p., [April 1887?]. Spanish translation of the German, Tagalische
Verskunst. The manuscript is a rough draft with deletions and corrections, written in five pages on
commercial paper. 32.5 cm x 20.5 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. At the
foot of the first page is this notation: This work was read before the Ethnographic Society of Berlin in
April of 1887 and published by the said society in the same year. Included in the rough draft is a
Spanish translation by Ponce of the part which deals with stanzas, written in pencil on two leaves of
paper with the letterhead Philippine Delegation, Japan, and on the other sheet is a note of Ponce

which says that Rizal did not finish the translation of the final paragraphs of the original German. This
Spanish translation was in turn translated into Tagalog with a preface by Inigo Ed. Regalado, member
of the Institute of National Language, and published by the Suriang Pambansa Publication in Manila,
1943. It treats of Tagalog versification.
Avesta Vendidad. [Madrid?], [1884-1885?]. A Spanish translation of the book of Liturgy, part of
Zend-Avesta dia-logue between Ormuzd and Zoroaster. The ori-ginal manuscript is found in the
National Lib-rary. No date, but it was possibly written during the time when he was taking up
Philosophy and Letters and studying Arabic in Madrid during the school term 1884-1885. 11 pages.
35 cm x 21.5 cm. The original is a rough draft with deletions and corrections. The first nine pages and
over a half of the tenth are written in black ink, and the rest in violet ink on commercial ruled paper.
This part of the dialogue between Ahura-Mazda (Ormuzd) and Zoroaster (Zarathustra) deals with the
creation of the worlds filled with people.
Canto de Mara Clara. In Fishing, chap. 13 in Noli Me Tangere. In the original manuscript of the
Noli, this song appears with two stanzas more. Also published in Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y
escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 114; Jaime C. de Veyra, Poesas de Rizal, 55; Frank C. Laubach, Rizal,
Man and Martyr; Philippine Literature, Book I; etc. Various musical compositions have been composed for this song, the most popular of which being that by Juan M. Hernandez.
Caracteres hebricos con sus significados en castellano. N.p., n.d. Title derived by the National
Library, where the original manuscript is found. No signature nor date. 21 written pages with some
pages blank. 10.5 cm x 15.25 cm.
Charadas de Rizal. In Memorias y Apuntes of the authors
, 1953. Undoubtedly written in Madrid. It
consists of a collection of charades in Spanish.
Colegio Moderno. N.p., n.d. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Eight written
pages. 18 cm x 23 cm. It is a prospectus which deals with the ob-jectives of a college, including
methods of teach-ing, the courses, and the administration of the college.
Coln y Juan 2. (Lira). In Poesas de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 28. Manila, 1946 .
According to M. Ponce, this is a poetical composition made when the author was prefect of the
Academy of Spanish Literature [Manila, 1887?]. Two pages. 34 cm x 21.6 cm. The poem is written on
commercial paper, using only one side, in the handwriting of Rizal and signed by him. It is a tribute to
Christopher Columbus, the discoverer of the New World.
Contrato de sociedad entre Rizal y Ramn Carreon para construir un calero. N.p., n.d. Title derived
by the National Library, where the original manuscript with typewritten copies is found. Two pages. 32
cm. x 22 cm. The original document is written on both sides of rectangular catalan paper, commercial
size, in black ink, with the signatures of the contracting partners at the bottom of the docu-ment. It is a
contract of partnership to establish a lime-kiln with more than 400 cavans in capa-city.
Correccines de los Sucesos de las Islas Filipinos por el Dr. Antonio de Morga, Alcalde del crimen
de la Real Audencia de la Nueva Espana, consultor del Santo Oficio de Inquisition. N.p., n.d. The
original manuscript is found in the National Library. 11 written pages. 18.5 cm. x 25.5 cm. It contains
a list of the errors of printing and omissions made by the transcriber in the edition of the Sucesos
annotated by Rizal. In a note on the first page, Rizal says:

When this work was published, the original copy in the British Museum had been missing, and the
annotator could not check up the proofs with the original as he wished; for which rea-son there were
omissions in the original as well as in the manuscript.
Cuaderno de apuntes sobre la lengua griega. [Madrid?], [[1883-1885?]. Title derived by the
National Library where the original manuscript is found. Six written pages. 17 cm x 21.25 cm. It is a
short study of the Greek language, its alphabet, together with a classification of its consonants and
vowels. In this notebook there are also four paragraphs of Chapter V The Penitent Robbes in
English, a paragraph in Spanish, and a paragraph without title in Ger-man. Apparently these were
copied from books while he was studying languages in Madrid.
Cuaderno de varias preguntas escritas por J. R. Mercado. Manila, 1874-1875. Questions and
answers of lessons on universal history (75 lessons including those of universal history), geometry,
algebra, spherical trigonometry, medicine, grammar (preliminary) and geography. This notebook is
composed of 105 sheets of catalan paper or 210 pages in all, 12 pages being blank. The first page of
the notebook which reads:
Cuaderno de varias preguntas escritas por J. R. Mercado was sketched by Rizal as well as the
other sketches which appear in the notebook. 21 cm x 35.5 cm. The original manuscript is found in
the National Library.
Dapitan. Da Filipinos, 19 June 1918. Rizal describes the town of Dapitan. Unfinished and undated,
it must have been written in Dapitan during the time in which the author was deported there. The
original manuscript is in the National Lib-rary. Eight pages. 23 cm x 16 cm. The manuscript is written
in fine and small letters on catalan paper, quarto-size, on both sides of the paper. It is really a rough
draft with corrections, deletions, emendations, etc., and is the beginning of a novel (an introduc-tion,
according to Mariano Ponce in a little paper which accompanies the last page).
Datos para mi defensa. Manila (Fort San-tiago), 12 December 1896. It is also known as Su
Defensa escrita por el en calabozo de la Fuerza de Santiago. The original manuscript is found in the
National Library. Written in pencil. Eight written pages, 22 cm x 32.2 cm. It contains the date
furnished by Dr. Rizal to his legal counsel for the preparation of his defense. With respect to the
rebellion, Rizal says that he has always opposed such a movement; with respect to the Liga Filipina,
he says that he has always wanted civil liberties, not separa-tion of the Philippines; with respect with
to Katipunan, he says he does not know it nor has he maintained relations nor correspondence with
the founder of this organization; with re-spect to Masonry he says that it is false that he has given
orders to Pedro Serrano to intro-duce masonry in the Philippines; and with re-spect to the Asociacin
Hispano-Filipina and La Solidaridad he says that it is false that he has founded such societies.
Digresiones psicologicos-sentimentales sobre diversos estados de animo. N.p., n.d. This work,
without any doubt, is an in-troduction to the first chapter of an unfinished novel. It contains a sensitive
dedication to A. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Five pages. 20.7 cm x 16.5
cm. Written in five quarto-size paper with the reverse side of the paper blank; it lacks the final and, it
seems, the first page, in which the title of this work must have been written. Like most writings of the
author, the style of the language is subtly ironical.
Dimanche des Rameaux (Palm Sunday). Berlin, 1887. Published in French Composition Exer-cises
by Jos Rizal, Noli Me Tangere Quarter Centennial Series, edited by Austin Craig (Manila: Philippine
Education Company, 1912). Signed by the author. This beautiful essay is a part of the existing French
compositions in the Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library, Chicago. The National Library has a
facsimile of this work.

Discurso pronunciado en el banquete celebrado en el Caf de Madrid el 31 de Diciembre de 1883.

Two written pages. 23 cm x 32 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library.
Manuscript originally owned by Eduardo de Lete. It is a review of the events with respect to Filipinos
in Spain during 1883, and it expresses his hopes for the coming year. (See Wenceslao E. Retana,
Vida y escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 461. )
Discurso pronunciado en el Caf Habanero. N.p, n.d. No signature. 16 written pages. 19.5 cm x
16.25 cm. The manuscript is found in the National Library. Vicente Elo in his Bibliografa Rizalina
gives this work the title Discurso en el banquete de la colonia filipina de Madrid, en la noche del 31
de Diciemhre de 1890 en el Caf Habanero. Dr. Leoncio Lpez-Rizal believes this speech of Rizal
was read by another person in 1885. In this speech Rizal describes the progressive transformation of
the Filipino colony, traces the history and death of the Crculo Hispano-Filipino, gives a summary of
the events during the three years in Spain, and appeals to all to maintain union and solidarity among
the members of the colony.
Doa Geronima (The Enchantress). Published together with La Tortuja y el Mono and Paalaala
sa mga mapagusapin in Cultura Filipina, May 1911. This is a legend about a lady who lives in a
grotto near Malapad-na-Bato. A shorter version of this legend is found in the third chapter of El
Filibusterismo. The original manuscript, which does not contain the date of writing, is found in the
National Library. It consists of six written pages with the title of Cuentos y Leyendas de Filipinos.
18.5 cm x 23 cm.
El Agua y el Fuego. In El Filibusterismo, chapter 2; Poesas de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra,
59, Manila, 1946. This poem as it was published in the El Filibusterismo differs from that which was
published in the original manuscript of this novel in that the eighth line reads Creemos instead of
Formemos.
El Filibusterismo. Ghent: Boekdrukkerij F. Meyer-Van Loo, Vlaanderestraat 66, 1891. This novel
dedicated to the memory of Fa-thers Gmez, Burgos and Zamora is the second part of Noli Me
Tangere. It presents Simoun (the persecuted and misunderstood Ibarra of the Noli) seething with
vengeance because of the injustices which he has suffered and fo-menting rebellion, which fails one
after the other. It is more realistic, but less of a novel, in which the seeds of nationalism are sown.
El Herosmo. In Poesas de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 26. Manila, 1946. The poem is
written on commercial paper, using only one side, in the handwriting of Rizal. Incomplete; the last
page is missing. Two pages. 33.5 cm x 21.6 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National
Library. An epic song written in octaves, praising Columbus and relating the dialogue between
Columbus and Neptune.
El Sentimiento de lo Bello. [Madrid?], [1882?]. The manuscript is written in black ink on quarto-size
catalan paper on one side only. It is a rough draft with corrections, erasures, and deletions; it is
incomplete and unsigned. Eight pages. 22.5 cm x 16 cm. The original manuscript with typewritten
copies is found in the National Library. It is an essay in which Rizal treats of the appreciation of the
beauty of that feeling inherent in nature, given by God to man and by man perfected.
Essai su Pierre Corneille. N.p., [1885-1887?]. In French Composition Exercises by Jos Rizal, Noli
Me Tangere Quarter-Centennial Series, edited by Austin Craig, 1912. This forms a part of the French
compositions in the Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library, Chicago. The National Library has a
facsimile of this work. No sig-nature, no date.
Estado de religiosidad de los pueblos en Filipinos. Madrid, 1881. A study of the religiousness of
Filipinos with a description of their religious practices, etc. Without date, but according to Elo it may

have been written in 1881, and con-sequently written in Madrid. The original manu-script with
typewritten copies is found in the National Library. 43 sheets written on one side or 43 pages. 22 cm x
16 cm. The quarto-sized original manuscript is writ-ten partly on catalan paper, partly in violet ink, and
with the passage of time the reading of some words has been rendered difficult due to blots and
corrections. It is incomplete. The work is an analysis and a study of the moral state and religious spirit
of the Filipino in all the acts of life from birth to death. It treats of the concepts cherished by the Filipino on divinity, the Virgin and the Saints, the immortality of the soul, the afterlife, virtue and sin,
prayers, promises and offerings, and pilgrimages, particularly that of Our Lady of Antipolo.
Estudio de jeroglficos egipcios. N.p., n.d. The original manuscript is found in the National Library.
Without title. Four pages. It consists of a list of Egyptian hieroglyphics with their signification.
Filipinas desgaciada. N. p., n.d. Fragment of a rough draft of an article with this title. The original
manuscript is found in the National Library. Six pages. 20.75 cm x 27 cm. Written on square
commercial paper in violet ink, now somewhat blurred with blots and cor-rections. It treats of the
earthquakes in 1880, the horri-ble fire, the cholera, and the typhoon which have afflicted the
Philippines, and it ends with an appeal to the noble heart of the people to aid the towns of Coln
and Magallanes.
Flor entre flores. In Poesas de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 59. Manila, 1946. Without title,
but the title of this poem has been taken from the words of the first line. The original manuscript is
found in the National Library. The manuscript is merely a rough draft with many corrections. It was
probably written in Madrid.
Fragmento de varias borradores de escritos de Rizal. N.p., [1889-1890?]. Title derived by the
National Library. No sig-nature. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. 20 written
pages. 20 cm x 32.5 cm. The work consists of fragments of various works on different sizes of paper,
some barely begun, the others consisting of one or two para-graphs only. It contains the following:
1. Intercontinental politics.
2. Fragment of Ensanmiento.
3. Fragment of Ang Dalawang Magkapatid.
4. Fragment of a letter.
5. His first impressions of Madrid.
6. Bibliographical notes of Torcuato Tasso.
7. A key of numbers with their corresponding significations.
8. Stenographic signs.
9. A list of medicines frequently used with their corresponding dosages.
10. Fragment of a rough draft of Las Luclias de Nuestros Das; by F. Pi y Margall.
11. Notes for the preparation of Filipinas dentro de Cien Aos. (a. Notes written in Spanish; b.
Notes written in French.; c. Notes written in German.)
.
Manila: Lib. Manila Filatelica, 1907. With an introduction by Mariano Ponce dated Hong Kong,
October 1906. 242 pages. 10 cm x 17.4 cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library.
It was written in Leipzig in September 1886. 84 written pages. 21 cm x 24 cm. Written in violet ink.
The manuscript has deletions, corrections, and changes. In his arti-cle Sobre la Nueva Ortografa de
la Lengua Tagalog in La Solidaridad, 15 April 1890, Rizal says: I did, then, the first essays, writ-ing
in the orthography which I deemed proper, on September of 1886, the translation of William Tell by
Schiller, the manuscript of which should be found in Calamba, as well as the translations of the
various stories of the Danish Andersen. The original manuscript of the translation of the five stories
of Andersen has disappeared.

Histoire dune clef (The history of a key). [Berlin?], [1887?]. It forms part of the French compositions
in the Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library, Chicago. The National Library has a facsimile of this
work. Unpublished.
Histoire dune mere (The history of a mother). In
, Noli
Me Tangere Quarter Centennial Series, edited by Austin Craig. Manila: Philippine Education
Company, 1912. It forms part of the French compositions in the Ayer Collection of the Newberry
Library, Chicago. The National Library has a facsimile of this work.
Introduccin. N.p., n.d. A history that seems to be a novel. The original of this work is found on the
reverse side of the original manuscript of Manila en el mes de Diciembre de 1872.
La Curacin de los Hechizados. Apuntes hechos para el estudio de la Medicina Filipina. Da
Filipino, 19 June 1921. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Dapitan, 15
November 1895. Written expressly for the Illus. D. Benito Francia, Inspector General (Second-Class),
Chief of Administration and honorary superior. A monograph on the two forms of supposed
enchantment (bewitchment) more common in the Philippines: the enchantment caused by the
mangkukulam, and that made by the mangagaway (bewitchment by suggestion). It describes the
various kinds of bewitchment of the mangkukulam and the mangagaway; the first refers in general to
a man who is born with this power, and the second is always a woman. The manuscript is a rough
draft with erasures and corrections by the author; it is written on ruled commercial paper. With the
work is a page in which are found vivid sketches of the healer and the bewitched in the latters
different stages of the crisis or attacks of said evil. Seven pages. 27 cm x 21 cm.
La fte de San Isidro. [Madrid?],[1884 or 1885?] The original manuscript is found in the National
Library. Four pages. 21 cm x 17.5 cm. It contains a chronicle, written in French, on the picturesque
and traditional feast of San Isidro Labrador, which is annually celebrated in Madrid with a flower
festival. A verse of Alfred de Musset heads this chronicle: What more do you desire of me who am
about to die?
La Instruccin. Laong-Laan [pseud.]. [Madrid?], [1882?]. It is written on one side of 29 sheets of
quarto-sized catalan paper in violet ink. 23 cm x 17 cm. The original manuscript is found in the
National Library. It is a dissertation on teaching in the Philippines, seeking for improvements in
schools as well as in methods of teaching.
La Masonera (or Ciencia, Virtud y Trabajo). El Renacimiento, 22 September 1906. The original
manuscript is found in the National Library. 18 written pages. 19.5 cm x 16.5 cm. In this speech, Rizal
dwells on virtue, which he defines as the constant performance of duty, and he explains duties, their
concepts and practices. It is also known as Discurso en una Logia Masnica, 1890. Delivered in the
La Solidaridad, no. 53, Madrid, 1890. Translated into English by Michael Goldenberg and published in
pamphlet form with the title Science, Virtue and Labor, Manila, 19 June 1956.
La Pecheuse et le Poisson (The Fisherwoman and the Fish). In French Composition Exercises by
Jos Rizal, Noli Me Tangere Quarter-Centennial Series, edited by Austin Craig. Manila: Philippine
Education Company, 1912. It is a part of the French compositions in the Ayer Collection of the
Newberry Library, Chicago. The National Library has a facsimile of this work. It seems to have been a
translation of a story by Hans Christian Andersen. It is believed to have been written in Berlin in 1877.
La Poltica Colonial en Filipinas. N.p., n.d. Fragment of a manuscript found in the National Library.
La Retractacin. Fort Santiago, 29 December 1896. Written on a folded double sheet of catalan
paper. On the upper left hand corner of the document and on the letter C of Creo appear holes

made by bookworms. The paper bears the watermark Hijo de J. Jover y Serra continuously across
the two sheets. 32 cm x 22 cm. This document, which is alleged to have been found 39 years (1935)
after the execution of the hero, is an object of controversy; there are many persons who doubt the
authenticity of this retraction, alleging that it is apocryphal.
La Sibila Cumana. N.p., 8 March 1905. The original manuscript is in the possession of Francisco
Lpez, grandnephew of Dr. Jos Rizal. Written in Dapitan in 1894. The effigy of the Cumaean Sibyl is
sketched in ink on one of the first pages. Writ-ten on ruled paper in black ink. 33 pages. It is an oracle
consisting of questions and answers.
La Tortuga y El Mono. La Solidaridad, 31 March 1895, No. 148, 7:69-71. It is a fable which shows
that the egoist, no matter how clever, will be destroyed in the end. It has been translated into English
and published with the title of The Monkey and the Tortoise-A Tagalog tale; as told in English and
Spanish, Manila, 1912. 74 pages. Also published in Austin Craig, Lineage, Life and Labors of Jos
Rizal (Manila, 1913), 167-79; and in Mary H. Fee, First Grade Primer (New York: World Book Co.,
1914), 117-23. There is also a translation of the commentaries of Dr. Kern from the Dutch into
Spanish which is called El Cuento de la Tortuga y El Mono, based on this fable.
Las Dudas. Laong-Laan [pseud]. Madrid, 7 November 1882. It is written in violet ink on both sides of
three and a half sheets of thin commercial paper. In this charming essay, Rizal discusses the
beginning of doubts in youth, causing later in mature age void so great, so despairing, so imposing.
But the work ends with optimism and he counsels us that we should learn to appreciate things for
what they are worth in themselves and separate those elements that are not related to them; that gold
is still gold even if it be found in mud and sand, just like truth is still certain even if it be spoken by a
comedian or a deceiver. There is another article with the title Dudas which is said to have been
published in Espaa en Filipinas, Madrid, 28 May 1887. It is very probable that these two essays are
one and the same.
Le Milan et la Poule (The Milanese and the Falcon). N.p., n.d. Three pages. 20.5 cm x 13 cm. The
original is written on three pages of stationary paper; without signature. Various words in French and
some lines that appear to be a sketch or a plan are written on the reverse side of the third page. It is a
French legend which shows the vanity and foolish pride of the Milanese, who like an eaglet gives
himself the air and majesty of the king of the birds until he encounters the stronger and more
aggressive falcon that pursues him, wounds him, and tears him to pieces.
Le Pistolet de la Petite Baronne (The Small Pistol of the Little Baroness). Germany, 1886. It forms
part of the French composition in the Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library, Chicago. The first
quarto-sized pages of this article are missing; only the last page remains. On the reverse side of this
page is the hymn Sobre el Rhin Aleman in French, which does not form part of this article. Two
pages. 21.5 cm x 17.3 cm. A fragment of a critical judgment by Rizal, written in French, on this work.
Lecciones de Clnica quirrgica (A scheme of lectures). N.p., n.d. It forms part of the Ayer Collection
of the Newberry Library, Chicago. It is written on four pages of commercial paper in black ink. 15.5
cm x 21.4 cm. It consists of a list of 93 lessons in surgery.
Leyenda Gran Consuelo en la mayor Desdicha. [Manila?],[1877?]. This poem is written on four fulllength sheets of commercial paper. The third page is missing; thus the poem is incomplete. It bears
the following signature El pref[ecto] de la Acad, de lit. esp.-Jos Rizal. Three pages. 32.5 cm x 43.5
cm. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Reproduced in Jaime. C. de Veyra,
Poesas de Rizal, 21.

L(iga) F(ilipina). In Vida y escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, edited by Wenceslao E. Retana, 236-241.
Written in all probabili-ty, as Retana believes, in Hong Kong, 1892. The original manuscript is found in
the National Lib-rary. Six written pages. 20.5 cm x 32.5 cm. It contains many erasures and deletions
writ-ten on commercial paper. The work consists of the rules or statutes of the Liga Filipina conceived
by Rizal, according to Palma (Biografa de Rizal, 220) as a great association which would have
ramifications in all parts, even in the remotest corners of the Archipelago, under the guidance and
direction of the associations own authority and government. Its purpose would be to achieve the
Archipelagos progress and well-being, since it has proved impossible to expect results from the
Spanish nation.
Lista de la coleccin de conchas. Dapitan, 1892-1896. The original manuscript, which is considerably
defective, is in the possession of the Jos Rizal National Centennial Commission. The catalogue
consists of 203 species or varieties, of which five are land shells, 13 are fresh water shells, and the
rest are sea shells.
Llanto y Risa. [Madrid?],[1884 or 1885?]. Six written pages. 13.5 cm x 22 cm. The original
manuscript is found in the National Library. This article, which distills bitterness, depicts the
disappointments and irony of life. Reproduced in J. Collas, Rizals Unknown Writings, 1953.
Los Animales de Suan. [Calamba?],[1887-1888]. No signature, no date. 15 written pages. 19.5 cm x
16.5 cm The original manuscript is found in the National Library. It is an incomplete story. The last
five pages contain the rough draft of the work. This is a satirical story in which domestic animals are
given human characteristics, and their language is understood by the author since he has been born
on a night of the full moon on Saint Solomons day.
Madrid. Germany, 1886. The rough draft of this letter is found in the notebook containing Apuntes
de Clnica. Five written pages in black ink. 15.4 cm x 21.4 cm. Reproduced in Wenceslao Retana,
Nuestro Tiempo, February 1905; idem, Vida y escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 100-102; Austin Craig,
French Composition Exercises by Jos Rizal, Noli Me Tangere Quarter Centennial Series (Manila,
1912), 62-65; Palma. Biografia de Rizal, 68-70.
Makamisa. [Dapitan?], [1894?]. An incomplete novel in Tagalog, written in ironical style. Only two
chapters have been written. There exists another manuscript in Spanish with the same ideas and with
the same characters but with different names. Published in the Palimbagan Ilagan-Sanga, 1943. Ten
pages 34 cm x 22 cm. The original manuscript of this incomplete novel in Tagalog, which is found in
the National Library, is written in black ink on commercial paper and on one side only; it contains
corrections and deletions. As M. Ponce believes, the title pertains more to a chapter than to the novel
itself. Only two chapters have been written. This incomplete novel depicts a certain Father Agatn,
the parish priest who is all powerful in the town, as well as other authorities and inhabitants of the
town.
Maligaya y Mara Sinagtala (Una Novela Historica Incompletas; Principio de una Novela Histrica
Incompleta). N.p., n.d. Title derived. Written in Spanish. No signature nor date, but according to
Ponce, the author started to write this novel in Madrid, and according to Retana, this is a previous
work to the novel Noli Me Tangere. The original manuscript with typewritten copies is found in the
National Library. It consists of 44 pages, one page blank and six pages illegible or defective. 21 cm x
33 cm. Mentioned in Juan Collas, The Tagalog Nobility, Rizals Unknown Writings, 1953; and in
Manila Chronicle, 19 June 1954.
Manila en el mes de Diciembre de 1872. N.p., n.d. Title derived. No signature. It contains deletions
and corrections. Four pages written in pencil and the rest i0n ink. Ten written pages in all. 22.5 cm x
17 cm. The original manuscript is in the National Library. On the reverse side of the manuscript there

is an article entitled Introduccin (Historia al parecer novela). This is an article in which the author
says that the month of December of 1872 was calamitous for the people of Manila but not for the
omnipotent friars, the army and the governor-general because each one had already cast his own
net.
Mariang Makiling (A Tagalog Legend). Laong-Laan [pseud]. La Solidaridad, 31 December 1890.
Also reproduced in Homenaje a Jos Rizal (Manila: Imp. La Democracia, 1899); Hiding Pagsilang, 29
December 1903 (Tagalog translation); the Cablenews American, 19 June 1913 (English version);
Professor Craig translated it into English and published it in the form of a pamphlet in 1916; the
Independent, 25 December 1918; etc. Written in Spanish on 23 November 1890, it deals with the
legend of the benefactress Mariang Makiling, a kind young lady, tall, well-shaped, with large black
eyes and long abundant hair, who lived in the beautiful mountain that separates the provinces of
Laguna and Tayabas (Quezon).
Maximas. N.p., n.d. It was written on a page of the notebook Cuentos y Leyendas together with
the legend of Dona Geronima, the fable of the turtle and the monkey, and a translation into Tagalog
of a fable concerning disputants, etc.
Ma-yi. London, 6 December 1888. The original manuscript is found in the Ayer Collection of the
Newberry Library, Chicago. The National Library has a facsimile of this work. It is believed that this
article is a part of the Notas (in collaboration with A. B. Meyer and F. Blumentritt.) to a Chinese code
by Dr. Hirth.
Me Piden Versos! Laong-Laan [pseud]. La Solidaridad, 31 March 1889. Also published in La
Independencia, 25 September 1898; La Repblica Filipina, 30 December 1898; Homenage a Jos
Rizal 1899; Nuestro Tiempo, 1905; Wenceslao Retana, Vida y escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 1946.
Written in violet ink on two pages of catalan paper, using one side only, with some corrections. The
manuscript, which is found in the National Library, appears to be a copy made by Ponce containing
the previous corrections made by Rizal in the revised poem. There are also two other copies: one
which, according to Ponce, is in the handwriting of Rizal, in which he introduces some corrections
improving the verses (see Retana, Vida y escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 460), and another copy sent to
Marciano Rivera. It is not known where these copies are. The poem consists of six ten-line stanzas in
which the cry of nostalgia for country vibrates, and in which he sings its beauties and remembers his
past inspiration in the bosom of his mother country. This is the poem that is said to have been
requested by the mother of Rizal, which is not true, since Rizal had written this for a meeting of the
Crculo Hispano-Filipino.
Memorias de un Gallo [Madrid?], n.d. Unfinished. Unpublished. No date, nor signature. Two pages.
4 cm x 26.15 cm. It is written on both sides of a sheet of commercial paper in violet ink. The
manuscript contains erasure, deletions and corrections. The original manuscript is found in the
National Library. Reproduced in Cultura Filipina, June 1911. It seems to be a short and satirical
autobiography of a rooster.
Mi Primer Recuerdo (Fragmento de mis Memorias). El Renacimiento, [Madrid?], 2 January 1908.
Believed to have been written during the time in which he wrote P. Jacinto: Memorias de un
Estudiante. This work seems to be an addition to his memoirs. The original manuscript is found in
the National Library. Eight written pages. 19.7 cm x 15.2 cm. Written on eight sheets and on one side
only, the manuscript contains deletions, erasures and corrections. This fragment of his memoirs is
about the moth and the flame. The author believes that light is the most beautiful thing in all creation
and that it is suitable that a man should sacrifice his life for it.

Noli Me Tangere. Berlin: Berliner Buckdruckerie Aktien-Gesselschaft, March 1887. The manuscript
contains three preliminary sheets and the main text. 465 sheets. 37.5 cm x 23 cm x 2.75 cm. There
exists a manuscript in the National Library which is apparently the first chapter of this novel since it
contains the same ideas, although the characters are given different names. The Noli is the first novel
by Rizal, and is considered the bible of the Filipino people. The novel, which is based on reality,
reflects the conditions-social, political and religious-during the second half of the nineteenth century of
the Philippines. This work was translated into English, Chinese, Japanese, Sanskrit, Indonesian,
Vietnamese, Catalan, Lain, Esperanto, French, German, Swedish, Italian, Hungarian, Tagalog,
Ilocano, Pangasinan, Bicolano, Cebuano, Visayan (Samar-Leyte), Hiligaynon and Pampango with
different titles.
Nota de Rizal al Maremagnum. Madrid, 26 June 1887. The note is written at the bottom of the
dedicatory on the last page of the typewritten copy of Maremagnum of P. J. Burgos, which
Hermenigildo Cruz edited and published. We believe, however, that there must be a mistake
regarding the place or the date, since Rizal was not in Madrid on the date indicated. It is a note
attesting to the fact that Father Burgos had given, more or less, the speech transcribed in the
dedicatory from the palace of the Archbishop of Manila upon the arrival of General D. Carlos Ma. de
la Torre.
Notas Clnicas. N.p., n.d. This forms part of the Ayer Collection in the Newberry Library, Chicago,
together with Clinical Notes and Case Histories. It contains 137 pages written on commercial paper
in black ink. 15.5 cm x 21.4 cm. It consists of the clinical histories and observations in the
development of the sicknesses of the patients which he has studied.
Notas Varias. Preguntas y respuetas del orculo. N.p., n.d. No title, but the National Library gave
this work the preceding title. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. 17 written
pages. 8.25 cm x 15.25 cm. It is written on a small pocket notebook. These notes were not published
in the centennial edition of Rizals works. These are notes of places, dates and answers to questions
propounded, apparently, to Napoleons Oraculum.
Novela, fragmento de. N.p., n.d. It forms part of the notebook of Rizal en el ao de 1876 a 1877.
Apparently, this is a chapter of an unfinished novel in which Elisa and Vicente appear as the principal
characters.
Nuestras Infantiles Creencias (Fragmento de un artculo que trata de la religin cristiana) Title
derived by the National Museum. N.p., n.d. This is a rough draft of an incomplete article. Without
signature. The original manuscript is found in the National Library. Two written pages. 20.4 cm x 13.5
cm. The article contains erasures and corrections. It is written on both sides of a sheet of stationery
paper. It deals with the Christian religion in the Archipelago.
P. Jacinto-Memorias de un Estudiante de Manila. N.p, n.d. The original manuscript is found in the
National Library. 53 written pages. 17.5 cm x 26.5 cm. The manuscript consists of six chapters and
one addition. The first chapter is dated 11 September 1878 in Manila, Sta. Cruz, Dulumbayan 8; the
second, Monday, 28 October in #22 Salcedo St.; the third on 1 November 1878 in #22 Salcedo St.;
the fourth, 7 April 1879, in Calamba; the fifth, 1 December in Manila and the sixth from April 1877 up
to December of the same year. Dated in Manila, 16 November 1881. This is a narration of the life of
the author from his birth, 19 June 1861 up to December 1878 where the narration was cut off.
Paalala sa mga Mapagusapin. In Cultura Filipina, May 1911. No title, written in Tagalog in which the
inconveniences of those entitled to lawsuits are narrated. One page. The original manuscript of this
article forms part of a notebook which is found in the National Library, containing likewise the legend
of Doa Gernima and the fable of the monkey and the turtle. This is a short history very similar to

another written in French entitled Un judgement equitable by Jules Lazare in his book Lectures
Faciles pour les comenzants ([Boston?] Ginn & Co., 1927).
Pensamientos de un Filipino. N.p., [1884?]. Written in black ink on one side only of commercial
sized paper. This article is written in an ironical style. The original manuscript with typewritten copies
is found in the National Library. Seven pages. 33 cm x 20.6 cm. This is an essay in which Rizal
weighs the advantages and disadvantages of declaring himself anti- or pro-friar, concluding with the
advice of neutrality in order not to end in the gallows or in exile.
Pobres Frailes. [Manila or Hong Kong ?]:Imp. de los Amigos del Pais, [13 June 1892?]. The original
manuscript with typewritten copies is found in the National Library. Four pages. 21 cm x 17 cm. The
manuscript is written in black ink on quarter-sized, ruled commercial paper on one side only. It is
signed by Fr. Jacinto, a pseudonym used by Rizal. It is a satirical article which deals with the
financial losses suffered by the Dominican Corporation due to the bankruptcy of the New Oriental
Bank. Rizal says that everyone may remain tranquil even if the Dominicans have lost hundreds of
thousands of pesos because the Filipinos will always be willing to go on a fast in order to give them
alms.
Prescripcines medicas. N.p., n.d. It consists of 17 prescriptions; some of these have been
ascertained. Some belong to the original collections of D. Alfonso Ongpn and Friedrich C. Umbreit;
others were taken from photostatic copies in the possession of Dr. Geminiano de Ocampo and Dr
Leoncio Lpez-Rizal; some, from the Rizaliana of Mr. Umbreit; and another from the Apuntes de
Clnica.
Primeros ejercicios de composicines en castellano en el Ateneo Municipal. N.p., [1873-74?]. The
original manuscript is found in the National Library. Eight written pages. 22 cm x 16 cm. Written on
ordinary stationary paper with many erasures. It consists of four short stories with a moral attached at
the end of each story. The stories are entitled as follows: Abhorrence for the Curser, The Shepherd
and the rich Farmer, Bad Companion, Constancy and Work, and a composition on the various
kinds of orations. It was the custom at the Ateneo to require the students to write compositions; that
is, they were made to write on a subject given by the professor. These exercises must have been his
first compositions.
Proyecto de colonizacin del British North Borneo por Filipinos. N.p., [April 1892?]. The original
manuscript is found in the National Library. Nine written pages. 32.5 cm x 21.5 cm. There also exists
a French version of this document more detailed that the Projecto with the title Colonisation du
British North Borneo por des families des iles Philippines. With the project are included various
letters written between Rizal and other persons regarding this project; also various printed matter (a
map, a list of the states of British North Borneo, and an official gazette). The project contains the
bases and conditions submitted by Rizal for the signatures of the representatives of the British North
Borneo and those of the Filipino colony.
Revisita de Madrid. Laong-Laan [pseud]. N.p., n.d. Unpublished. An account of the more notable
events in Madrid. According to Ponce, it was written for the Diariong Tagalog, although it was not
published because the newspaper had already ceased publication. This work is regis-tered in the
National Library as written for the magazine of the Spanish-Filipino Circle. Signed with the
pseudonym Laong-Laan, Madrid, 2 November 1882. The original ma-nuscript is found in the
National Library. 14 written pages. 21.5 cm x 16 cm.
Rizal en el ao de 1876 a 1877. N.p., n.d. The original manuscript is found in the National Library
and it consists of a notebook of 168 pages, four pages of which are devoted to the frontispiece; 87
written and 77 on blank ruled paper; some written in ink and others in pencil. 20.5 cm x 15 cm.

Ateneo Municipal. A notebook which contains the following: A study on the history of Spanish
Literature (classical authors); fragments of rough drafts of a chapter of a short unfinished novel; of the
allegory The Council of the Gods; and of the melodrama Junto al Pasig; some notes on medicine;
and articles in Tagalog, including a translation in Tagalog, entitled Tinipung karunungan ng kaibigan
ng mga taga Rhin by Hebel. The title of the notebook was made by Rizal as well as the sketches in
pencil which appear in the first and last pages of the notebook.
Sobre el Rhin Aleman. N.p, n.d. This manuscript in French is written on the back side of the last
page of the manuscript entitled Le Pistolet de la Petite Baronne. It is uncertain, though, if this work
is a translation made by Rizal of the hymn or only a copy made by Rizal.
Sobre los Sucesos de Calamba. Hong Kong, n.d. The original manuscript is found in the National
Library. Five written pages. 22 cm x 34.5 cm. This article treats of the problem of Calamba, which the
author says is not a passing problem that intriguing politics exploits; it belongs to those which bring a
long social condition and which with the passage of time increase in consequences. It belongs to
those open ulcers which do not heal of themselves alone but rather bring about the death of a
personality. Adding that public conscience has protested in Spain, in the Philippines, and in Europe in
vain, Rizal says that no one erased the bloody stain on the page of Spanish-Filipino civilization.
Tagalische Verskunst. Berlin: Ethnographic Society, 1887. The original manuscript is found in the
National Library. Four pages. 34.6 cm x 21.5 cm. The manuscript, a rough draft with erasures and
corrections, is written on two sheets of commercial ruled paper with the signature of Rizal on the third
page; on the fourth is a paragraph written in pencil, corrected and substituted by another written in
ink. This same work has been translated into Tagalog by Rizal and is entitled Arte Mtrica del
Tagalog. This work was read before the Ethnographic Society of Berlin on April 1887 and published
by said society in the same year.
Tartarin sur les Alps. In French Composition Exercises by Jos Rizal, Noli Me Tangere QuarterCentennial Series, edited by Austin Craig. Manila: Philippine Education Company, 1912. Without
signature nor date, but it must have been written in 1887. It forms part of the existing French
compositions in the Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library, Chicago. The National Library has a
facsimile of this work. It refers to a romance of Alphonse Daudet.
Tinipung Karunungan ng Kaibigan ng mga Taga Rhin. N.p., n.d. This work must have been written
in Germany, as Ponce believes. It is the beginning of a Tagalog translation of a book by Hebel,
although this work is included in the notebook Rizal en el ao 1876-1877.
ltimo Adios. First published in Odds and Ends, vol. 1, no. 4. Hong Kong, May 1898. Also
reproduced in Germinal, Madrid, 9 June 1897; La Independencia, 25 September 1898; Repblica
Filipina, 30 December 1898; Wenceslao E. Retana, Archivo del Biblifilo Filipino, vol. 4, 1898;
Revista Blanca, Madrid, 15 April 1899; Retana, Aparato Bibliogrfico de la Historia General de
Filipinas, Madrid, 1906. Poem without title, but afterwards it was known by all by the preceding title as
well as by the title ltimo Pensamiento. This is the last poem of Rizal written days before his
execution. The last and considered one of the best poems of the national hero, it was written during
his last days of Fort Santiago, hidden in a small alcohol stove and given to his family on the afternoon
of 29 December 1896. Of the many poems of Rizal, this is the only poem that has been translated
into different languages. It was translated into Tagalog and other principal dialects of the country as
well as English, Esperanto, German, French, Italian, Chinese, Indonesian, Japanese, etc.
Un Libre Pensador. [Madrid?], [1884?]. Without date, nor the place where it is written, but according
to Ponce it might have been written in Madrid in the year 1884. The original manuscript is found in the
National Library. It is written on one side of quarter-sized catalan paper, in black ink, writ-ten in small

fine handwriting, with corrections, erasures, and amendations. Without signature. 16 pages. 23.5 cm
x 17 cm. It is a subtly satirical story in which Rizal portrays a free thinker.
Un Recuerdo (Costumbres Filipinas). N.p., n.d. The original manuscript with typewritten copies is
found in the National Library. In the original manuscript, above the title Un Recuerdo, appear the
words Costumbres Filipinas in a handwriting distinct from that of the author. No signature nor date,
but from the text it may be conjectured that this story was written by the author while he was abroad,
perhaps during the first years of his stay in Europe. A romantic story that, more than fiction, seems to
be based on some incident in the authors life.
Una visita del Seor a Filipinas. Da Filipino, 30 December 1920, 8:43-44. (Article entitled Cuentos
Inditos del Dr. Jos Rizal. Fragmento de una obra indita). According to M. Ponce in Wenceslao
Retana, Vida y escritos del Dr. Rizal, 46, to judge by the writing, this work pertains to the type of
Vision de P. Rodriguez; it gives a criticism of the state and conditions of the country in the mouth of
celestial beings. Incomplete. Without title. No date nor signature. 44 pages. Written on two
notebooks; the first contains 31 written sheets on one side of ruled commercial paper and five sheets
are blank; the second contains 13 sheets on quarter-sized paper, also written on one side. The first
notebook, 35.5 cm x 22 cm; the second, 22 cm x 17 cm. The manuscript is a rough draft of the
beginnings of a novel. There are erasures and corrections.
Una Soire Chez M. B. (A reunion in the house of Mr. B.). Spanish translation by Ponce published
in The Independent, 22 September 1917. A chronicle written in French concerning the feast or
reunion held at the house of Mr. B. to which Dr. Rizal was invited. Berlin 1887. The original
manuscript is found in the National Library. Two pages. 35 cm x. 21.5 cm. The original is written on
two pages of ruled commercial paper, with the signature of Rizal at the end. The corrections are
made in violet ink. It deals with a reunion in the house of Mr. B. on the second day of Easter Week,
where Rizal had a pleasant time.
Unter den Linden. In French Composition Exercises by Jos Rizal, Noli Me Tangere Quarter
Centennial Series, edited by Austin Craig. Manila: Philippine Education Company, 1912. It forms part
of the compositions in French in the Ayer Collection of the Newberry Library, Chicago. No signature
nor date, but it was probably written in Berlin, 1887. The National Library has a manuscript copied in
pencil by Ponce of this work. It treats of the beautiful Berlin boulevard.
Vocabulario Hebreo-Castellano. N.p., n.d. It is a short vocabulary work which is interposed in
Apuntes de Clnica.
Vocabulario Ingls-Tagalog. In Documentos Rizalinos. Manila, 1953. The original manuscript is
found in the National Library. It is incomplete. It may have been the beginning of a dictionary of the
Tagalog language which he intended to write, according to a letter from his brother-in-law D. Manuel
T. Hidalgo dated 5 June. See Epistolario Rizalino, 4:206.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----NON-EXTANT DIARIES
Diarios de Viajes. Travel diaries whose original manuscripts are not extant, those whose originals are
extant appear in the list of original manuscripts.
a. Diario de Viajes de Calamba a Barcelona y Madrid [1 May 1882 to 3 May 1883]. The same diary
which appears in Retanas bibliography entitled Memorias intimas. The original of this diary was in the
possession of E. de Lete and was sold to the Philippine government through the efforts of Dr.

Mariano V. del Rosario. Presently, however, it cannot be located. Prof. Antonio M. Molina secured a
copy of the manuscript from Dr. del Rosario in 1944 which was published with the title Memorias de
J. Rizal, annotated by Molina in Unitas, Numbers 2, 3 and 4 April to December 1953.
This is an account of his impressions from the moment of his departure from Calamba on 1 May 1882
(Monday) up to 3 May 1883.
b. Diario en Madrid [1 January to June 1884]. It came to the possession of D. Clemente J. Zulueta,
together with the notebook containing his clinical notes. At present, both documents belong to the
collection of the North American bibliophile, Mr. E. Ayer. According to Retana, this diary was carried
by Rizal in a desk diary.
c. Diario de Viaje. De Manila a Japon via Hong Kong y Macao [3 February 1888 to 13 April 1888].
Da Filipino, 49-51. 19 June 1921. This was published in part by Manuel Artigas y Cuerva in the
monthly publication, Biblioteca Nacional Filipina, in its 20 June 1910 issue with the title Diario de un
Viaje de Manila al Japn 1888. It is a diary of his observations in Hong Kong, Macao and Japan.
d. Diario de Viaje: A travs de Norte Amrica [28 April to 19 May 1888]. In Vida y Escritos del Dr.
Jos Rizal, edited by Wenceslao Retana, 153-55. According to Mr. Vicente Elo, some parts have
been published in several Filipino newspapers. It describes Rizals impressions from his arrival in San
Francisco on the morning of Saturday, 28 April 1888 until his departure for New York on Wednesday,
19 May 1888.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----NON-EXTANT OR MISSING WORKS
A Filipinas (A sonnet). La Independencia, Malabon, 29 December 1898. See also Jaime de Veyra,
Poesas de Rizal, 33. According to Vicente Elo, it was dated on February 1889 and written in the
literary album of the defunct Society of Sculptures. The original was formerly owned by Don
Romualdo Teodero de Jess. This is a patriotic poem in which Rizal says in part: My muse,
murmurous with tenderness Sings to her among naiads and undines My joy and fortune I offer her.
(Veloso)
A Josefina. In Poesas de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 68. Also published in Frank C.
Laubach, Rizal, Man and Martyr (Manila, 1936), 309-10. This short poem was improvised by Rizal in
Dapitan, 1895, after a visit by Josephine Brac-ken.
A la Juventud Filipina. Revista del Liceo Artstico Literario de Manila. Supplement to no. 4, (1879),
1: 25-26. Published also in La Independencia, 25 September 1898; in Repblica Filipina, 30
December 1898 (Mandaluyong: Rizal);
, 393-95; in Wenceslao. E. Retana,
Aparato Bibliogrfico, vol. 3 (Madrid, 1906), 1577-78; idem, Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal
([n.p.],1907), 32-33; Nuestro Tiempo (Madrid, December 1904); Jaime C. de Veyra, Poesas de Rizal
(Manila,1946), 31. etc. See also the Tagalog translation in Honorio Lpez
Rizal (Manila, 1901), 21-22. This ode, with the theme Grow, O timid flower, obtained the first prize,
which consisted of a silver pen, in the Literary Contest sponsored by the Artistic Literary Society in
1879. This poem is a call to the Filipino youth, in which for the first time in public the Philippines is
alluded to as the fatherland of the Filipinos. This sentiment is found in the first stanza of the poem as
follows:
Hold high the brow serene,

O youth, where now you stand;

Let the bright sheen
Of your grace be seen
Fair hope of my Fatherland!
A La Patria. La Solidaridad,15 November 1899. With signature. It consists of a short answer to an
article in La Patria published 26 September of the same year.
AC. El Renacimiento, Manila, 29 December 1904. This manuscript, which is found in the National
Library, is a copy made by M. Ponce. This poem, written in Madrid on 22 August 1883, was dedicated
to the daughter of Counselor of Ultramar, Don Pablo, in whose house in Madrid Filipinos used to
gather once a week. According to Palma in his Biografa de Rizal, 55, she was born in the
Philippines, but grew up in Spain. Orphaned of her mother since childhood, she possessed a talent
and a knowledge uncommon in those days. A romantic, gracious, and comely maiden, Rizal took a
fancy to her, and for more than two years frequented her house without frankly revealing his feelings,
perhaps out of respect to the memory of the absent Leonor.
A la Seorita S. K. [1876 or 1877?]. A poem dedicated by the author to Ms. Segunda Katigbak, who
in his P. Jacinto: Memorias de un estudiante de Manila [Manila, 1949], he describes with the sub-lime
ingenuity of a pure soul the sentiments and the dreams which this woman has inspired in him; the
past scenes in the parlor of Concordia College, in which she was a student; the pain-ful melancholy
which overpowered him after seeing her for the last time on the road to Ca-lamba as she was
returning to her town from Manila to get married to a distant relative See M. Ponce in the El
Renacimiento, 29 Decem-ber 1906. This work appears in the bibliography of Vicente Elo but not in
those of Retana and Palma.
A la Virgen Mara. La Alborada, Manila, 30 December 1901. Reproduced in Wenceslao E. Retana,
Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 459-60. Vicente Elo believes that this was sonnet written in Manila
in 1889. The original was Burned during the liberation of Manila, 1945.
A los Filipinos. Nuestro Tiem-po, 10 May 1906. Also in Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y Escritos del
Dr. Jos Rizal, 243-44; and Epistolario Rizalino, 3:346-47. It is also known as Testamento Poltico.
This letter dated in Hong Kong, 20 June 1892, with another letter addressed to his parents, sis-ters
and friends and bearing the same date, were entrusted before his return to the Phil-ippines on June
1892 to Dr. Lorenzo P. Mar-quez, a Portuguese friend of the hero, with the caution not to open these
letters till after his death. According to Dr. Leoncio Lpez-Rizal, who provided the typewritten copies
of this testa-ment, the original manuscripts which he kept before they were Burned had been brought
to Manila by Marciano Rivera in 1898.
A mi Laong-Laan [pseud]. La Solidaridad, 15 December 1890, vol. 2, no. 45. Also published in La
Independencia, 25 September 1898; Repblica Filipina, 30 December 1898;
(1899), 397-400; Da Filipino, 30 December 1890, 8; and Jaime C. de Veyra, Poesas de Rizal, 56.
This poem is written in stanzas of five lines, being an invocation to the muse or to sacred inspiration.
A Nuestra Querida Madre Patria. Paris: Imp. Charaire, 1889. Also published in Da Filipino, 30
Decem-ber 1915. A sheet with the text written in three columns, this manifesto in-cludes another one
issued by Felipe Buencamino in Manila. (See Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jos
Rizal, 467.) This manifesto is a reply to another signed by Felipe Buencamino in the name of the Filipinos dated in the Philippines, 24 August 1889. This came out in Paris, copying at the begin-ning the

manifesto of Buencamino followed by La historia de Buencamino! and after some brief

considerations. It concludes in a disdain-ful tone. A fragment of this work is found in Retana, Vida y
Escritos, 182.
Abd-el-Azis y Mahoma. Da Filipino, 30 December 1912, 67. Also in A Historical Romance, 8
December 1879; and Jaime C. de Veyra, Poesas de Rizal, 29-31. With the title Mahoma se
Estremece, it was declaimed by Mr. Manuel Fernandez y Maninang in the stage presentation on 8
Decem-ber 1879 in honor of the Immaculate Concep-tion, patron of the Ateneo Municipal de Mani-la.
Vicente Elo claims he possesses a copy of the original.
Adiciones a mi defensa. Nuestro Tiempo, 1907. Also published in Da Filipino, 19 June 1917; and
Wenceslao Retana, Vida y Escritos del Rizal, 404-08. This is an additional argument in his defense
read by Rizal on 26 December 1896. It is believed that the original of this work is found together with
the documents of the trial of Rizal in the Military Archives of Segovia.
Al Excmo. Sr. D. Vicente Barrantes. La Solidaridad, 15 February 1890. Reproduced in Homenaje a
Jos Rizal (1899), 169-87; Epistola-rio Rizalino (Manila, [1930?]), 2:294-303; in The Independent,17
February 1917, 22-23. It is an article in the form of a letter, reply-ing in a subtle and sarcastic manner
to an article of Barrantes that was published in the Espaa Moderna, January 1890, about the Noli.
Ac-cording to Retana, this letter is one of the chas-tisements, a political one, dealt by Rizal to Barrantes.
Al Muy R. P. Pablo Ramos, S. J., Rector del Ateneo en sus das. In Poesas de Rizal, edited by
Jaime C. de Veyra, 50. Manila, 1946. A Sapphic ode dated 25 January 1881. According to Retana,
the copy which he had was one of the first which at that time passed from hand to hand among the
students of the Ateneo who belonged to the Academy of Spanish Literature.
Al Nio Jesus. In Poesas de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 5. Manila, 1946. According to
Ponce, it is an unpublished poem dated in Manila, 14 Nov-ember, without indicating the year. Retana
be-lieves that this poem was written during the time when Rizal was in his second year at the Ateneo,
1874-1875. The original manuscript was Burned during the liberation of Manila in 1945 in the possession of Don Leoncio Lpez-Rizal.
Alianza intima entre la Religin y la Educacin. In Poesas de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra,
17-18. Manila, 1946. The author was only 15 years old when he wrote this poem. Retana entitles this
poem Alianza intima entre la religion y la buena education.
Alin Mang Lahi. N.p., n.d. A kundiman written in Ta-galog which, according to Don Epifanio de los
Santos, is by Rizal. H. Santos has made a Spa-nish translation of this poem. Prof. Antonio J. Molina
has made researches on this song and affirms that even the music is composed by Rizal. Prof.
Molina has made two transcrip-tions of the music of this work.
Ang mga Karapatan ng Tao. Hong Kong, 1891-1892. Also published in Journal of History 5, nos. 1
and 2, 1957. A Tagalog translation of the Rights of Man proclaimed by the French Revolution in
1789, it was published bilingually in great quantities in the form of handbills (Spanish-Tagalog). Mariano Ponce. I suppose that these handbills which may be classified among those which in the
Philip-pines are given the generic name of manifesto, was issued during Rizals stay in Hong Kong,
and therefore, between November 1891 and June 1892.-In Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y Escritos
del Dr. Jos Rizal, 470.

Apuntes de Literatura Espaola de Hebreo y Arabe. N.p., n.d. Interposed in a notebook. Without
date, but these notes may be supposed to have been written between 1884-85.-M. Ponce in
Wenceslao Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 462.
Apuntes de Obstetricia. N.p., [1882-1883?]. According to Retana in Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jos
Rizal, 461, these notes are found in the notebook which contains Memorias ntimas, which was in
the possession of D. Eduardo de Lete. In turn, Mr. de Lete sold the notebook to the Philippine
Government through the mediation of Dr. Mariano V. del Rosario.
Artculo que habla del filibusterismo en Filipinas. El Progreso, July 1884. Rizal mentions in Datos
para mi Defensa, I described filibusterism in a newspaper in Madrid (El Progreso) on June 1884,
calling the attention of the government to its causes and its future.
Autocrtica del Noli Me Tangere Berlin, March 1887. In Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, by
Wenceslao E. Retana, 125-26. Also in Nuestro Tiempo (extracts only). This is the title which appears
in the bibliography of Retana given to a letter of Rizal in French to Flix Resurreccin Hidalgo,
referring to the Noli Me Tangere. According to Retana, Vida, 125, the draft of this letter is found in the
Cuaderno de Clnica after a literary study entitled Essai sur Pierre Corneille and after a translation of
a story dated Berlin, 5 March 1887. It is an analysis and a critique of his pur-pose in writing the Noli.
Canto del Viajero. Originally published in El Renacimiento, 29 December 1903. Also reproduced in
Wenceslao Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 331-32; Da Filipino, 19 June 1878 (in
English); La Vanguardia, December 1932; and Jaime C. de Veyra, Poesas de Rizal (1946), 68. This
was probable that this poem was written after he left Dapitan in 1896.
Cervantes en Argamasilla de Alba. N.p., n.d. Has 295 poetic lines. No copy of this article exists.
This poem describes the life of the author of Don Quijote de la Mancha, Don Miguel Cervantes
Saavedra.
Como se engaa a la Patria. La Solidaridad, 15 December 1870. Also in Homenaje a Jos Rizal,
359-72; and in La Independencia, 15 September 1898 (one third of the article was published). In this
article, Rizal discourses on the misgovernment of his country, enumerating the blunders of the
administration.
Correspondencia Epistolar
a. Epistolario Rizalino. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1930-38. 5 vols. This is a compilation of the
correspondence of Dr. Jos Rizal with members of his family, with his friends and with different
persons, native and foreign. The first volume published in 1930 contains letters written from 18771887; the second in 1931 with letters from 1887-1890; the third volume in 1933, with letters from
1890-1892; the fourth in 1936, with letters from 1892-1896; the fifth (first part) in 1938 with letters
from 1886-1883; and the fifth (second part) in 1938 with letters from 1888 to 1896.
There are some letters already included in the Epistolario which had been published with the title
Autgrafos Inditos de Rizal en Cultura Filipina (Manila, December 1912), and in the Da Filipino
(Manila, 19 June 1921). Also about 26 letters written by Rizal to his family were also published with
the title Cartas Familares del Dr. Rizal in Cultura Filipina, May 1911; The Independent, 17 June
1916; and in the Da Filipino, 30 December 1930.
b. Letters found in Documentos Rizalinos, regalados por el pueblo espaol al pueblo filipino. Manila:
Bureau of Printing, 1953. 200 pages, 15 illustrations.

c. One Hundred Letters of Jos Rizal to his Parents, Brothers, Sisters, Relatives. Manila: Philippine
National Historical Society, 1959. Many of the letters in this book have not yet been published and the
majority of these letters are in the possession of Don Eugenio Lpez.
Cosas de Filipinas. La Solidaridad, 30 April 1890. Also published in Homenaje a Jos Rizal, 221240. With sarcasm and mordant irony, the author attacks the newspapers of the Philippines,
particularly the Porvenir de Visayas, and ends with a condemnation of the Guardia Civil for their
abuses and cruelties.
Deduccines - El segn l. Por un Pigmeo. In Espaa en Filipinas, Madrid, 28 April 1887. Signed
with the initial R at the end of the article. This work is included in the bibliographies of Retana, Elo,
and Palma, but no copy can be found.
Descripcin de algunos peces con dibujos. Dapitan, n.d. The original manuscript was Burned during
the liberation of Manila in 1945. This work was mentioned in Dr. Jos P. Bantug, Rizal, Scholar and
Scientist (Manila, 1946).
Descripcines de plantas medicinales, maderas de contruccin, especies olcoginosas o resinosas, y
de algunos metales, heterpsidos y antpsidos de una colleccin naturalista. N.p, n.d. McYear has
seen a thick manuscript with more than 400 sheets in the possession of the Governor of Dapitan at
the time in which Rizal was exiled. McYear believed that the manuscript must have been destroyed.
Contains the descriptive catalogue of a naturalists collection of specimens, many descriptions made
by Rizal signed with the initials Dr. J. R. The same year McYear affirms that about two thirds of other
classifications represented Rizals collaboration with the governor who was later transferred to
Mindoro, when he was caught by the Revolution of 1898, and captured by the Filipinos.
Diferencias. La Solidaridad, 15 September 1888. This is a counter reply to the article Verdades
Viejas in La Patria, 14 August 1889. It refers to the differences of criteria between the two
newspapers with respect to the actual governmental reforms in the Philippines.
Discurso del Dr. Rizal en el Banquete dado en honor de los pintores Filipinos. Dos Mundos. Madrid,
1884. Also published in Homenaje a Luna, Madrid 1888, 97-104; Nuestro Tiempo, March 1905; and
in Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 94-98. This famous speech was
delivered on 25 June 1884 in honor of Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo who obtained first
and second prizes respectively in the Fine Arts contest held in the Madrid Exposition of 1884. Rizal
frankly and openly exposed the political situation in the Philippines, things which (according to Palma
in his Biografa de Rizal)nobody (Filipino) had ever attempted before.
Discursio brindis de Rizal en Barcelona. Barcelona, n.d. No copy. Written in the house occupied by
Maximo Viola- according to the Mis Viajes con Dr. Rizal por Maximo Viola.
Discursio en Leitmeritz, Bohemia (14 May 1887). Da Filipino, 19 June 1921, 47. It is an
extemporaneous speech delivered in the Tourists Club of Leitmeritz, Austria, replying to the
greeting
. Dr. Blumentritt,
who was present, transcribed the speech.
Dudas. Espaa en Filipinas, Madrid, 28 May 1887. It is probable that this and the article entitled
Las Dudas are one and the same.
Ejercicios en Lengua Francesca.
, edited by Austin
Craig, Quarter-Centennial Series. Manila: Philippine Education Company, 1912. 108 pages. Some

are translations; the last ten exercises with the exception of Proverbs form part of the Ayer Collection,
Newberry Library, Chicago.
El Amor Patrio. Laong-Laan [pseud]. Diariong Tagalog, Manila, 20 August 1882. Also published in
Heraldo de La Revolucin, 31 October 1889; Repblica Filipina [n.d.]; in Homonaje a Rizal; and in
pamphlet form. The Bureau of Public Libraries has a copy of the manuscript made by another person.
Written with special black ink, quarto size, on both sides. 11 pages, 21.7 cm x 17 cm. Rizal talks with
the warmth of an apostle about love of country. According to Mariano Ponce, a Tagalog translation of
this article entitled Ang Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa, is published in Diariong Tagalog, 1882, at the
same time as the Spanish. This was also published in the Heraldo de la Revolucin, Barasoain,
Bulacan, 30 December 1898. See Honorio Lpez, Ang Buhay ni Dr. Jos Rizal (Manila, 1909), 63-72.
El Cautiverio y El Triunfo: Batalla de Lucena y prision de Boabdil. In Poesas de Rizal, edited by
Jaime C. de Veyra, 10. A poem in 4 lines. According to the information given to Mr. Ramn R.
Guerrero by Fr. Francisco de P. Sanchez, it deals with the victory of Don Diego and the capture of the
Moslem Boabdil.
El Combate: Urbiztondo, terror de Jolo. In Poesas de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 7. Manila,
1946. A romantic poem dated 3 December 1876 according to Father Sanchez.
El Consejo de los Dioses. Revista del Liceo Artstico Literario de Manila, 23 April 1889. Also
published in La Solidaridad, 30 April 1893; El Comercio, 31 December 1900; and in Wenceslao E.
Retana, Aparato Bibliografico, 3:1581-86. It was arranged in dramatic form in Tagalog by Pascual H.
Poblete. It reappeared in pamphlet form in another dramatic adaptation by Lope Blas Hucapte in
Manila, 1915. Parts of the poem appeared in a notebook containing a manuscript of the hero entitled
Rizal en el Ao de 1876 a 1877, Ateneo Municipal. The manuscript is now in the archives of the
Bureau of Public Libraries. It is an allegory in which a parallelism among Homer, Virgil and Cervantes
is established.
El Embarque - Himno de la Flota de Magallanes. La Patria, Manila, 30 December 1899. Also
published in Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 26-27. Dated 5 December
1899, this poem is an eulogy and encomium to the brave Spanish soldiers under the command of
Ferdinand Magellan.
El Historiador de Filipinas, Don Fernando Blumentritt. Espaa en Filipinas, 7 July 1887. The initial
J.R. is written at the end of the article. According to Wenceslao Retana, Vida escritos del Dr. Jos
Rizal, 465:
Rizal says at the end: In other articles, we shall specially deal with his works, which have not yet been
translated in Spanish . . . but this promise was not kept! No copy of the article with this title could be
secured. See En Eulogio de Blumentritt.
El Marqus de Malinta, por la gracia de Dios y de su seora la Marquesa de las Loteras, Sultn de
Filipinas, etc. etc. Hong Kong,30 November 1888. It is a satirical pamphlet about the supposed
Marqus de Malinta and his lady, the Marquesa de las Loteras, but in real life it refers to the
governor-general of the Philippines at that time.
En El Bosque. N.p., n.d. This poem was mentioned by Rizal in his letter to Mariano Ponce dated
Paris, 19 March 1889, but was not sent to the La Solidaridad. What happened to this poem could not
be ascertained.

En Eulogio de Blumentritt. Epistolario Rizalino, part 1, 4:5-6. There exists a doubt as to whether or
not this work is the same as the El Historiador de Filipinas Don Fernando Blumentritt described
herewith. However, if we take into account the closing lines of the article, El Historiador quoted by
Ponce in Retanas Vida y Escritos del Rizal, 465, it seems that the two are different from each other.
En las Montanas. Germany, 1887. Original manuscript now lost was previously in the possession of
Dr. Maximo Viola, according to Mariano Ponce as quoted by Retana in his Vida y Escritos del Rizal,
465.
Ensaamiento. La Solidaridad, Manila, 15 August 1889. It is a defense of Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt
against an article of a certain Bachiller Manuel de Veras (assumed name of D. M. Ma. Rincn)
published in the satirical newspaper Manililla, 1 June 1889.
Esbozo Sobre La Lengua Tiruray. In his letter to Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt, 28 November 1886. See
Epistolario Rizalino, 5:33. Rizal intimated that he wrote a short script, which you will find at the end of
the book: I believe that this dialect is easy to learn. . . No copy is available.
Escrito Dirigido Al Capitan General de Filipinas. [n.p.] 1884. See Epistolario Rizalino, 4:193-94.
Mentioned in the bibliography prepared by Vicente Elo.
Estatutos de la Sociedad de Agricultores Dapitanos. The Independent, 1 January 1895, 21. Dated in
Dapitan on 1 January 1895. The aim of the Association is to dedicate itself to the purchase, sale,
loading, unloading, warehousing, etc. of the merchandise owned and acquired by the Society.
Estudios Sobre La Lengua Tagala 1893. La Patria, Manila, 30 December 1899, no. 85. Treaties
written in Dapitan and dedicated to F. Francisco de P. Snchez, S.J., in 1893. The original
manuscript, according to Mr. Ramn R. Guerrero, is kept by Father Snchez. It compromises a small
book. See Wenceslao Retana, Vida y Escritos del Rizal, 471. A Tagalog translation of this work was
made by Prof. Cecilio Lpez under the title Mga Pag-aaral sa Wikang Tagalog. Vicente Elo
mentions this work with the title Gramtica Tagala.
Etnografa de la Isla de Mindanao. Dapitan, 1895. This is a translation of an article by Dr. Blumetritt,
Begleitwarte zu Meiner des Insel Mindanao. The translator dedicates this version to its Austrian
author in token of affection and consideration.
Excmo, Sr. D. Vicente Barrantes (siguen los ttulos y condecoraciones, etcetera, etc. etc.). La
Solidaridad, Barcelona, 15 and 30 June 1889. Also in
(Manila, 1889), 51;
Epistolario Rizalino, 2:186-98; and The Independent, 10 February 1917. This was also published in
pamphlet form with the title Barrantes y El Teatro Tagalo, (Barcelona, Possas 1889), and with this
title was included in the bibliography prepared by Retana. It is a humorous letter about some articles
which appeared in the La Ilustracin Artstica of Barcelona. The vibrant spirit of Rizal in this article
gave the poor Barrantes a sample of the fine and delicate Voltairian irony. The Spanish savant was
subjected by the illustrious Filipino to the most complete ridicule. -T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Biblioteca
Filipina, 365.
Felicitacin. In Poesas de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. De Veyra, 3. This poem was written in honor of
his brother-in-law, Antonio Lpez, husband of Da. Narcisa Rizal, on the occasion of his birthday (28
December). Rizal wrote it as a form of greeting by his sisters. The original manuscript of this poem
was Burned during the liberation of Manila in 1945. Because of this poem, Rizal resented remarks
made by F. Leoncio Lpez.

Filipinas dentro de Cien Aos. La Solidaridad, 30 September, 31 October, 15 December 1889; and
1 February 1890. Also published in
, 85-142; Wenceslao E. Retana, Archivo
del Biblifilo Filipino (Madrid, 1897), 5:265-315; Revista Historica de Filipinas (Manila, 1905), 1:107;
in Nueva Era Press, 1953; and in [Imprenta] Manila Filatlica (n.d). This work has been translated
into Tagalog and English. The Spanish text was published in pamphlet form with the same title in
Manila in 1922. In this politico-social study, the author says that the advancement and moral
progress of the Philippines is inevitable and that Spain should effect such reforms as a free press,
representation in the Cortes, equitable administration of justice, etc. because the Philippines then
shall either remain under Spanish domination but with more rights and privileges or shall declare itself
independent after shedding blood and causing bloodshed to the Mother Land.
Filipinas en el Congreso. La Solidaridad, 31 March 1890. Also in The Independent, 10 March 1917.
Rizal praises the address of Congressman Francisco Calvo Muoz in the Congress asking for the
representation of the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes and since this proposal had not been
approved, he then asked for freedom of the press, because the free press is the inseparable
companion, or better yet, that which opens the path to parliamentary representation.
Flores de Heidelberg. La Solidaridad, 15 December 1889. Also published in La Independencia, 25
September 1898; Repblica Filipina, 30 December 1898; in
, 405-407;
Nuestro Tiempo, February 1905; Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal (Germany,
1887), 103-104; and in Jaime C. de Veyra, Poesas de Rizal, 54-55. The manuscript in the
possession of the Bureau of Public Libraries is only a copy possibly done by another person. This
nostalgic poem was written in 1887; in it Rizal appeals to the flowers to go to his country to assuage
the sad memories he holds for his beloved Philippines.
Fragmento de Una Novela. Np., n.d. Unpublished and Incomplete. According to Retana, Vida y
Escritos del Dr. Rizal, 472, this work was written in Dapitan. Mariano Ponce published portions of it in
a pamphlet of El Renacimiento (1902) under the title Escritos inditos del Dr. Jos Rizal. It is a
novel which talks of, among other things, the arrival of the new politico-military governor in the town of
Concordia.
Gramtica Tagala Comparada. Dapitan, [1895?]. Written in English. Left incomplete. Unpublished.
No copy available. Mentioned in the bibliography of Retana.
Himno A Talisay. In Archivo del Biblifilo Filipino, edited by Wenceslao E. Retana, vol 4 (partial).
Also published in A.T. Ongpn, Imprenta Manila Filatlica; and in Jaime C. De Veyras Poesas de
Rizal, 63-64. Written in Dapitan on 13 October 1895. What was published in the Archivo del Biblifilo
Filipino is nothing more than the second stanza to which was added three verses of the fifth. The full
hymn is composed of six stanzas and chorus. This is the poem in which other translations in English
was erroneously given the title of Hymn to the Talisay tree. Talisay was the name of the site where
Rizal lived in Dapitan.
Himno al Trabajo. In Poesas de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. De Veyra, 53-54. Also published in
Rafael Palma, Biografa de Rizal, 106-107; in Ocampo, Ella and Hernandez, Rizal as Economist and
Educator, Part 2; in Zaide, Rizals Life, Works and Writings, 278-279. It is believed that this poem was
written in honor of the town of Lipa, Batangas when it was converted into a municipality, 1888(?). It is
a hymn on the importance of labor whether in time of war or in time of peace.
Historia de la Familia Rizal de Calamba. Da Filipino, 30 December 1920, 5:44-45. This is a
genealogical treatise of the Rizal family from his paternal and maternal ascendants. According to
Professor Austin Craig, this is an unpublished manuscript that Rizal dedicated to his family. It was
written in Dapitan for his nephews.

Inconsecuencias. La Solidaridad, 30 November 1889. It is a reply to an article of Celso Mir Deas,

columnist of the Pueblo Sobrano which published in its 9 November issue a personal attack against
the painter Juan Luna, taking him as Taga-Ilog who was none other than Antonio Luna.
Informe al Administrador de Hacienda Pblica de la Hacienda de los PP Domnicos de Calamba. In
Soberana Monacal, by Marcelo H. del Pilar, appendix. N.p., January 1880. It was signed by the
Gobernadorcillo, the Principala and 70 well known residents of Calamba. It is the origin, the first
stone hurled and which motivated the celebrated case between the town and a powerful religious
corporation. - M. Ponce in Retana, Vida y Escritos del Rizal, 446.
Ingratitudes. La Solidaridad, 15 January 1890. It is a reply in the form of a comment to a
correspondence from the Philippines published in El Da 29 December 1889.
Juan Luna. Laong-Laan [pseud.]. La Revista Hispano Americana, Barcelona, 28 February 1886.
Vol. 7, no. 278. With a picture of the famous Filipino painter in the front page of the newspaper. -M.
Ponce. It is a short but heartfelt biography of his friend and illustrious compatriot, the great painter,
Juan Luna, artist of the celebrated Spolarium.
Junto Al Pasig. La Patria, 30 December 1902. Reproduced in the Nuestro Tiempo by Wenceslao. E.
Retana. Also appears in Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 37-50; and Jaime C. De Veyra,
Poesas de Rizal, 34-48. Translated into Tagalog by Patricio Mariano. The Spanish original which
was published in the La Patria was printed in the new pamphlet edited by the Da Filipino, Manila,
1915, entitled Junto al
the first time on 8 Decmeber 1880 with music by Blas Echegoyen, on the stage of the Ateneo
Municipal de Manila. The second presentation was made in the Velada Literaria Lrica Musical
organized by the newspaper Da Filipino with a musical score by Manuel Vlez, and took place on 19
June 1915. Portions of this work appear in the notebook containing Rizal en el Ao 1876 a 1877,
Ateneo Municipal, whose original manuscript is found in the Bureau of Public Libraires. A Tagalog
translation of the chorus of this melodrama was made by Honorio Lpez and published in Ang Buhay
ni Dr. Rizal, 18 with the title Sa Virgen ng Antipolo.
Justice in the Philippines. In Rizals Political Writings, edited by Austin Craig, 1933. It is a letter in
English to the director of the Hong Kong Telegraph about the events which happened in Calamba
and signed by Philippino.
Kundiman. Da Filipino, 30 December 1921. Spanish version published in Jaime C. De Veyras
Poesas de Rizal, 58-59. The original manuscript of this work that formed part of the Epifanio de los
Santos Collection was Burned during the liberation of Manila in 1945. The Spanish version also
belong to him. This kundiman begins with:
Tunay ngayong umid yaring dilat puso
Sintau umiilag tuay lumalayo
Bayan palibhasay lupig at sumuko
Sa Kapabayaan, nagturong puno.
La Conquista de Granada. Originally published as Entrada Triunfal de los Reyes Catolocos en
Granda. Da Filipino, 36-37. Also in Jaime C. de Veyra, Poesas de Rizal, 12-16. According to
Retana on page 458 of his Vida y Escritos del Rizal,where gave it the title of La Conquista de

Granada: abre la ciudad sus puertas a los vencedores, this work is a legend in verse; dated 3
December 1876--Ramn R. Guerrero, as communicated to him by F. Sanchez.
La Exportacin del Azcar Filipino. Hong Kong, 1891. This work is also known as A La Industria
Azucarera de Filipinas according to Mr. Vicente Elo. This is another paper which treats of the
exportation of Philippine sugar. Printed in Hong Kong late in 1891 or in the early part of 1892.Mariano Ponce. See Wenceslao Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 470.
La Mano Roja. Hong Kong, June 1892. It is a leaflet calling the attention to the frequency of the
intentional fires in Manila at that time. A Tagalog translation of this work entitled Ang Mapulang
Kamay is made by G.M. in October, 1894, and published also as a leaflet, although in it neither this
date nor these initials appear. See Retana, Vida y escritos, 470.
La Muerte de Magallanes. N.p., n.d. No copy. This article was mentioned by Rizal in his letter to los
Solis dated at Paris, 2 April 1889.
La Verdad para Todos. La Solidaridad, 31 May 1889. Also published by Plaridel in the La
Frailocracia Filipina, Barcelona, 1889, pp. 64-72, and in the Homenaje a Jos Rizal, 33-49. These are
comments on the demoralization of the colonial government in the Philippines and close with a
warning that There is still no filibusterism, but there will be sure and terrible if it continues to be
seen.
La Visin De Fray Rodrguez. Dimas Alang [pseud]. Barcelona, 1889. Translated in English by Mr.
F.M. De Rivas in Chicago, published in Murat Halstead, Story of the Philippines (Chicago, 1898),
220-35; in the Homenaje a Jos Rizal, 143-168, and in Ponteverda, Negros. In this satire, Rizal gives
a sound lesson to the Augustinian friar in the form of a dialogue between San Agustn and F.
Rodrguez.
Las luchas de nuestros das por D.F. Pi y Margall. La Solidaridad, 15 and 30 November 1890. Also
in Homenaje a Jos Rizal: 337-358. These are commentaries of Rizal about this work. He
recommends the works of Mr. Pi y Margall and makes a critical study of the same in so far as they
refer to the life of the towns and of individuals in general and of the colonies in particular, calling the
attention over the ideas in consonance or dissonance with Philippine aspirations.
Lecciones de Clnica Mdica. Madrid, 4 October 1883 to 25 May 1884. In Vida y Escritos del Dr.
Jos Rizal, edited by Wenceslao Retana. These are notes in clinical medicine which are included in a
clinical notebook together with another work entitled Apuntes de Clnica.
Limang Salita na Ysinalin sa Tagalog ni Jos Rizal. N.p., n.d. The original manuscript of this work
has disappeared. However, the Bureau of Public Libraries has a photostatic copy of the manuscript.
With a preface by Antonia R. Villanueva, this work of the hero was published by the Bureau of
Printing, Manila in 1944. It was also published by the Bureau of Public Libraries, Manual of
Information, no.7 (Manila, Cacho Hermanos Inc. 1954), 8. 74 pages. 19.7 x 13.5 cm. This is a
Tagalog translation of five fairy tales by Hans Christian Andersen, with a dedication to his nephews
and nieces, signed Joseph, dated at Leipzig, 14 October 1886. There are illustrations made by
Rizal.
Los Agricultores Filipinos. La Solidaridad, 15 March 1889. According to Mariano Ponce, this is
Rizals. The author expounds the difficulties of the Filipino farmer and proposes to the Foreign Affairs
Minister remedies for the abuses committed against him.

Los Viajes. Laong-Laan [pseud]. Diariong Tagalog, 1882. Also published in La Solidaridad,
Barcelona, 15 May 1889. According to Wenceslao E. Retana on page 150 of his Vida y Escritos del
Rizal, it is an interesting dissertation, more philosophical and historical than literary, emphasizing the
advantages of traveling. A translation of this work into Tagalog was published in the Diariong Tagalog
under the title Ang Pangingibang Lupa, simultaneous with the Spanish original.
Manifesto a Algunos Filipinos. Fort Santiago, Manila: 15 December 1896. Reproduced in
Wenceslao Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 374; Da Filipino, 56, 19 June 1921. This is a
statement written by Rizal during his trial addressed to some Filipinos to expound his point of view
regarding the uprising. The Auditor General, Nicols de la Pena, did not permit the publication of this
statement with a pretext that it might spark the progress of the spirit of rebellion among the Filipinos.
Mas sobre el asunto de Negros. La Solidaridad, 15 May 1890. Also published in Homenaje a Jos
Rizal, 241-253. This is an article that deals with the same matter treated in the article entitled Cosas
de Filipinas.
Melanesia, Malasia, Polinesia. The Independent, 27 April 1918, 19-21. This article is a study of the
ethnography of Melanesia, Malaysia and Polynesia.
Mi Retiro, A mi Madre. Repblica Filipina 30 December 1898. Also reproduced in Wenceslao E.
Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 328-331; El Nuevo Da of Cebu [n.d.]; in Jaime C. De
Veyra, Poesas de Rizal; and in Frank Laubach, Rizal, Man and Martyr, 290-94; etc. In this poem,
Rizal describes his house and his manner of living and alludes to his longings and difficulties.
Minuta de un drama en 4 actos. N.p., [1895?]. As quoted by Vicente Elo in his Bibliografa
Rizaliana, Mariano Ponce said that These are light descriptive notes of the acts and scenes which
are to make up the drama, whose principal characters are Filipinos.
Notas (en colaboracin con A. B. Meyer y F. Blumentritt) a un cdice chino de la Edad Media. N.p.,
n.d. These notes are apparently included in the original works entitled Mayi and Acerca de Tawalisi
de Ybu Batuta. In Retanas bibliography it is said that according to Dr. Blumentritt, this work was
published in the 30 April 1889 issue of the La Solidaridad, but the same could not be found in the said
issue.
Nota de Rizal a la Introduccin del Mare Magnum. Signed by Rizal, it is a note affirming that Father
Jos Burgos delivered this address from the Palace of the Archbishop of Manila.
Pensamiento dedicado al malogrado Jos Mara Panganiban. La Solidaridad, 30 September 1890.
Reproduced in Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 193; and in the Da Filipino, 30 December
1916, 441. In this homage to his companion and friend, Rizal talks of the patriotic virtues of the
deceased and of the loss for the cause of the Philippines that his death has occasioned.
Poesa satrica sobre las colegialas de la Concordia. N.p., n.d. No copy in Spanish of this work. One
stanza of this poem translated in English appears in Austin Craig, Rizals Life and Minor Writings, 64.
Por la educacin recibe ilustre la Patria. El Renacimiento, 2 January 1906. Also published in
Wenceslao E. Retana, Vida y escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 19-20. This poem was written when Rizal
was in the fifth year of the course leading to a bachelor of arts degree in the Ateneo Municipal (18761877).
Por Telfono. Dimas Alang [pseud]. Barcelona, 1889. It is a satirical article placing in ridicule the
Reverend Father Salvador Font who penned the censorship of the Noli Me Tangere for the religious

orders. Translated into English by Charles Derbyshire and published in pamphlet form by Austin
Craig in his Rizals Life and Minor Writings. The original in Spanish and its English translation were
published by Juan Collas in his Rizals Unknown Writings.
Pueblos del Archipilago ndico. The Independent, 4 May 1918. It is a study of the ethnography of
the Malayan countries.
Revista de Noticias Polticas. N.p., n.d. This is a review written at the petition of Basilio Teodoro
Morn, proprietor of the Diariong Tagalog, in the year 1882.
Sa Aking mga Kabata. In Kung sino ang kumatha ng Florante, by Hermenegildo Cruz, 187-188,
Manila, 1906, The Spanish translation entitled A mis Camaradas by Epifanio de los Santos, is
published in the Revista Filipina, December 1916, 25; in Sol H. Gwekoh, ed., Poesas del Dr. Rizal,
Manila, 1929, 7-8, etc. The English translation entitled To My Comrades was published in the
Philippine Review, January 1917. This is the first poem written by Rizal in 1869, at the age of 8. It
speaks of love for our own language.
Sa Mga Kababayan. Hong Kong, December 1891. Printed in leaflet form, this was written on 31
December 1891. According to Mariano Ponce, as quoted by Retana in his Vida y Escritos del Dr.
Rizal, 470, the leaflet refers to the Calamba affair.
Sa Mga Kababayang Dalaga sa Malolos. El Renacimiento, 1902. Supplementary pamphlet. The
Spanish translation was made by Epifanio de los Santos Cristobal and was published in the La
Revista Filipina, December 1916. It was published in Epistolario Rizalino, Letter 223 (Manila: Bureau
of Printing 1931), II:122. It was also published as a Letter to the Young Women of Malolos (Manila:
Bureau of Printing, 1952), 32 pages in English, Tagalog and Spanish. This is a letter in Tagalog dated
22 February 1889 in Europe. This had been written at the request of Marcelo H. del Pilar for the
young women of Malolos who elevated a petition to the governor-general asking that they be given
permission to open a night school for the teaching of Spanish.
Sakit Latahr. N.p., n.d. This is an article about Mali-mali (of the Tagalogs) or sakit latahr of the
Malays, mentioned by Rizal in his article entitled La Curacin de los Hechizados. Apparently it was
included in some notes or writings that Rizal had regarding medical practices in the Philippines.
Neither original nor a copy is available and nothing is known whether it has even been published.
Saludo al ao nuevo. [Dapitan?], [1895?]. According to Dr. Leoncio Lpez Rizal these four lines
were dictated to him by his mother Narcisa Rizal-Lpez which were the only ones she remembered
out of a long poem written in Dapitan, 1895, in order to greet the New Year.
San Eustaquio, Martir. Da Filipino, 19 June 1922. Also in Jaime C. De Veyra, Poesas de Rizal, 71131. The original of this work was Burned during the liberation of Manila in the year 1945. This is a
tragedy arranged in Spanish verse (April and May 1876) by Rizal while he was a student of the
Ateneo based on the work written in Italian (1869) by Father Enrique Valle, S.J. in 8 pages. The
dedication is dated in Calamba, 2 June 1876.
Samos Justos. La Solidaridad, 15 April 1890, 82-84. Also published in Homenaje a Jos Rizal,
195-205. This article supports the protest of several Filipinos against an article published in La
Opinin of Manila entitled Justicia Seca in which the declaration of martial law in Negros was being
asked as a result of a case of homicide committed in that island.

Semblanzas. The Independent, 28 July 1917, 20-21. These are personality and character studies of
3 Filipino classmates of his in medicine in Madrid. It is supposed that this was written in Madrid
between 1882 to 1885.
Sin Nombre. La Solidaridad, 28 February 1890. Also published in Homenaje a Jos Rizal, 27-32.
This short article denounced the anomalous procedure followed by Governor General Weyler,
regarding a petition of the tenants of the Hacienda de Calamba in the possession of the Reverend
Dominican Fathers.
Sobre el Teatro Tagalo. N.p., n.d. This is an article refuting another one published in Madrid by Mr.
Manuel Lorenzo D Ayot written on 6 May 1884, according to the Diario en Madrid. See Retana, Vida
y Escritos y del Dr. Jos Rizal, 89.
Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos. La Solidaridad; 15 and 31 July, 15 and 31 August, 15
September 1890. Also published in Homenaje a Jos Rizal, 261-326. Translated into English by
Charles Derbyshire and published in pamphlet form entitled The Indolence of the Filipinos, edited by
Austin Craig (Manila 1913), 66 pages. Also reproduced in Austin Craigs Rizals Life and Minor
Writings, 264-309. In this detailed politico-social study, Rizal discourses on the causes and
circumstances that contributed to the existence of the so-called indolence of the Filipinos.
Sobre la Nueva Ortografa de la Lengua Tagala. La Solidaridad, 15 April 1890. Also published in La
Independencia, 27 September 1898, 261-326; Homenaje a Jos Rizal, 1899, 207; in Epistolario
Rizalino, Manila 1933, 3:10-21. Translated into German by Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt and published
in a pamphlet entitled Die Transcription des Tagalog von Dr. Jos Rizal (Gravenhage: Bijdragen tot
de taal-land en Volkenkunde von Ned-In die, 1892), 311-320. Translated into Tagalog by the Institute
of National Language, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra (Manila: Limbagan ng Manila Simbunsya, 1943).
It explains the proposed reforms to Tagalog orthography.
Specimens of Tagal Folklore: I. Proverbial Sayings. II. Puzzles. III. Verses. Trubners Record,
London, May 1889. No. 2, 1:45-46. An extract of this article appeared in Austin Craigs Lineage, Life
and Labors of Jos Rizal, 152-153, and in Rizals Life and Minor Writings by the same author, 103104.
Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, por Dr. Antonio de Morga, obra publicada en Mejico el ao de 1609
nuevamente sacada a luz y anotada por Jos Rizal y precedida de un prologo del Profesor Fernando
Blumentritt. Paris: Librera de Garnier Hermanos, 1890. The book consists of eight chapters; Rizal
annotated all of them, particularly the eight, making an extensive and conscientious investigation of
the old books and documents that could be found in the British Museum at London for almost one
year (1888-1889).
Traduccin de poesias alemanas al tagalo. Calamba, 1887. These were written in Calamba in the
last days of 1887, according to information given by Professor BlumentrittRetana, Vida escritos del
Dr. Jos Rizal, 465. Vicente Elo says that the poems were Goethes. It is also mentioned in a letter of
Rizal to Blumentritt dated at Calamba on 19 October 1887 (Epistolario Rizalino, 5:216) that he would
translate the poem of Von Wildernath into Tagalog, but it seems that he was not able to do so.
Tratado sobre Conchologa. N.p., n.d. This work consists of five incomplete pages. The original
manuscript was Burned during the liberation of Manila in 1945.
Two Eastern Fables. Trubners Record, London, July 1889, vol. 1, no. 3. A Spanish translation was
published in Cultura Filipina, October 1911, 276-298. According to Retana in his Vida y Escritos del
Dr. Rizal, 466, this curious article was the object of extensive comment when read before the

International Congress of Orientalists in Stockholm and Christiania in 1889. It treats of the Filipino
and Japanese versions of the fable of the turtle and the monkey.
Un artculo acerca de la cuestion de las Carolinas. La Publicidad, Barcelona, 1886. Quoted by
Palma in his Biografa, 367, but no copy can be found.
Un dilogo alusivo a la despedida de los Colegiales. N.p., n.d. The original papers of this work were
burned in the liberation of Manila in 1945. It has never been published and no copy is available. Rizal
mentions this, his poetic composition, in P. Jacinto and affirms that it was shown for the first time in
college at the end of course 1875 or 1876 - M. Ponce, as quoted by Retana in his Vida y Escritos del
Dr. Rizal, 457.
Un recuerdo a mi Pueblo. La Patria, Manila, 30 December 1899. Also published in El Pueblo, Cebu,
June 1901; and Jaime C. De Veyra, Poesas de Rizal, 1946, 4. This simple poem, (according to
Vicente Elo in Retana, Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 457) was presented by its author in one of
the sessions being held by Ateneo Municipal de Manila that took place every Sunday morning. Elo
adds that M. Ponce says that this poem must have been written in 1876, but Elo assures that even in
1876 Rizal did not make it known that he wrote it in the said Academia.
Una contestacin a D. Isabelo de los Reyes. La Solidaridad, 31 October 1890. Also published in
Homenaje a Jos Rizal, 327-366. In this reply, Rizal answers the observations of Don Isabelo de los
Reyes about Rizals comments on the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas of Morga.
Una Esperanza. La Solidaridad, Madrid, 15 July 1890. Also reproduced in Homenaje a Jos Rizal,
225-260. Rizal deplores the fall of the liberal party in Madrid to which Mr. Becerra, who worked for
reforms for the Philippines, is affiliated.
Una Profanacin. La Solidaridad, 31 July 1889. Also reproduced in Wenceslao Retana, Vida y
Escritos y del Dr. Jos Rizal, 167-169. This anonymous article denounces the injustice and baseness
of interring his brother-in-law, Mr. Mariano Herbosa, in a high place out of the town of Calamba and
not in the town cemetery.
Venganzas Cobardes. La Solidaridad, 31 August 1890. It is an unsigned article in which the author
bitterly complains against the persecutions and injustices committed against his brother, his sisters
and his brothers-in-law.
Verdades Nuevas. La Solidaridad, Barcelona, 31 July 1889. Also published in Homenaje a Jos
Rizal, 75-85, and re-edited and printed by Alfonso Ongpn in Manila in 1957. It is a defense of the
reform movement in his country and refutes certain statements of Vicente Belloc y Snchez in his
letter published in the La Patria in Madrid, 4 July 1889.
Y es espanol: Elcano el primero en dar vuelta al mundo. Da Filipino, 19 June 1921, 460. Also
published in Jaime C. de Veyra, Poesas de Rizal, 9-10. This is a roundelay poem written on 5
December 1875.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----OTHER WRITINGS
A la Nacin Espaola. Hong Kong, 1891. This is a leaflet without a date, printed in Hongkong on 11
November 1891. It refers to the well-known case between the people of Calamba and the Dominican
fathers, brought about by the estate owned by the latter in said town.-M. Ponce in Retanas Vida y

Escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal, 470. It is doubted whether this work is Rizals or not for various reasons,
among them the style, the signatures that appear at the bottom of the leaflet and the date of its
publication. Rizal arrived in Hong Kong on 17 November 1891.
A Orillas del Pasig. El Renacimiento, Manila, 28 January 1907. According to Don Antonio Ma.
Regidor, this is an article published in the Filipino Students Magazine. This song was written by Rizal
and sung in a gathering in Paris in 1889 by the lady from Binondo, Loleng Ocampo.
Adis a Leonor. In Poesas de Rizal, edited by Jaime C. de Veyra, 50. Manila, 1946. It is a very
short poetic composition supposedly dedicated to his fianc, which is believed to have been written
before his departure for Europe in 1882. For various reasons, it cannot be considered as a work of
Rizal.
Anotacines al trabajo Ciencias y Costumbres de los Filipinas, por el P. Burgos. N.p., n.d. This is
mentioned in the bibliography of the works of Father Burgos. No copy.
Anotacines a La Lucha de la Religin Contra la Ciencia, por el P. Burgos. N.p., n.d. This is
mentioned in the bibliography of the works of Father Burgos.
El Solfeo de La Defensa. La Solidaridad, 15 March 1889. According to Dr. Leoncio Lpez-Rizal, this
article is not written by Rizal. It is included here only because many attribute its authorship to Rizal. It
is a reply to the article of the publication La Defensa.
Hasta el ltimo Suspiro. N.p, n.d. The authorship of this poem is also attributed to Rizal, but it is
much doubted whether it is his.
Leonor. [Dagupan?], [1887?]. A poem attributed to Rizal, the music of which was composed by Mr.
Alejandro Vinteres. According to allegations, this poem was written by Rizal when he went to visit
Leonor in Dagupan in 1887. It is positively known that Rizal did not see Leonor either in 1887 or in
1888.
Mi Primera Inspiracin. N.p., n.d. This was included in Vicente Elos bibliography but not in those of
Retana and Palma. According to Dr. Leoncio Lpez-Rizal, this poem was composed by his brother,
Antonio Lpez.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----ADVERSARIES OF RIZAL
Rizal was a tireless advocate for justice in the Philippines, attracting the ire of the colonial
government and the religious orders. While he was in Europe, Governor-General Valeriano Weyler
expelled Rizals relatives together with other Calamba families. Later in Spain, Rizal would find a
relentless antagonist in Wenceslao Retana who, using the pseudonym Desengaos, attacked La
Solidaridad and the Propagandists in the pages of La Politica de Espaa en Filipinas. More attacks
came after the publication of Noli Me Tangere. Pedro Payo, archbishop of Manila, censured the book.
Governor-General Eulogio Despujol sentenced Rizal to exile in Dapitan after he was framed for
bringing in seditious documents. A more personal attack came in the form of George Taufer, the
stepfather of Josephine Bracken who violently opposed Rizals relationship with Josephine and
threatened to commit suicide when Josephine attempted to leave him. Camilo de Polavieja in his

short-lived role as Governor-General of the Philippines would always be remembered as the hand
that ordered Rizals execution in 1896, a move which sparked the 1896 Revolution.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----FRIENDS OF RIZAL
Rizal established firm friendships with people whom he considered his intellectual equals. An artist
himself, he cultivated painters like Juan Luna and Flix Resurreccin Hidalgo, both of them painting
engaging portraits of Rizal (see cover). He admired Graciano Lpez Jaenas writing despite his low
opinion of Lpez Jaenas personal life. He worked closely with Marcelo H. del Pilar in La Solidaridad.
Together with Mariano Ponce, del Pilar and Rizal formed a triumvirate which aimed to create a
Philippine intellectual tradition informed by enlightenment ideals. Rizal would eventually break with
del Pilar after a bitter dispute over the leadership of the Filipino expatriate community.
Rizals friends not only upheld his ideas and reputation but also helped him in more practical ways.
Trinidad Pardo de Tavera provided much needed personal support while the hero was in Paris.
Antonio Regidor helped smuggle Rizal to Hong Kong at the height of his persecution by the Spanish
authorities. However, Rizals closest friend was not a Filipino, but the Austrian scholar Ferdinand
Blumentritt with whom he engaged in a voluminous correspondence until the end of his life.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----THE MONKEY AND THE TOROISE
Rizals The Monkey and the Tortoise, the earliest known comic strip created by a Filipino, was
published in 1885 in a literary magazine called Trubners Record. It is an animal tale about a tortoise
and a monkey who divided a banana tree between them and planted each end separately. The
monkey, believing that the upper portion of the tree is responsible for bearing the fruits, took that part
and planted it. The tortoise, on the other hand, planted the lower part of the tree and soon enough, it
grew and bore fruit.
Since the tortoise could not climb the tree, the monkey good-naturedly volunteered to get the fruits,
but then ate them all, throwing the skins to the tortoise. As a payback, the tortoise planted pointed
plants beneath the tree and when the monkey came down, he got wounded. To punish the tortoise,
the monkey gave the former two choices - to be pounded with a mortar or thrown into the water. The
tortoise deceived the monkey by pretending to be afraid of drowning. When he was thrown in the
water, he resurfaced laughing.
The Monkey and the Tortoise was published in 1913 by Austin Craig in Lineage, Life and Labors of
Jos Rizal, the first biography of Rizal in English. The original manuscripts of the comic strip are now
preserved in a vault in the National Library. Unlike the comics we know today, the dialogue and
narration were written below the drawings.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----RIZAL FAMILY
The seventh child in a family of thirteen, Jos Rizal grew up surrounded by warmth and affection. The
Rizal siblings were particularly close-knit. Jos communicated regularly with his brother and sisters

wherever he was. His only brother Paciano, with whom he shared a deep and special bond, was his
mentor and confidante. Joss death would eventually spur Paciano to join the Revolution of 1896.
Rizal treated his sisters with respect and solicitude. They supported all his undertakings and stayed at
his side in the most difficult moments. Josefa, Luca and Trinidad accompanied him to Hong Kong in
his exile. Mara, whom he considered the most fearless, brought her children along to live with him in
Dapitan. It was Narcisa to whom he turned for advice and help when he could not approach the rest
of his family. And at the end of his life, he would entrust one of his most enduring legaciesthe great
poem Mi ltimo adiosto his younger sister Trinidad.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----SCHOLARS MET ABROAD
Rizals sojourn in Europe gave him access to the latest scientific developments and led him to
encounter renowned intellectuals and scientists of the time. Some like physicians Louis de Wecker,
Otto Heinrich Enoch Becker, Julin Masselon and Xavier Galezowsky were his teachers in medicine
during his student days. He met the famous ophthalmologist Lorenzo Marquez in Hong Kong.
Marquez would eventually refer most of his clients to the gifted young doctor. Social scientists such
as Adolf Bernard Meyer, Reinhold Rost, Friedrich Ratzel and Rudolf Virchow encouraged Rizals
interest in ethnology and linguistics and became his life-long correspondents. Virchow invited him to
join the Berlin Anthropological Society where he gave a well received lecture on Tagalog. Ratzel, who
pioneered the study of human and political geography, toured Rizal in Leipzig Museum and
considered him a brilliant political scientist. Reinhold Rost, the librarian of the India Office and a
leading expert in Asian languages, hosted Rizal during his stay in London. Rost would eventually be
invited to serve as a counselor in the Association Internationale des Philippinistes, when Rizal wanted
to bring together scholars interested in the Philippines. While the Association never got off the
ground, Rost would always hold Rizal in high regard, referring to him as una perla de hombre.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----WOMEN OF RIZAL
Perhaps because he grew up with eight sisters, Rizal was always comfortable in the company of
women. Elegant, charming and well spoken, he attracted considerable attention from the fairer sex,
attention which he returned in full measure. His first love was Segunda Katigbak, the sister of his
friend Mariano. Second was Leonor Valenzuela, a colegiala with whom he exchanged letters written
in invisible ink. Rizal then met Leonor Rivera, his cousin and the great love of his life; she was his
reason for not committing to romantic relationships abroad during the eleven years of their
engagement. There was also Consuelo Ortiga to whom he dedicated a poem; Gertrude Beckett, an
Englishwoman whom he befriended while he was in London researching in the British Museum; and
Nellie Boustead, a Frenchwoman he would have married if not for his friendship with Antonio Luna.
Rizal also became infatuated with the Belgian girl Suzanne Jacoby when he stayed in her boarding
house in Brussels, and almost married Seiko Usui (O-Sei-san), a samurais daughter, while he was in
Tokyo. Finally and most famously, Rizal fell in love with Josephine Bracken, who lived with him during
his exile in Dapitan and gave him a measure of happiness in the last years of his life. For all his
lovers, though, Rizals romances seemed doomed to end in heartbreak; most of his relationships

ended abruptly or never lasted. His love affair with Josephine was cut tragically short by his own
death.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----CODEX Rizal, the CD-ROM accompaniment of Lolo Jose: An Intimate and Illustrated Portrait of Jose
Rizal, contains the full text of Rizals novels and selected works, landmark biographies by Wenceslao
Retana (Vida y Escritos del Dr. Jos Rizal) Rafael Palma (Biografia de Rizal), Teodoro Kalaws
pioneering Epistolario Rizalino (the scholarly compilation of Rizals correspondence in Spanish), and
a gallery of over two hundred photographs and illustrations. Codex Rizal is linked to Filipiniana.nets
Complete Jos Rizal, the most extensive online repository of Rizals monumental cultural output.
Sources of the material contained in this CD are duly noted. Special acknowledgments go to the
National Historical Institute for giving permission to reproduce key Rizaliana documents and images
and to Mr. Nestor Vera Cruz of Yesteryears Music Gallery for providing audio files of Jose
Mossesgelds recordings of Mi ultimo adios (Huling Paalam).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----